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Introduction To Heterogeneous Catalysis Second Edition [Kõva köide]

(Eth Zurich, Switzerland), (Dalian Univ Of Technology, China), (Syngaschem Bv, The Netherlands), (Tianjin Univ Of Science And Technology, China)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 412 pages
  • Sari: Advanced Textbooks in Chemistry 2
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jul-2022
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Europe Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1800611501
  • ISBN-13: 9781800611504
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 412 pages
  • Sari: Advanced Textbooks in Chemistry 2
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Jul-2022
  • Kirjastus: World Scientific Europe Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1800611501
  • ISBN-13: 9781800611504
Teised raamatud teemal:

Catalysis is a multidisciplinary subject. This book introduces the chemical, materials, and engineering principles of catalysis so that both MSc and PhD students with a basic but not extensive knowledge of chemistry and physics and those with a basic understanding of chemical engineering can learn more about catalysis. Examples are taken from catalytic reactions and catalysts used in the energy, petroleum, and base-chemicals industry. The second edition differs from the first edition in the way basic topics are integrated with catalytic applications. The authors introduce two new chapters: ""Cleaning of Fuels by Hydrotreating"" and ""Electrocatalysis"". Hydrotreating is a very important industrial process and offers the opportunity to discuss metal sulfide catalysts. Electrocatalysis gains more and more attention because it can be used to minimize the anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Solar, wind, and hydroelectricity can drive water electrolysis and CO2 electroreduction and, therefore, excess renewable electricity can be stored in chemicals. Introduction to Heterogeneous Catalysis (Second Edition) is intended for a one-semester course for master and PhD students who want to learn more about the principles of catalysis. This must-read textbook will enable students to read catalysis literature without much difficulty and presents not only the basic concepts of catalysis but integrates the chemical, materials, and engineering aspects of catalysis with industry examples.

