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Introduction to Flight 8th edition [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 928 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 239x193x38 mm, kaal: 1540 g, 59 Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2015
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Inc.,US
  • ISBN-10: 0078027675
  • ISBN-13: 9780078027673
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 928 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 239x193x38 mm, kaal: 1540 g, 59 Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2015
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Inc.,US
  • ISBN-10: 0078027675
  • ISBN-13: 9780078027673
Teised raamatud teemal:
Noted for its highly readable style, the new edition of this bestseller provides an updated overview of aeronautical and aerospace engineering. Introduction to Flight blends history and biography with discussion of engineering concepts, and shows the development of flight through this perspective. Anderson covers new developments in flight, including unmanned aerial vehicles, uninhabited combat aerial vehicles, and applications of CFD in aircraft design. Many new and revised problems have been added in this edition. Chapter learning features help readers follow the text discussion while highlighting key engineering and industry applications.

McGraw-Hill's Connect, is also available as an optional, add on item. Connect is the only integrated learning system that empowers students by continuously adapting to deliver precisely what they need, when they need it, how they need it, so that class time is more effective. Connect allows the professor to assign homework, quizzes, and tests easily and automatically grades and records the scores of the student's work. Problems are randomized to prevent sharing of answers an may also have a "multi-step solution" which helps move the students' learning along if they experience difficulty.
About the Author iii
Preface to the Eighth Edition xiii
Preface to the First Edition xvii
Chapter 1 The First Aeronautical Engineers 1(52)
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Very Early Developments
3(3)
1.3 Sir George Cayley (1773-1857)-The True Inventor of the Airplane
6(7)
1.4 The Interregnum-From 1853 to 1891
13(4)
1.5 Otto Lilienthal (1848-1896)-The Glider Man
17(3)
1.6 Percy Pilcher (1867-1899)-Extending The Glider Tradition
20(1)
1.7 Aeronautics Comes to America
21(5)
1.8 Wilbur (1867-1912) and Orville (1871-1948) Wright-Inventors of the First Practical Airplane
26(9)
1.9 The Aeronautical Triangle-Langley, The Wrights, and Glenn Curtiss
35(9)
1.10 The Problem of Propulsion
44(1)
1.11 Faster and Higher
45(3)
1.12 Summary and Review
48(3)
Bibliography
51(2)
Chapter 2 Fundamental Thoughts 53(57)
2.1 Fundamental Physical Quantities of a Flowing Gas
57(5)
2.1.1 Pressure
57(1)
2.1.2 Density
58(1)
2.1.3 Temperature
59(1)
2.1.4 Flow Velocity and Streamlines
60(2)
2.2 The Source of All Aerodynamic Forces
62(2)
2.3 Equation of State for a Perfect Gas
64(2)
2.4 Discussion of Units
66(5)
2.5 Specific Volume
71(11)
2.6 Anatomy of the Airplane
82(10)
2.7 Anatomy of a Space Vehicle
92(9)
2.8 Historical Note: The NACA and NASA
101(3)
2.9 Summary and Review
104(1)
Bibliography
105(1)
Problems
106(4)
Chapter 3 The Standard Atmosphere 110(24)
3.1 Definition of Altitude
112(1)
3.2 Hydrostatic Equation
113(2)
3.3 Relation Between Geopotential and Geometric Altitudes
115(1)
3.4 Definition of the Standard Atmosphere
116(9)
3.5 Pressure, Temperature, and Density Altitudes
125(3)
3.6 Historical Note: The Standard Atmosphere
128(2)
3.7 Summary and Review
130(2)
Bibliography
132(1)
Problems
132(2)
Chapter 4 Basic Aerodynamics 134(154)
4.1 Continuity Equation
138(1)
4.2 Incompressible and Compressible Flow
139(3)
4.3 Momentum Equation
142(4)
4.4 A Comment
146(7)
4.5 Elementary Thermodynamics
153(7)
4.6 Isentropic Flow
160(6)
4.7 Energy Equation
166(7)
