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Introduction to Geography 15th edition [Pehme köide]

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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 496 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 277x229x15 mm, kaal: 920 g, 479 Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Apr-2017
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Education
  • ISBN-10: 1259570002
  • ISBN-13: 9781259570001
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Introduction to Geography 15th editionSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 496 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 277x229x15 mm, kaal: 920 g, 479 Illustrations
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Apr-2017
  • Kirjastus: McGraw-Hill Education
  • ISBN-10: 1259570002
  • ISBN-13: 9781259570001
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781259570001.html
Märksõnad:
Getis Introduction to Geography is written to clearly and concisely convey the nature of the field of geography, its intellectual challenges, and the logical interconnections of its parts. Even if students take no further work in geography, they will have come into contact with the richness and breadth of Geography and have new insights and understandings for their present and future roles as informed adults. This new edition provides students content and scope of the subfields of geography, emphasize its unifying themes, and provide the foundation for further work in their areas of interest.  A useful textbook must be flexible enough in its organization to permit an instructor to adapt it to the time and subject matter constraints of a particular course. Although Getis Introduction to Geography is designed with a one-quarter or one-semester course in mind, this text may be used in a full-year introduction to geography when employed as a point of departure for special topics and amplifications introduced by the instructor or when supplemented by additional readings and class projects.
Preface x
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(19)
1.1 What Is Geography?
3(1)
1.2 Evolution of the Discipline
3(2)
Subfields of Geography
4(1)
Why Geography Matters
5(1)
1.3 Some Core Geographic Concepts
5(10)
Location, Direction, and Distance
7(2)
Size and Scale
9(1)
Physical and Cultural Attributes
10(1)
Attributes of Place Are Always Changing
11(1)
Interrelations between Places
12(1)
Place Similarity and Regions
13(2)
1.4 Geography's Themes and Standards
15(2)
1.5 Organization of This Book
17(3)
Key Words
19(1)
Thinking Geographically
19(1)
Chapter 2 Techniques of Geographic Analysis
20(26)
2.1 Maps as the Tools of Geography
21(1)
2.2 Locating Points on a Sphere
22(2)
The Geographic Grid
22(2)
Land Survey Systems
24(1)
2.3 Map Projections
24(4)
Area
24(1)
Shape
24(3)
Distance
27(1)
Direction
27(1)
2.4 Scale
28(1)
2.5 Types of Maps
28(7)
Topographic Maps and Terrain Representation
28(3)
Thematic Maps and Data Representation
31(3)
Map Misuse
34(1)
2.6 Contemporary Spatial Technologies
35(6)
Remote Sensing
35(3)
The Global Positioning System
38(2)
Geography & Public Policy: Civilian Spy Satellites
40(1)
Virtual and Interactive Maps
40(1)
2.7 Integrating Technology: Geographic Information Systems
41(5)
Geography & Public Policy: An Invasion of Privacy?
