| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xvi | |
| About the Author |
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xviii | |
| Part I Initial Research Considerations |
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1 | (74) |
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Chapter 1 What Is Educational Research? |
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3 | (16) |
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Finding Answers to Questions |
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3 | (2) |
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5 | (1) |
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Educational Research-What It Is and What It Is Not |
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6 | (3) |
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Educational Research as a Process |
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9 | (6) |
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Knowing Your Specific Discipline |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Overview of the Educational Research Process |
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19 | (10) |
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Identifying and Limiting a Research Topic or Problem |
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20 | (1) |
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Formally Stating and Refining Research Question(s) |
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21 | (1) |
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Reviewing Existing Literature Related to the Problem |
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21 | (1) |
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Writing a Literature Review |
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22 | (1) |
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Developing a Research Plan |
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22 | (1) |
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Implementing the Research Plan and Collecting Data |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Stating Findings, Conclusions, and Recommendations in a Written Research Report |
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24 | (1) |
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The Educational Research Process-A Brief Example |
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24 | (3) |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Identifying a Research Problem |
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29 | (16) |
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Identifying a Research Topic or Problem |
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29 | (5) |
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Preliminary Considerations in Selecting Topics |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Sample Educational Research Topics |
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32 | (2) |
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Necessary Terminology Related to Research |
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34 | (4) |
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Research Questions and Hypotheses |
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38 | (4) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Ethics in Educational Research |
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45 | (11) |
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Ethical Considerations in the Conduct of Research |
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45 | (4) |
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Ethics in Qualitative Versus Quantitative Studies |
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49 | (1) |
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Institutional Review Boards |
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50 | (1) |
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Formal Preparation for Research with Human Participants |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Reviewing Related Research Literature |
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56 | (19) |
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What Is a Literature Review? |
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56 | (2) |
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Sources for Literature Related to Your Research Topic |
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58 | (3) |
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Searching the ERIC Online Database |
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61 | (5) |
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Searching the Google Scholar Online Database |
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66 | (4) |
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Writing Your Literature Review |
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70 | (2) |
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Not Just for Conducting Research-Valuable Sources for Professional Development |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
| Part II Designing A Research Study |
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75 | (90) |
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Chapter 6 Qualitative Research Methods |
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77 | (15) |
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Characteristics of Qualitative Research |
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77 | (2) |
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The Qualitative Research Process |
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79 | (1) |
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Approaches to Conducting Qualitative Research |
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80 | (4) |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Phenomenological Research |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (2) |
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More About Ethnographic Research |
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84 | (3) |
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Topics and Procedures in Ethnographic Research |
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85 | (2) |
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Strengths and Concerns in Ethnographic Research |
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87 | (1) |
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More About Narrative Research |
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87 | (2) |
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Procedures in Narrative Research |
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88 | (1) |
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Strengths and Concerns in Narrative Research |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Quantitative Research Methods |
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92 | (28) |
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Characteristics of Quantitative Research |
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92 | (2) |
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The Quantitative Research Process |
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94 | (1) |
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Nonexperimental Research Designs |
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95 | (11) |
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95 | (6) |
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101 | (2) |
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Causal-Comparative Research |
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103 | (3) |
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Experimental Research Designs |
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106 | (9) |
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108 | (1) |
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Quasi-Experimental Research |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (2) |
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Threats to Validity in Quantitative Designs |
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115 | (2) |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Mixed-Methods Research |
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120 | (14) |
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Characteristics of Mixed-Methods Research |
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120 | (3) |
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The Mixed-Methods Research Process |
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123 | (1) |
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Approaches to Conducting Mixed-Methods Research |
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124 | (6) |
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Mixed-Methods Research Designs |
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124 | (6) |
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Validity in Mixed-Methods Research |
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130 | (1) |
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Strengths and Limitations of Mixed-Methods Research |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Action Research |
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134 | (16) |
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Characteristics of Action Research |
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134 | (5) |
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Approaches to Conducting Action Research |
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138 | (1) |
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The Action Research Process |
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139 | (3) |
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Action Planning and Reflection |
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142 | (2) |
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Validity in Action Research |
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144 | (1) |
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Strengths and Limitations of Action Research |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 Writing a Research Proposal |
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150 | (15) |
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Purpose of a Research Proposal |
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150 | (1) |
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General Aspects of a Research Proposal |
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151 | (1) |
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Components of a Quantitative Research Proposal |
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152 | (4) |
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Components of a Qualitative Research Proposal |
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156 | (3) |
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Proposals for Action Research and Mixed-Methods Studies |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
| Part III Collecting And Analyzing Data |
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165 | (94) |
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Chapter 11 Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis |
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167 | (24) |
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Sampling Techniques in Qualitative Research |
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167 | (2) |
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Qualitative Data Collection Techniques |
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169 | (9) |
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169 | (3) |
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172 | (5) |
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177 | (1) |
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Existing Documents and Records |
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178 | (1) |
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Characteristics of Qualitative Data: Accuracy, Credibility, and Dependability |
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178 | (2) |
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Qualitative Data Analysis Techniques |
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180 | (8) |
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181 | (7) |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Quantitative Data Collection |
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191 | (30) |
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Sampling Techniques in Quantitative Research |
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191 | (9) |
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Probability Sampling Techniques |
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192 | (6) |
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Nonprobability Sampling Techniques |
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198 | (1) |
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Sample Sizes in Quantitative Studies |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (14) |
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Quantitative Data Collection Techniques |
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202 | (1) |
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Surveys, Checklists, and Rating Scales |
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202 | (6) |
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Formative and Summative Classroom Assessments |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (2) |
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Characteristics of Quantitative Data: Validity and Reliability |
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214 | (4) |
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Validity in Quantitative Research |
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214 | (2) |
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Reliability in Quantitative Research |
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216 | (2) |
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Relationship Between Validity and Reliability |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Quantitative Data Analysis |
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221 | (38) |
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Quantitative Data Analysis Techniques |
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221 | (34) |
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Preparing Data for Analysis |
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223 | (2) |
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Selecting a Statistical Analysis Software Program |
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225 | (3) |
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Descriptive Statistical Analysis |
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228 | (12) |
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Inferential Statistical Analysis |
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240 | (14) |
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Cautions in Using Statistics |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (3) |
| Part IV The Research Report |
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259 | (19) |
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Chapter 14 Writing a Final Research Report |
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261 | (17) |
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Importance of the Audience |
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261 | (1) |
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General Guidelines for Writing a Research Report |
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262 | (11) |
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262 | (1) |
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Conventions of Academic-Style Writing Per APA Style |
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263 | (4) |
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267 | (6) |
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Practical Guidelines for Writing |
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273 | (2) |
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An Example of a Research Report |
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275 | (1) |
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276 | (1) |
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276 | (2) |
| Appendix: Teachers' Perceptions of the Influence of No Child Left Behind on Classroom Practices |
|
278 | (17) |
| Glossary |
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295 | (12) |
| References |
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307 | (2) |
| Index |
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309 | |