4.8 Summary of Equations
173(1)
4.9 Speed of Sound
174(8)
4.10 Low-Speed Subsonic Wind Tunnels
182(6)
4.11 Measurement of Airspeed
188(22)
4.11.1 Incompressible Flow
191(6)
4.11.2 Subsonic Compressible Flow
197(8)
4.11.3 Supersonic Flow
205(5)
4.11.4 Summary
210(1)
4.12 Some Additional Considerations
210(4)
4.12.1 More about Compressible Flow
211(2)
4.12.2 More about Equivalent Airspeed
213(1)
4.13 Supersonic Wind Tunnels and Rocket Engines
214(12)
4.14 Discussion of Compressibility
226(1)
4.15 Introduction to Viscous Flow
227(9)
4.16 Results for a Laminar Boundary Layer
236(5)
4.17 Results for a Turbulent Boundary Layer
241(3)
4.18 Compressibility Effects on Skin Friction
244(3)
4.19 Transition
247(3)
4.20 Flow Separation
250(5)
4.21 Summary of Viscous Effects on Drag
255(2)
4.22 Historical Note: Bernoulli and Euler
257(1)
4.23 Historical Note: The Pitot Tube
258(3)
4.24 Historical Note: The First Wind Tunnels
261(6)
4.25 Historical Note: Osborne Reynolds and his Number
267(4)
4.26 Historical Note: Prandtl and the Development of the Boundary Layer Concept
271(3)
4.27 Summary and Review
274(4)
Bibliography
278(1)
Problems
279(9)
Chapter 5 Airfoils, Wings, and Other Aerodynamic Shapes 288(153)
5.1 Introduction
288(2)
5.2 Airfoil Nomenclature
290(4)
5.3 Lift, Drag, and Moment Coefficients
294(6)
5.4 Airfoil Data
300(15)
5.5 Infinite versus Finite Wings
315(1)
5.6 Pressure Coefficient
316(6)
5.7 Obtaining Lift Coefficient from Cp
322(4)
5.8 Compressibility Correction for Lift Coefficient
326(1)
5.9 Critical Mach Number and Critical Pressure Coefficient
327(12)
5.10 Drag-Divergence Mach Number
339(8)
5.11 Wave Drag (At Supersonic Speeds)
347(10)
5.12 Summary of Airfoil Drag
357(2)
5.13 Finite Wings
359(4)
5.14 Calculation of Induced Drag
363(9)
5.15 Change in the Lift Slope
372(9)
5.16 Swept Wings
381(13)
5.17 Flaps-A Mechanism for High Lift
394(6)
5.18 Aerodynamics of Cylinders and Spheres
400(5)
5.19 How Lift is Produced-Some Alternative Explanations
405(10)
5.20 Historical Note: Airfoils and Wings
415(7)
5.20.1 The Wright Brothers
416(1)
5.20.2 British and U.S. Airfoils (1910-1920)
417(1)
5.20.3 1920-1930
418(1)
5.20.4 Early NACA Four-Digit Airfoils
418(1)
5.20.5 Later NACA Airfoils
419(1)
5.20.6 Modern Airfoil Work
419(1)
5.20.7 Finite Wings
420(2)
5.21 Historical Note: Ernst Mach and his Number
422(4)
5.22 Historical Note: The First Manned Supersonic Flight
426(4)
5.23 Historical Note: The X-15-First Manned Hypersonic Airplane and Stepping-Stone to the Space Shuttle
430(2)
5.24 Summary and Review
432(2)
Bibliography
434(1)
Problems
435(6)
Chapter 6 Elements of Airplane Performance 441(153)
6.1 Introduction: The Drag Polar
441(7)
6.2 Equations of Motion
448(2)
6.3 Thrust Required for Level, Unaccelerated Flight
450(8)
6.4 Thrust Available and Maximum Velocity
458(3)
6.5 Power Required for Level, Unaccelerated Flight
461(5)
6.6 Power Available and Maximum Velocity
466(4)
6.6.1 Reciprocating Engine-Propeller Combination
466(2)
6.6.2 Jet Engine
468(2)
6.7 Altitude Effects on Power Required and Available
470(9)
6.8 Rate of Climb
479(10)
6.9 Gliding Flight
489(4)
6.10 Absolute and Service Ceilings
493(6)
6.11 Time to Climb
499(1)
6.12 Range and Endurance: Propeller-Driven Airplane
500(8)
6.12.1 Physical Considerations
501(1)
6.12.2 Quantitative Formulation
502(2)
6.12.3 Breguet Formulas (Propeller-Driven Airplane)
504(4)
6.13 Range and Endurance: Jet Airplane
508(6)
6.13.1 Physical Considerations
509(1)
6.13.2 Quantitative Formulation
510(4)
6.14 Relations Between CD,o and CD,i
514(8)
6.15 Takeoff Performance
522(6)
6.16 Landing Performance
528(3)
6.17 Turning Flight and the V-n Diagram
531(9)
6.18 Accelerated Rate of Climb (Energy Method)
540(7)
6.19 Special Considerations for Supersonic Airplanes
547(3)
6.20 Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles (UAVs)
550(10)
6.21 Micro Air Vehicles
560(3)
6.22 Quest for Aerodynamic Efficiency
563(8)
6.22.1 Measure of Aerodynamic Efficiency
563(1)