42(1)
The Geographic Database
42(1)
Applications of GIS
43(1)
Systems, Maps, and Models
43(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
45(1)
Key Words
45(1)
Thinking Geographically
45(1)
Chapter 3 Physical Geography: Landforms
46(29)
3.1 Earth Materials
47(2)
Igneous Rocks
47(1)
Sedimentary Rocks
48(1)
Metamorphic Rocks
48(1)
3.2 Geologic Time
49(1)
3.3 Movements of the Continents
49(4)
3.4 Tectonic Forces
53(4)
Diastrophism
53(3)
Volcanism
56(1)
3.5 Gradational Processes
57(14)
Weathering
58(2)
Mass Movement
60(1)
Erosional Agents and Deposition
60(11)
3.6 Landform Regions
71(4)
Geography & Public Policy: Beaches on the Brink
72(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
74(1)
Keywords
74(1)
Thinking Geographically
74(1)
Chapter 4 Physical Geography: Weather and Climate
75(35)
4.1 Air Temperature
77(5)
Earth Inclination
77(2)
Reflection and Reradiation
79(2)
Lapse Rate
81(1)
4.2 Air Pressure and Winds
82(4)
Pressure Gradient Force
82(1)
The Convection System
82(1)
Land and Sea Breezes
83(1)
Mountain and Valley Breezes
83(1)
The Coriolis Effect
83(1)
The Frictional Effect
84(1)
The Global Air-Circulation Pattern
84(2)
4.3 Ocean Currents
86(1)
4.4 Moisture in the Atmosphere
87(7)
Types of Precipitation
88(3)
Storms
91(3)
4.5 Climate Regions
94(11)
Tropical Climates (A)
98(1)
Dryland Climates (B)
99(1)
Humid Midlatitude Climates (C)
100(3)
Humid Continental Climates (D)
103(1)
Arctic Climates (E)
104(1)
Highland Climates (H)
105(1)
4.6 Climate Change
105(5)
Long-Term Climate Change
105(1)
Short-Term Climate Change
106(1)
The Greenhouse Effect and Global Warming
107(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
109(1)
Keywords
109(1)
Thinking Geographically
109(1)
Chapter 5 Population Geography
110(31)
5.1 Population Growth
111(2)
5.2 Population Definitions
113(12)
Birth Rates
113(1)
Fertility Rates
114(3)
Death Rates
117(2)
Population Pyramids
119(4)
Natural Increase and Doubling Times
123(2)
5.3 The Demographic Transition
125(5)
The Western Experience
126(1)
A Divided World, A Converging World
127(2)
Geography & Public Policy: International Population Policies
129(1)
5.4 The Demographic Equation
130(1)
Population Relocation
130(1)
Immigration Impacts
131(1)
5.5 World Population Distribution
131(4)
Population Density
133(1)
Overpopulation?
134(1)
5.6 Population Data and Projections
135(1)
Population Data
135(1)
Population Projections
136(1)
5.7 Population Controls
136(2)
5.8 Population Prospects
138(3)
Momentum
138(1)
Aging
138(1)
Summary of Key Concepts
139(1)
Keywords
140(1)
Thinking Geographically
140(1)
Chapter 6 Cultural Geography
141(44)
6.1 Components of Culture
143(1)
6.2 Subsystems of Culture
144(5)
The Technological Subsystem
144(2)
The Sociological Subsystem
146(2)
The Ideological Subsystem
148(1)
6.3 Interaction of People and Environment
149(2)
Environments as Controls
150(1)
Human Impacts
150(1)
6.4 Culture Change
151(5)
Innovation
152(2)
Diffusion
154(1)
Acculturation
155(1)
6.5 Cultural Diversity
156(1)
6.6 Language
157(8)
Language Spread and Change
158(1)
Standard and Variant Languages
159(2)
Language and Culture
161(4)
6.7 Religion
165(13)
Classification and Distribution of Religions
166(2)
Geography & Public Policy: Changing Place Names
168(1)
The Principal Religions
169(9)
6.8 Ethnicity
178(3)
6.9 Gender and Culture
181(2)
6.10 Other Aspects of Diversity
183(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
184(1)
Keywords
184(1)
Thinking Geographically
184(1)
Chapter 7 Human Interaction
185(29)
7.1 The Definition of Human Interaction
186(1)
7.2 Distance and Human Interaction
187(2)
7.3 Barriers to Interaction
189(1)
7.4 Human Interaction and Innovation
189(1)
7.5 Individual Activity Space
189(4)
Stage in Life
192(1)
Mobility
192(1)
Opportunities
193(1)
7.6 Diffusion and Innovation
193(2)
Contagious Diffusion
193(2)
Hierarchical Diffusion
195(1)
7.7 Human Interaction and Technology
