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Introduction to Modeling Cognitive Processes [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 256 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, 49
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Feb-2022
  • Kirjastus: MIT Press
  • ISBN-10: 0262045362
  • ISBN-13: 9780262045360
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 256 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, 49
  • Ilmumisaeg: 01-Feb-2022
  • Kirjastus: MIT Press
  • ISBN-10: 0262045362
  • ISBN-13: 9780262045360
Teised raamatud teemal:
"A broad introductory treatment of cognitive modeling for students and researchers who want an accessible primer"--

An introduction to computational modeling for cognitive neuroscientists, covering both foundational work and recent developments. 

Cognitive neuroscientists need sophisticated conceptual tools to make sense of their field’s proliferation of novel theories, methods, and data. Computational modeling is such a tool, enabling researchers to turn theories into precise formulations. This book offers a mathematically gentle and theoretically unified introduction to modeling cognitive processes. Theoretical exercises of varying degrees of difficulty throughout help readers develop their modeling skills.
 
After a general introduction to cognitive modeling and optimization, the book covers models of decision making; supervised learning algorithms, including Hebbian learning, delta rule, and backpropagation; the statistical model analysis methods of model parameter estimation and model evaluation; the three recent cognitive modeling approaches of reinforcement learning, unsupervised learning, and Bayesian models; and models of social interaction. All mathematical concepts are introduced gradually, with no background in advanced topics required. Hints and solutions for exercises and a glossary follow the main text. All code in the book is Python, with the Spyder editor in the Anaconda environment. A GitHub repository with Python files enables readers to access the computer code used and start programming themselves. The book is suitable as an introduction to modeling cognitive processes for students across a range of disciplines and as a reference for researchers interested in a broad overview.
Preface and Acknowledgments ix
1 What Is Cognitive Modeling?
1(16)
The Use of Models
1(4)
Time Scales of Modeling
5(1)
Striving for a Goal
6(2)
Optimization
8(5)
TensorFlow
13(1)
Minimizing Energy or Getting Groceries
14(3)
2 Decision Making
17(20)
Minimization in Activation Space
17(4)
A Minimal Energy Model
21(4)
Cooperative and Competitive Interactions in Visual Word Recognition
25(2)
The Hopfield Model
27(3)
Harmony Theory
30(1)
Solving Puzzles with the Hopfield Model
31(1)
Human Memory and the Hopfield Model
32(1)
The Diffusion Model
33(2)
The Diffusion Model in Psychology
35(2)
3 Hebbian Learning
37(16)
The Hebbian Learning Rule
37(3)
Biology of the Hebbian Learning Rule
40(1)
Hebbian Learning in Matrix Notation
41(3)
Memory Storage in the Hopfield Model
44(4)
Hebbian Learning in Models of Human Memory
48(5)
4 The Delta Rule
53(16)
The Delta Rule in Two-Layer Networks
53(5)
The Geometry of the Delta Rule
58(3)
The Delta Rule in Cognitive Science
61(5)
The Rise, Fall, and Return of the Delta Rule
66(3)
5 Multilayer Networks
69(20)
Geometric Intuition of the Multilayer Model
69(3)
Generalizing the Delta Rule: Backpropagation
72(2)
Some Drawbacks of Backpropagation
74(2)
Varieties of Backpropagation
76(6)
Networks and Statistical Models
82(1)
Multilayer Networks in Cognitive Science: The Case of Semantic Cognition
83(2)
Criticisms of Neural Networks
85(4)
6 Estimating Parameters in Computational Models
89(18)
Parameter Space Exploration
89(2)
Parameter Estimation by Error Minimization
91(1)
Parameter Estimation by the Maximum Likelihood Method
92(7)
Applications
99(8)
7 Testing and Comparing Computational Models
107(16)
Model Testing
108(6)
Model Testing across Modalities
114(2)
Model Comparison
116(4)
Applications of Model Comparison
120(3)
8 Reinforcement Learning: The Gradient Ascent Approach
123(10)
Gradient Ascent Reinforcement Learning in a Two-Layer Model
124(2)
An N-Armed Bandit
126(1)
A General Algorithm
127(2)
Backpropagating RL Errors
129(1)
Three- and Four-Term RL Algorithms: Attention for Learning
130(3)
9 Reinforcement Learning: The Markov Decision Process Approach
133(20)
The MDP Formalism
134(4)
Finding an Optimal Policy
138(1)
Value Estimation
138(5)
Policy Updating
143(1)
Policy Iteration
143(1)
Exploration and Exploitation in Reinforcement Learning
143(2)
Applications
145(4)
Combining Gradient-Ascent and MDP Approaches
149(2)
Reinforcement Learning for Human Cognition?
151(1)
Open AI Gym
152(1)
10 Unsupervised Learning
153(20)
Unsupervised Hebbian Learning
153(3)
Competitive Learning
156(2)
Kohonen Learning
158(3)
Auto-Encoders
161(1)
Boltzmann Machines
162(4)
Restricted Boltzmann Machines
166(7)
11 Bayesian Models
173(18)
Bayesian Statistics
173(6)
The Rational Approach
179(3)
Bayesian Models of Cognition
182(9)
12 Interacting Organisms
191(12)
Social Decision Making
192(1)
Combining Information
193(1)
Game Theory
193(5)
Cultural Transmission and the Evolution of Languages
198(3)
To Conclude
201(2)
Conventions and Notation 203(2)
Glossary 205(2)
Hints and Solutions to Select Exercises 207(10)
Notes 217(2)
References 219(24)
Index 243