6.22.2 What Dictates the Value of L/D?
564(1)
6.22.3 Sources of Aerodynamic Drag; Drag Reduction
564(5)
6.22.4 Some Innovative Aircraft Configurations for High L/D
569(2)
6.23 A Comment
571(1)
6.24 Historical Note: Drag Reduction-The NACA Cowling and the Fillet
572(4)
6.25 Historical Note: Early Predictions of Airplane Performance
576(2)
6.26 Historical Note: Breguet and the Range Formula
578(1)
6.27 Historical Note: Aircraft Design-Evolution and Revolution
579(5)
6.28 Summary and Review
584(4)
Bibliography
588(1)
Problems
588(6)
Chapter 7 Principles of Stability and Control 594(61)
7.1 Introduction
594(6)
7.2 Definition of Stability and Control
600(5)
7.2.1 Static Stability
601(1)
7.2.2 Dynamic Stability
602(2)
7.2.3 Control
604(1)
7.2.4 Partial Derivative
604(1)
7.3 Moments on the Airplane
605(1)
7.4 Absolute Angle of Attack
606(2)
7.5 Criteria for Longitudinal Static Stability
608(5)
7.6 Quantitative Discussion: Contribution of the Wing to Mcg
613(4)
7.7 Contribution of the Tail to Mpg
617(3)
7.8 Total Pitching Moment About the Center of Gravity
620(2)
7.9 Equations for Longitudinal Static Stability
622(2)
7.10 Neutral Point
624(1)
7.11 Static Margin
625(4)
7.12 Concept of Static Longitudinal Control
629(5)
7.13 Calculation of Elevator Angle to Trim
634(2)
7.14 Stick-Fixed Versus Stick-Free Static Stability
636(1)
7.15 Elevator Hinge Moment
637(2)
7.16 Stick-Free Longitudinal Static Stability
639(4)
7.17 Directional Static Stability
643(1)
7.18 Lateral Static Stability
644(2)
7.19 A Comment
646(1)
7.20 Historical Note: The Wright Brothers Versus the European Philosophy of Stability and Control
647(1)
7.21 Historical Note: The Development of Flight Controls
648(2)
7.22 Historical Note: The "Tuck-Under" Problem
650(1)
7.23 Summary and Review
651(2)
Bibliography
653(1)
Problems
653(2)
Chapter 8 Space Flight (Astronautics) 655(73)
8.1 Introduction
655(7)
8.2 Differential Equations
662(1)
8.3 Lagrange's Equation
663(3)
8.4 Orbit Equation
666(6)
8.4.1 Force and Energy
666(2)
8.4.2 Equation of Motion
668(4)
8.5 Space Vehicle Trajectories-Some Basic Aspects
672(7)
8.6 Kepler's Laws
679(4)
8.7 An Application: The Voyager Spacecraft-Their Design, Flight Trajectories, and Historical Significance
683(4)
8.8 Introduction to Earth and Planetary Entry
687(3)
8.9 Exponential Atmosphere
690(1)
8.10 General Equations of Motion for Atmospheric Entry
690(4)
8.11 Application to Ballistic Entry
694(6)
8.12 Entry Heating
700(8)
8.13 Lifting Entry, with Application to the Space Shuttle
708(4)
8.14 Historical Note: Kepler
712(2)
8.15 Historical Note: Newton and the Law of Gravitation
714(2)
8.16 Historical Note: Lagrange
716(1)
8.17 Historical Note: Unmanned Space Flight
716(5)
8.18 Historical Note: Manned Space Flight
721(2)
8.19 Summary and Review
723(2)
Bibliography
725(1)
Problems
725(3)
Chapter 9 Propulsion 728(87)
9.1 Introduction
728(3)
9.2 Propeller
731(7)
9.3 Reciprocating Engine
738(11)
9.4 Jet Propulsion-The Thrust Equation
749(3)
9.5 Turbojet Engine
752(11)
9.5.1 Thrust Buildup for a Turbojet Engine
757(6)
9.6 Turbofan Engine
763(2)
9.7 Ramjet Engine
765(4)
9.8 Rocket Engine
769(7)
9.9 Rocket Propellants-Some Considerations
776(6)
9.9.1 Liquid Propellants
776(3)
9.9.2 Solid Propellants