Preface v
About the Authors ix
1 Introduction 1(26)
1.1 Catalysis and Catalysts
1(2)
1.2 Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Catalysis
3(4)
1.3 Production of Ammonia
7(17)
1.3.1 Kinetics and Thermodynamics
9(3)
1.3.2 Activity, Selectivity and Stability
12(3)
1.3.3 H2 Production
15(5)
1.3.4 Ammonia Synthesis
20(4)
1.4 Relevance of Catalysis
24(1)
References
25(1)
Questions
26(1)
2 Catalyst Preparation and Characterisation 27(46)
2.1 Supported Catalysts
27(4)
2.2 Crystal Structures
31(5)
2.2.1 Crystal Lattices
31(2)
2.2.2 X-ray Diffraction
33(3)
2.3 Aluminas
36(20)
2.3.1 Aluminium Hydroxides and Oxyhydroxides
36(3)
2.3.2 Transition Aluminas
39(4)
2.3.3 α-Al2O3
43(1)
2.3.4 γ-Al2O3
44(3)
2.3.5 Surface of γ-Al2O3
47(26)
2.3.5.1 Lewis acid sites
47(4)
2.3.5.2 Bronsted acid sites
51(3)
2.3.5.3 Surface reconstruction
54(2)
2.4 Silica
56(2)
2.5 Preparation of Supported Catalysts
58(4)
References
62(9)
Questions
71(2)
3 Adsorption 73(28)
3.1 Physisorption
73(14)
3.1.1 Adsorption on Surfaces
75(2)
3.1.2 Langmuir Adsorption Isotherm
77(4)
3.1.3 Multilayer Adsorption, BET
81(6)
3.2 Surface Diffusion
87(2)
3.3 Chemisorption
89(9)
3.3.1 Chemical Bonding
89(7)
3.3.2 Dissociative Chemisorption
96(2)
References
98(1)
Questions
99(2)
4 Kinetics 101(20)
4.1 Langmuir-Hinshelwood Model
101(7)
4.1.1 Monomolecular Reaction
101(5)
4.1.1.1 Surface reaction is rate-determining
103(2)
4.1.1.2 Adsorption of the reactant or product is rate-determining
105(1)
4.1.2 Bimolecular Reaction
106(2)
4.2 Influence of Diffusion
108(8)
4.3 Bifunctional Catalysis
116(3)
References
119(1)
Questions
119(2)
5 Metal Surfaces 121(22)
5.1 Surface Structures
121(3)
5.2 Surface Analysis
124(6)
5.2.1 X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy
124(4)
5.2.2 Auger Electron Spectroscopy
128(1)
5.2.3 Surface Sensitivity
129(1)
5.3 Surface Enrichment
130(4)
5.4 Metal Binding
134(5)
References
139(2)
Questions
141(2)
6 Metal Catalysis 143(40)
6.1 Dissociation of H2
144(3)
6.2 Hydrogenation of Ethene
147(4)
6.3 Synthesis of CO and H2
151(2)
6.4 Hydrogenation of CO
153(16)
6.4.1 CO Hydrogenation to Hydrocarbons
153(11)
6.4.1.1 CO dissociation
153(4)
6.4.1.2 Met hanat ion
157(2)
6.4.1.3 Fischer-Tropsch reaction
159(5)
6.4.2 Hydrogenation of CO and CO2 to Methanol
164(5)
6.4.2.1 CO hydrogenation to methanol
164(3)
6.4.2.2 CO2 hydrogenation to methanol
167(2)
6.5 Hydrogenation of N2 to Ammonia
169(4)
6.5.1 Fe Catalyst
169(3)
6.5.2 Ru Catalyst
172(1)
6.6 Volcano Curves
173(4)
References
177(4)
Questions
181(2)
7 Catalysis by Solid Acids 183(62)
7.1 Solid Acid Catalysts
183(13)
7.1.1 Zeolites
183(10)
7.1.2 Amorphous Silica-Alumina
193(3)
7.2 Reactions of Hydrocarbons
196(16)
7.2.1 Reactions of Alkenes and Alkanes
196(10)
7.2.2 Isomerisation of Pentane, Hexane and Butene
206(6)
7.3 Alcohols from Alkenes
212(2)
7.4 Alkylation of Aromatics
214(9)
7.4.1 Ethylation and Propylation of Benzene
214(4)
7.4.2 Methylation of Toluene
218(3)
7.4.3 Isomerisation, Disproportionation, Transalkylation
221(2)
7.5 Gasoline Production
223(15)
7.5.1 Fluid Catalytic Cracking and Hydrocracking
223(5)
7.5.2 Methanol to Hydrocarbons
228(5)
7.5.3 Reforming of Hydrocarbons by Bifunctional Catalysis
233(5)
References
238(4)
Questions
242(3)
8 Cleaning of Fuels by Hydrotreating 245(36)
8.1 Hydrotreating
245(1)
8.2 Hydrotreating Catalysts
246(10)
8.2.1 Metal Sulfides
246(7)
8.2.1.1 Structure of sulfided Co-Mo/Al2O3 and Ni-Mo/Al2O3
246(4)
8.2.1.2 Active sites
250(3)
8.2.2 Metal Phosphides
253(3)
8.3 Reaction Mechanisms
256(12)
8.3.1 Hydrodesulfurisation
256(4)
8.3.2 Hydro denitrogenation
260(3)
8.3.3 Hydrodeoxygenation
263(3)
8.3.4 Hydrotreating of Mixtures
266(2)
8.4 Hydrotreating Processes
268(7)
8.4.1 Hydrodesulfurisation of Naphtha
269(1)
8.4.2 Hydrotreating of Diesel
270(2)
8.4.3 Residue Hydroconversion
272(3)
References
275(5)
Questions
280(1)
9 Oxidation Catalysis 281(40)
9.1 CO Oxidation
281(9)
9.1.1 Mechanism
281(7)
9.1.2 Three-way Catalysis
288(2)
9.2 Production of Sulfuric and Nitric Acid
290(6)
9.2.1 Sulfuric Acid
290(2)
9.2.2 Nitric Acid
292(1)
9.2.3 Selective Catalytic Reduction
293(3)
9.3 Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
296(15)
9.3.1 Oxidation by Oxygen
297(5)
9.3.2 Oxidation by Hydroperoxide
302(4)
9.3.3 Selective Partial Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
306(17)
9.3.3.1 Oxidation of propene to acrylic acid and acrylonitrile
306(3)
9.3.3.2 Oxidation of C4 and C6 molecules
309(2)
9.4 Platform Chemicals
311(5)
References
316(2)
Questions
318(3)
10 Electrocatalysis 321(36)
10.1 Introduction
321(2)
10.2 Fundamental Aspects
323(9)
10.2.1 Electrochemical Cells
323(2)
10.2.2 Cell and Electrode Potentials
325(1)
10.2.3 The Nernst Equation
326(1)
10.2.4 Overpotential
327(2)
10.2.5 Electrode Kinetics
329(3)
10.3 Experimental Methods and Techniques
332(7)
10.3.1 Three-Electrode Cell Configuration
332(1)
10.3.2 Techniques for Electrocatalyst Evaluation
333(2)
10.3.3 Linear Sweep Voltammetry and Cyclic Voltammetry
335(1)
10.3.4 Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy
336(1)
10.3.5 Rotating Disc Electrode
337(1)
10.3.6 The Electrochemically Active Surface Area
338(1)
10.4 Electrocatalysis for the Production of Sustainable Fuels and Chemicals
339(13)
10.4.1 Development of Electrocatalysts
339(3)
10.4.2 Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
342(3)
10.4.3 Oxygen Evolution Reaction
345(2)
10.4.4 CO2 Electroreduction
347(3)
10.4.5 Other Electrochemical Processes
350(2)
References
352(3)
Questions
355(2)
Answers 357
Index 37