Acknowledgements |
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xi | |
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1 | (24) |
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3 | (9) |
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A social approach to multilingualism |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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How the book is structured |
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8 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 Theoretical and methodological framework |
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12 | (13) |
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The construction of meaning |
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12 | (1) |
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Dominant vs. critical readings |
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13 | (1) |
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Towards an ethnographically based discourse analysis |
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14 | (2) |
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The study of language ideologies |
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16 | (4) |
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20 | (5) |
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Part II Multilingualism within and across languages |
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25 | (42) |
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Chapter 3 What is a language? |
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27 | (12) |
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Discourse models of language |
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27 | (1) |
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What is standard English? |
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28 | (1) |
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`English' is a mere label |
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29 | (1) |
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The fuzzy boundaries of named languages |
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29 | (4) |
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Consequences for teaching |
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33 | (1) |
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Consequences for research: L1, L2, L3, etc. |
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33 | (1) |
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Consequences for research: language death |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Language variation and the spread of global languages |
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39 | (14) |
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39 | (2) |
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Caribbean `nation language' |
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41 | (3) |
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44 | (1) |
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The global spread of English |
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45 | (2) |
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Two French youth languages |
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47 | (2) |
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49 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Revitalization of endangered languages |
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53 | (14) |
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Maori in New Zealand: a revitalization success story |
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54 | (1) |
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Sami and Kven in Norway: differential positionings on the success-failure continuum |
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55 | (1) |
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Hebrew in Israel: the costs of revitalization |
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56 | (2) |
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Breton in France: how (not) to standardize |
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58 | (1) |
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Corsican and the polynomic paradigm |
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59 | (1) |
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Luxembourgish: constructing an endangered language |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (5) |
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Part III Societal and individual multilingualism |
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67 | (38) |
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Chapter 6 Societal multilingualism |
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69 | (13) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (4) |
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Chapter 7 Language and identities |
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82 | (14) |
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82 | (1) |
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Gee's four ways to view identity |
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83 | (1) |
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Identity: a peach or an onion? |
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84 | (1) |
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Ethnic and national identity |
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85 | (1) |
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Code-switching and identity |
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86 | (6) |
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92 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 The interplay between individual and societal multilingualism |
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96 | (9) |
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The Canadian policy of bilingualism and multiculturalism |
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96 | (1) |
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Some consequences for First Nations people |
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97 | (1) |
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Quebec francophone nationalism |
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97 | (1) |
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Individual bilingualism through institutional monolingualism |
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98 | (2) |
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Exclusion through French, inclusion through English |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Conclusion: the commodification of language |
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101 | (4) |
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Part IV Multilingual education |
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105 | (44) |
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Chapter 9 Flexible vs. fixed multilingualism |
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107 | (16) |
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US vs. EU language-in-education policy |
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109 | (6) |
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110 | (3) |
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Case Study 2 Catalonia and the Basque Country |
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113 | (2) |
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Discussion and conclusion: towards flexible multilingualism |
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115 | (8) |
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Chapter 10 Mother tongue education or literacy bridges? |
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123 | (13) |
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The case for mother tongue education: African-American English |
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123 | (3) |
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The case against mother tongue education (in four steps): South Africa |
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126 | (3) |
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The problems with mother tongue education |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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Conclusion: a possible solution for South Africa |
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132 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 Heritage language education |
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136 | (13) |
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From mother tongue education to heritage language education |
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136 | (1) |
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Language and heritage in the United States |
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136 | (2) |
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Language and heritage in England |
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138 | (3) |
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The dominance of the standard language and purist ideologies |
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141 | (1) |
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Discussion and conclusion: implications for the EU policy of multilingualism |
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142 | (7) |
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Part V Critical analysis of discourses |
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149 | (44) |
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Chapter 12 Institutional discourses on language and migration |
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151 | (15) |
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The discourse of integration |
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151 | (8) |
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Language testing and citizenship |
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159 | (2) |
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Conclusion: unpacking the discourses of integration and language testing |
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161 | (5) |
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Chapter 13 Media representations of multilingualism |
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166 | (13) |
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Firwat ass alles schief gaangen?: responses to Luxembourg's PISA results |
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166 | (4) |
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Constructing the UK as an English-only space |
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170 | (2) |
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The English Only movement in the US |
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172 | (3) |
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Conclusion: a historical perspective on the one nation-one language ideology |
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175 | (4) |
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Chapter 14 Linguistic landscape |
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179 | (14) |
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Limitations of (some) linguistic landscape analyses |
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179 | (2) |
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Language contact phenomena on multilingual signs |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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Contextualizing and historicizing linguistic landscapes |
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184 | (3) |
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Exploring the context of reception |
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187 | (1) |
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Discussion and conclusion: discourses in place |
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188 | (5) |
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193 | (10) |
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195 | (8) |
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New research directions in the study of multilingualism |
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196 | (4) |
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Moving into a multilingual future |
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200 | (1) |
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Normalizing multilingualism |
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201 | (2) |
Notes on the activities |
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203 | (3) |
Notes on the quizzes |
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206 | (2) |
Author index |
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208 | (3) |
Subject index |
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211 | |