779(2)
9.9.3 A Comment
781(1)
9.10 Rocket Equation
782(1)
9.11 Rocket Staging
783(4)
9.12 Quest for Engine Efficiency
787(5)
9.12.1 Propulsive Efficiency
788(3)
9.12.2 The Green Engine
791(1)
9.13 Electric Propulsion
792(3)
9.13.1 Electron-Ion Thruster
792(1)
9.13.2 Magnetoplasmadynamic Thruster
793(1)
9.13.3 Arc-Jet Thruster
793(1)
9.13.4 A Comment
794(1)
9.14 Historical Note: Early Propeller Development
795(2)
9.15 Historical Note: Early Development of the Internal Combustion Engine for Aviation
797(3)
9.16 Historical Note: Inventors of Early Jet Engines
800(3)
9.17 Historical Note: Early History of Rocket Engines
803(6)
9.18 Summary and Review
809(1)
Bibliography
810(1)
Problems
811(4)
Chapter 10 Hypersonic Vehicles 815(32)
10.1 Introduction
815(4)
10.2 Physical Aspects of Hypersonic Flow
819(8)
10.2.1 Thin Shock Layers
819(1)
10.2.2 Entropy Layer
820(1)
10.2.3 Viscous Interaction
821(1)
10.2.4 High-Temperature Effects
822(1)
10.2.5 Low-Density Flow
823(4)
10.2.6 Recapitulation
827(1)
10.3 Newtonian Law for Hypersonic Flow
827(6)
10.4 Some Comments About Hypersonic-Airplanes
833(11)
10.5 Summary and Review
844(1)
Bibliography
845(1)
Problems
845(2)
Appendix A: Standard Atmosphere, SI Units 847(10)
Appendix B: Standard Atmosphere, English Engineering Units 857(8)
Appendix C: Symbols and Conversion Factors 865(1)
Appendix D: Airfoil Data 866(29)
Answer Key 895(4)
Index 899
John D. Anderson, Jr., was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, on October 1, 1937. He attended the University of Florida, graduating in 1959 with high honors and a Bachelor of Aeronautical Engineering Degree. From 1959 to 1962, he was a Lieutenant and Task Scientist at the Aerospace Research Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. From 1962 to 1966, he attended the Ohio State University under the National Science Foundation and NASA Fellowships, graduating with a PhD in Aeronautical and Astronautical Engineering. In 1966, he joined the U.S. Naval Ordnance Laboratory as Chief of the Hypersonics Group. In 1973, he became Chairman of the Department of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Maryland, and since 1980 has been Professor of Aerospace Engineering at the University of Maryland. In 1982, he was designated a Distinguished Scholar/Teacher by the University. During 19861987, while on sabbatical from the University, Dr. Anderson occupied the Charles Lindbergh Chair at the National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. He continued with the Air and Space Museum one day each week as their Special Assistant for Aerodynamics, doing research and writing on the History of Aerodynamics. In addition to his position as Professor of Aerospace Engineering, in 1993, he was made a full faculty member of the Committee for the History and Philosophy of Science and in 1996 an affiliate member of the History Department at the University of Maryland. In 1996, he became the Glenn L. Martin Distinguished Professor for Education in Aerospace Engineering. In 1999, he retired from the University of Maryland and was appointed Professor Emeritus. He is currently the Curator for Aerodynamics at the National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution.