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List of symbols and abbreviations |
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viii | |
Introduction |
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1 | (5) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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0.5 The connection to language teaching and training |
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5 | (1) |
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1 Basic elements of grammatical structure |
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6 | (28) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.1 What are word-classes or `parts of speech'? |
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6 | (2) |
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8 | (2) |
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1.3 What word-classes are there, and what are their characteristic features? |
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10 | (18) |
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1.4 Phrase, clause and sentence |
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28 | (6) |
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32 | (2) |
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2 The simple sentence and its grammatical functions |
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34 | (16) |
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2.0 Structure and function |
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34 | (1) |
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2.1 Sentence functions explained |
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35 | (8) |
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43 | (1) |
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2.3 Functions in the sentence |
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44 | (6) |
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48 | (2) |
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3 Structural variations of the simple sentence and functional consequences |
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50 | (14) |
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3.0 Basic sentence operations |
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50 | (1) |
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3.1 Questions (the interrogative) |
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50 | (4) |
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3.2 Voice: active to passive |
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54 | (3) |
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57 | (3) |
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3.4 Commands (the imperative) |
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60 | (4) |
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62 | (2) |
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4 Phrases and their structure (I) |
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64 | (32) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (15) |
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4.2 The prepositional phrase |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (5) |
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87 | (9) |
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94 | (2) |
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5 Phrases and their structure (II) |
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96 | (26) |
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96 | (7) |
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5.2 Effects of negative, interrogative and passive on the verb phrase |
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103 | (4) |
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107 | (1) |
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5.4 Two- and three-part verbs |
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108 | (14) |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (19) |
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122 | (1) |
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6.2 Further aspects of co-ordination |
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123 | (4) |
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127 | (11) |
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6.4 Subordination without conjunctions |
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138 | (3) |
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139 | (2) |
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7 Non-finite clauses in the complex sentence (I): the infinitive |
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141 | (20) |
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141 | (1) |
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7.1 The infinitive clause |
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141 | (2) |
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7.2 The infinitive clause as verb complementation |
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143 | (3) |
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7.3 The subject of an infinitive clause |
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146 | (3) |
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7.4 Some special cases in complementation by infinitive clause |
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149 | (3) |
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7.5 The infinitive clause as subject |
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152 | (2) |
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7.6 Semantics: implicative meanings of catenatives with infinitives |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (6) |
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158 | (3) |
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8 Non-finite clauses in the complex sentence (II): the gerund |
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161 | (27) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (5) |
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8.2 The semantics of the gerund |
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167 | (2) |
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8.3 The gerund clause as catenative complementation |
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169 | (12) |
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8.4 Questions of tense and aspect |
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181 | (3) |
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184 | (4) |
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186 | (2) |
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9 Non-finite clauses in the complex sentence (III): the participles |
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188 | (21) |
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188 | (1) |
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9.1 The present participle and its clause |
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189 | (12) |
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9.2 The past participle and its clause |
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201 | (8) |
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207 | (2) |
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10 The complex phrase (I): the complex noun phrase |
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209 | (22) |
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209 | (2) |
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10.1 Postmodifiers: the relative clause |
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211 | (10) |
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10.2 Postmodifiers: other structures as reduced relative clauses |
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221 | (3) |
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10.3 Postmodifiers: apposition |
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224 | (7) |
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228 | (3) |
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11 The complex phrase (II): complex prepositional and adjective phrases |
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231 | (15) |
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11.0 Complex prepositional and adjective phrases |
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231 | (1) |
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11.1 The complex prepositional phrase |
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232 | (2) |
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11.2 The complex adjective phrase |
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234 | (12) |
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244 | (2) |
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12 Selected clause constructions |
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246 | (15) |
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12.0 Return to sentence-level: particular clause constructions |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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12.2 False subject constructions |
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248 | (3) |
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12.3 Existential sentences |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (2) |
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12.5 Nominal relative clauses |
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255 | (3) |
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12.6 Interrogative clauses |
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258 | (3) |
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259 | (2) |
Bibliography |
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261 | (1) |
Index |
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262 | |