195(2)
Automobiles
196(1)
Telecommunications
196(1)
7.8 Migration
197(12)
Types of Migration
197(3)
Incentives to Migrate
200(4)
Barriers to Migration
204(2)
Geography & Public Policy: Broken Borders
206(1)
Patterns of Migration
207(2)
7.9 Globalization, Integration, and Interaction
209(5)
Economic Integration
209(3)
Political Integration
212(1)
Cultural Integration
212(1)
Summary of Key Concepts
213(1)
Keywords
213(1)
Thinking Geographically
213(1)
Chapter 8 Political Geography
214(33)
8.1 National Political Systems
215(21)
States, Nations, and Nation-States
216(1)
Evolution of the Modern State
217(2)
Challenges to the State
219(1)
Geographic Characteristics of States
220(4)
Boundaries: The Limits of the State
224(6)
Centripetal Forces: Promoting State Cohesion
230(2)
Centrifugal Forces: Challenges to State Authority
232(4)
8.2 Cooperation Among States
236(5)
Supranationalism
236(1)
The United Nations and Its Agencies
237(2)
Regional Alliances
239(2)
8.3 Local and Regional Political Organization
241(6)
The Geography of Representation: The Districting Problem
242(2)
The Fragmentation of Political Power
244(2)
Summary of Key Concepts
246(1)
Keywords
246(1)
Thinking Geographically
246(1)
Chapter 9 Economic Geography: Agriculture and Primary Activities
247(52)
9.1 The Classification of Economic Activity
Economies
248(1)
Categories of Activity
248(2)
Types of Economic Systems
250(1)
Stages of Development
251(2)
9.2 Primary Activities: Agriculture
253(15)
Subsistence Agriculture
255(5)
Expanding Crop Production
260(2)
Commercial Agriculture
262(6)
9.3 Other Primary Activities
268(5)
Fishing
269(2)
Forestry
271(1)
Mining and Quarrying
271(1)
Geography & Public Policy: Public Land, Private Profit
272(1)
9.4 Trade in Primary Products
273(3)
Summary of Key Concepts
274(1)
Key Words
274(1)
Thinking Geographically
274(1)
Chapter 10
Chapter
275(265)
Economic Geography: Manufacturing and Services
275(1)
10.1 Industrial Location Theory
276(8)
Weber's Least-Cost Industrial Location Model
277(2)
Other Locational Considerations
279(5)
10.2 World Manufacturing Patterns and Trends
284(1)
10.3 High-Tech Innovation
285(2)
10.4 Transnational Corporations
287(1)
10.5 Tertiary Activities
288(4)
Types of Service Activities
290(1)
Locational Interdependence Theory for Services
291(1)
10.6 Consumer Services
292(2)
Tourism
292(1)
Geography & Public Policy: Incentives or Bribery
293(1)
Gambling
293(1)
10.7 Business Services
294(5)
Summary of Key Concepts
298(1)
Keywords
298(1)
Thinking Geographically
298(1)
Chapter 11 An Urban World
299(35)
11.1 An Urbanizing World
300(3)
11.2 Origins and Evolution of Cities
303(4)
Defining the City Today
304(1)
The Location of Urban Settlements
305(2)
The Economic Base
307(1)
11.3 Functions of Cities
307(3)
Cities as Central Places
308(1)
Cities as Centers of Production and Services
308(1)
Cities as Centers of Administration and Institutions
308(2)
11.4 Systems of Cities
310(2)
The Urban Hierarchy
310(1)
Rank-Size Relationships
310(2)
World Cities
312(1)
11.5 Inside The City
312(14)
Classic Patterns of Land Use
312(4)
Social Areas of Cities
316(2)
Changes in Urban Form
318(6)
Geography & Public Policy: The Homeless
324(2)
Institutional Controls
326(1)
11.6 Global Urban Diversity
326(8)
Western European Cities
326(1)
Eastern European Cities
327(1)
Rapidly Growing Cities in the Developing World
327(5)
Summary of Key Concepts
332(1)
Keywords
332(1)
Thinking Geographically
332(2)
Chapter 12 The Geography of Natural Resources
334(40)
12.1 Resource Terminology
336(1)
Renewable Resources
336(1)
Nonrenewable Resources
336(1)
Resource Reserves
337(1)
12.2 Energy Resources and Industrialization
337(1)
12.3 Nonrenewable Energy Resources
338(11)
Crude Oil
339(2)
Coal
341(1)
Natural Gas
342(1)
Geography & Public Policy: Fuel Economy and Cafe Standards
343(3)
Oil Shale and Oil Sands
346(1)
Nuclear Energy
347(2)
