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Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 474 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 794 g, 500+; 4 Tables, black and white; 95 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Chapman & Hall/CRC: The R Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Mar-2009
  • Kirjastus: Chapman & Hall/CRC
  • ISBN-10: 1420068725
  • ISBN-13: 9781420068726
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  • Formaat: Hardback, 474 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 794 g, 500+; 4 Tables, black and white; 95 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Chapman & Hall/CRC: The R Series
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Mar-2009
  • Kirjastus: Chapman & Hall/CRC
  • ISBN-10: 1420068725
  • ISBN-13: 9781420068726
Teised raamatud teemal:
The textbook is for a one-year undergraduate course introducing scientific programming and stochastic modeling to science, engineering, or business students who have completed or are concurrently taking a first-year university-level calculus course. No previous knowledge of programming or probability is assumed. They integrate programming and probability right from the start. Assuming their students are more interested making tools rather than just using them, they do not explain the programming features of the R programming language, just how to turn algorithms into code. A software package is available with most of the code and data in the text. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Known for its versatility, the free programming language R is widely used for statistical computing and graphics, but is also a fully functional programming language well suited to scientific programming.

An Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R teaches the skills needed to perform scientific programming while also introducing stochastic modelling. Stochastic modelling in particular, and mathematical modelling in general, are intimately linked to scientific programming because the numerical techniques of scientific programming enable the practical application of mathematical models to real-world problems.

Following a natural progression that assumes no prior knowledge of programming or probability, the book is organised into four main sections:

  • Programming In R starts with how to obtain and install R (for Windows, MacOS, and Unix platforms), then tackles basic calculations and program flow, before progressing to function based programming, data structures, graphics, and object-oriented code
  • A Primer on Numerical Mathematics introduces concepts of numerical accuracy and program efficiency in the context of root-finding, integration, and optimization
  • A Self-contained Introduction to Probability Theory takes readers as far as the Weak Law of Large Numbers and the Central Limit Theorem, equipping them for point and interval estimation
  • Simulation teaches how to generate univariate random variables, do Monte-Carlo integration, and variance reduction techniques

In the last section, stochastic modelling is introduced using extensive case studies on epidemics, inventory management, and plant dispersal. A tried and tested pedagogic approach is employed throughout, with numerous examples, exercises, and a suite of practice projects. Unlike most guides to R, this volume is not about the application of statistical techniques, but rather shows how to turn algorithms into code. It is for those who want to make tools, not just use them.

Arvustused

This book is a good resource for someone who wants to learn R and use R for statistical computing and graphics. It will also serve well as a textbook or a reference book for students in a course related to computational statistics. Hon Keung Tony Ng, Technometrics, May 2011



a very coherent and useful account of its chosen subject matter. The programming section is more comprehensive than Braun & Murdoch (2007), but more accessible than Venables & Ripley (2000). The book deserves a place on university library shelves One very useful feature of the book is that nearly every chapter has a set of exercises. There are also plenty of well-chosen examples throughout the book that are used to explain the material. I also appreciated the clear and attractive programming style of the R code presented in the book. I found very little in the way of typos or solecisms. I can strongly recommend the book for its intended audience. If I ever again have to teach our stochastic modelling course, I will undoubtedly use some of the exercises and examples from Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R. David Scott, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 2011



It is not often that I think that a statistics text is one that most scientifc statisticians should have in their personal libraries. Introduction to Scientific Programming and Simulation Using R is such a text. This text provides scientific researchers with a working knowledge of R for both reviewing and for engaging in the statistical evaluation of scientific data. It is particularly useful for understanding and developing modeling and simulation software. I highly recommend the text, finding it to be one of the most useful books I have read on the subject. Journal of Statistical Software, September 2010, Volume 36



The authors have written an excellent introduction to scientific programming with R. Their clear prose, logical structure, well-documented code and realistic examples made the book a pleasure to read. One particularly useful feature is the chapter of cases studies at the end, which not only demonstrates complete analyses but also acts as a pedagogical tool to review and integrate material introduced throughout the book. I would strongly recommend this book for readers interested in using R for simulations, particularly for those new to scientific programming or R. It is also very student-friendly and would be suitable either as a course textbook or for self-study. Significance, September 2009



I think that the techniques of scientific programming presented will soon enable the novice to apply statistical models to real-world problems. The writing style is easy to read and the book is suitable for private study. If you have never read a book on scientific programming and simulation, then I recommend that you start with this one. International Statistical Review, 2009

Part I: PROGRAMMING





Setting Up


Installing R


Starting R


Working Directory


Writing Scripts


Help


Supporting Material





R as a Calculating Environment


Arithmetic


Variables


Functions


Vectors


Missing data


Expressions and assignments


Logical expressions


Matrices


The workspace





Basic Programming


Introduction


Branching with if


Looping with for


Looping with while


Vector-based programming


Program flow


Basic debugging


Good programming habits





I/O: Input and Output


Text


Input from a file


Input from the keyboard


Output to a file


Plotting





Programming with Functions


Functions


Scope and its consequences


Optional arguments and default values


Vector-based programming using functions


Recursive programming


Debugging functions





Sophisticated Data Structures


Factors


Dataframes


Lists


The apply family





Better Graphics


Introduction


Graphics parameters: par


Graphical augmentation


Mathematical typesetting


Permanence


Grouped graphs: lattice


3D-plots





Pointers to Further Programming Techniques


Packages


Frames and environments


Debugging again


Object-oriented programming: S3


Object-oriented programming: S4


Compiled code


Further reading





Part II: NUMERICAL TECHNIQUES





Numerical Accuracy and Program Efficiency


Machine representation of numbers


Significant digits


Time


Loops versus vectors


Memory


Caveat





Root-Finding


Introduction


Fixed-point iteration


The Newton-Raphson method


The secant method


The bisection method





Numerical Integration


Trapezoidal rule


Simpsons rule


Adaptive quadrature





Optimisation


Newtons method for optimisation


The golden-section method


Multivariate optimisation


Steepest ascent


Newtons method in higher dimensions


Optimisation in R and the wider world


A curve fitting example





Part III: PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS





Probability


The probability axioms


Conditional probability


Independence


The Law of Total Probability


Bayes theorem





Random Variables


Definition and distribution function


Discrete and continuous random variables


Empirical cdfs and histograms


Expectation and finite approximations


Transformations


Variance and standard deviation


The Weak Law of Large Numbers





Discrete Random Variables


Discrete random variables in R


Bernoulli distribution


Geometric distribution


Negative binomial distribution


Poisson distribution





Continuous Random Variables


Continuous random variables in R


Uniform distribution 282


Lifetime models: exponential and Weibull


The Poisson process and the gamma distribution


Sampling distributions: normal, x2, and t





Parameter Estimation


Point Estimation


The Central Limit Theorem


Confidence intervals


Monte-Carlo confidence intervals





Part IV: SIMULATION





Simulation


Simulating iid uniform samples


Simulating discrete random variables


Inversion method for continuous rv


Rejection method for continuous rv


Simulating normals





Monte-Carlo Integration


Hit-and-miss method


(Improved) Monte-Carlo integration








Variance Reduction


Antithetic sampling


Importance sampling


Control variates





Case Studies


Introduction


Epidemics


Inventory


Seed dispersal





Student Projects


The level of a dam


Roulette


Buffons needle and cross


Insurance risk


Squash


Stock prices





Glossary of R commands


Programs and functions developed in the text


Index
University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia