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Introduction to Physical Hydrology [Pehme köide]

(Faculty of Geosciences, Utrecht University)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 352 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 245x190x15 mm, kaal: 684 g, 180 colour line drawings
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Jan-2010
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199296847
  • ISBN-13: 9780199296842
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  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 352 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 245x190x15 mm, kaal: 684 g, 180 colour line drawings
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Jan-2010
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199296847
  • ISBN-13: 9780199296842
Teised raamatud teemal:
Water dominates our lives: we live on a planet with much water and our lives depend on it in many ways. Despite the seeming abundance of water on the planet - with over 70% being salt water - human activity and prevailing climate conditions are placing more pressure on our supply of water than ever before, however. With this pressure comes a need to understand the physical principles of hydrology - the study of the occurrence, movement, and physical properties of non-oceanic water on and below the earth's surface - an understanding that can then be applied to water management and related innovations.

Introduction to Physical Hydrology provides a solid grounding in the principles of the subject. Exploring the principal rules that govern the flow of water on the land, it considers the four major types of water: atmospheric, ground, soil, and surface. It gives insights into the major hydrological processes, and shows how the principles of physical hydrology inform our understanding of climate and global hydrology - the large-scale study of hydrology with which we need to grapple to fully understand the impact of the climate on water supply.

The study of physical properties is done most effectively through mathematical representations of concepts and processes. Introduction to Physical Hydrology includes a carefully-developed and class-tested learning framework: an extensive range of examples and exercises, and further maths support in the form of a series of Maths Toolboxes help the reader engage with and understand the maths required to master the subject.

With hydrology now being approached from environmental and social perspectives, in addition to the more traditional physical geography and civil engineering perspectives, there has never been a more important time to develop a sound understanding of the subject. Introduction to Physical Hydrology is the perfect course companion while you develop this understanding.

Online Resources The online resources to accompany Introduction to Physical Hydrology feature:

For registered adopters of the book: · Figures from the book, available to download

For students: · A series of interactive spreadsheets related to topics introduced in the book · A selection of multiple-choice questions to help check your understanding of the key concepts covered. · A library of web links · Groundwater hydraulics test - three exercises to test your knowledge of section 3.15

Arvustused

I think it is the best textbook for undergraduates that I have seen so far. I am very fond of your examples, your exercise material and the treatment of mathematics. * Professor Hubert Savenije, Delft University of Technology * Excellent mathematical tools, and boxes that bring extra knowledge and interesting applications. A pleasure to read. * Dr Roger Thunvik, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden * A detailed and thorough review of the physical principles of hydrology... case studies and examples as 'boxes', and student exercises (along with all important answers) makes this student textbook a useful addition to the literature available in this subject area. * Dr Ian Maddock, Principal Lecturer in Physical Geography, University of Worcester * The enterprise of Hendriks in writing this book represents an ambitious and difficult task, with the self-stated objective being to provide 'a combined approach to hydrology from environmental and social perspectives, in addition to the more traditional physical geography and civil engineering perspectives'. This approach works well and is likely to be well received by those wishing to rapidly immerse themselves in this field with little or no prior knowledge. It is an ideal introductory text for undergraduates in hydrology. * Joan Estrany, University of the Balearic Islands, Spain *

Welcome to the book xi
Table of SI units xvii
Figure acknowledgements xix
1 Introduction 1
1.1 Major water types
1
1.2 The hydrological cycle
3
1.3 Drainage basin hydrological processes
6
1.4 The water balance
9
Summary
12
2 Atmospheric water 14
Introduction
14
2.1 Cloud formation
14
2.2 Generation of precipitation
20
2.3 Precipitation types
21
2.4 Measuring precipitation
27
2.5 Areal precipitation
30
2.6 Evaporation types and measurement
32
2.7 Estimating evaporation: Penman-Monteith
34
Summary
47
3 Groundwater 49
Introduction
49
3.1 Misconceptions
51
3.2 Drilling a hole...
51
3.3 Bernoulli to the aid
52
3.4 Aqui...
55
3.5 Effective infiltration velocity and infiltration rate
58
3.6 The soil as a wet sponge
61
3.7 Brothers in science: Darcy and Ohm
62
3.8 Refracting the water
77
3.9 Keep it simple and confined
80
3.10 Continuity and its consequences
85
3.11 Going Dutch
92
3.12 Flow nets
96
3.13 Groundwater flow regimes and systems
99
3.14 Fresh and saline: Ghijben-Herzberg
104
3.15 Groundwater hydraulics
106
Summary
138
4 Soil water 141
Introduction
141
4.1 Negative water pressures
142
4.2 Determining the total potential
146
4.3 The soil as a dry filter paper or a wet sponge
148
4.4 The soil moisture characteristic
151
4.5 Drying and wetting: hysteresis
160
4.6 Unsaturated water flow
163
4.7 Moving up: capillary rise and evaporation
167
4.8 Moving down: infiltration and percolation
169
4.9 Preferential flow
190
Summary
196
5 Surface water 200
Introduction
200
5.1 Bernoulli revisited
202
5.2 Measuring stage, water velocity, and discharge
225
5.3 Hydrograph analysis
244
5.4 Conceptual rainfall-runoff models
252
5.5 Variable source area hydrology
263
Summary
274
Epilogue 277
C Conceptual toolkit 278
C1 If you cannot do the maths
278
C2 Mathematical differentiation and integration
280
C3 Quick reference to some differentiation rules
290
M Mathematics toolboxes 291
M1 Confined aquifer. horizontal flow
291
M2 Unconfined aquifer horizontal flow
292
M3 Leaky aquifer inverse landscape
293
M4 Unconfined aquifer with recharge: canals with equal water levels
296
M5 Unconfined aquifer with recharge: streams with different water levels
297
M6 Confined aquifer radial-symmetric flow
299
M7 Unconfined aquifer radial-symmetric flow
301
M8 Derivation of the Richards equation
303
M9 Other forms of the Richards equation
305
M10 Open channel flow
307
A Answers to the exercises 308
References 317
Index 323
Martin Hendriks is Associate Professor of Physical Hydrology at Utrecht University, where he teaches hydrology and physical geography at all levels, and co-ordinates their MSc programme in Physical Geography and Hydrology.