12.4 Renewable Energy Resources
349(5)
Biomass Fuels
349(1)
Hydropower
350(1)
Solar Energy
351(1)
Other Renewable Energy Resources
352(1)
Geography & Public Policy: Dammed Trouble
353(1)
12.5 Nonfuel Mineral Resources
354(6)
The Distribution of Nonfuel Minerals
358(1)
Copper: A Case Study
359(1)
12.6 Land Resources
360(11)
Soils
360(3)
Wetlands
363(2)
Forest Resources
365(6)
12.7 Resource Management
371(3)
Summary of Key Concepts
372(1)
Keywords
372(1)
Thinking Geographically
373(1)
Chapter 13 Human Impact on the Environment
374(2)
13.1 Ecosystems
376(1)
13.2 Impacts on Water
377(10)
Availability of Water
377(3)
Modification of Streams
380(1)
Water Quality
380(1)
Agricultural Sources of Water Pollution
381(3)
Other Sources of Water Pollution
384(2)
Controlling Water Pollution
386(1)
13.3 Impacts on Air
387(7)
Air Pollutants
387(1)
Factors Affecting Air Pollution
387(2)
Acid Rain
389(1)
Photochemical Smog
390(1)
Depletion of the Ozone Layer
391(1)
Controlling Air Pollution
392(2)
13.4 Impacts on Landforms
394(2)
Landforms Produced by Excavation
394(2)
Landforms Produced by Dumping
396(1)
Subsidence
396(1)
13.5 Impacts on Plants and Animals
396(8)
Habitat Loss or Alteration
397(1)
Geography & Public Policy: Mountaintop Removal: Good or Bad?
398(1)
Hunting and Commercial Exploitation
398(2)
Introduction of Exotic Species
400(2)
Poisoning and Contamination
402(1)
Preserving Biodiversity
403(1)
13.6 Waste Management
404(1)
Municipal Waste
404(3)
Geography & Public Policy: Environmental Justice
407(1)
Geography & Public Policy: Yucca Mountain
408(3)
Hazardous and Radioactive Wastes
411(1)
Summary of Key Concepts
412(1)
Keywords
413(1)
Thinking Geographically
413
Appendices 1(1)
Glossary 1(1)
Index 1
Mark Bjelland is professor of geography at Calvin University





David H. Kaplan is a professor of geography at Kent State University. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin at Madison and his B.A. from The Johns Hopkins University. Dr. Kaplan has published over 40 peer-reviewed articles and chapters, and he has seven books published: Segregation in Cities, Nested Identities, Boundaries and Place, Urban Geography, Landscapes of the Ethnic Economy, Perthes World Atlas, and the four-volume Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview. His research interests include nationalism, borderlands, ethnic and racial segregation, urban and regional development, housing and finance, and transportation. In his free time, he enjoys spending time with his family, cooking, bicycling, skiing, and gaining a deep appreciation of different places.





Jon C. Malinowski received his B.S. in foreign service from the Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service at Georgetown University and earned his M.A. and Ph.D. in geography from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has been a member of the geography faculty at the United States Military Academy at West Point since 1995. In addition to scholarly articles, he is the co-author of several books, including geography texts and trade books on summer camp and West Points changing landscape. His research interests have focused on spatial cognition, childrens geographies, and cultural geography and he has taught courses on Asia, North America, the Middle East and Africa, world regional geography, human geography, behavioral geography, economic geography, and the historical geography of the Hudson Valley. In addition to teaching and research, Dr. Malinowski has held administrative positions in the Environmental Perception and Behavioral Geography Specialty Group of the Association of American Geographers and in the Geography Program at the Academy. He also serves as a member of the Board of Directors for YMCA Camp Belknap in Tuftonboro, New Hampshire.





Arthur Getis is Distinguished Professor of Geography Emeritus at San Diego State University