Preface to the Third Edition |
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xv | |
Acknowledgments |
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xvii | |
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Part I Basic Concepts and Equations of Fluid Dynamics |
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1 | (44) |
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1 Introduction to the Fluid Model |
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3 | (12) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Description of the Flow-Field |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Volume Forces and Surface Forces |
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7 | (3) |
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1.4 Relative Motion Near a Point |
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10 | (3) |
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1.5 Stress--Strain Relations |
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13 | (2) |
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2 Equations of Fluid Flows |
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15 | (12) |
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2.1 The Transport Theorem |
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16 | (2) |
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2.2 The Material Derivative |
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18 | (1) |
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2.3 The Law of Conservation of Mass |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (3) |
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2.6 The Equation of Vorticity |
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22 | (1) |
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2.7 The Incompressible Fluid |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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2.9 A Program for Analysis of the Governing Equations |
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25 | (2) |
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3 Hamiltonian Formulation of Fluid-Flow Problems |
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27 | (12) |
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3.1 Hamiltonian Dynamics of Continuous Systems |
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28 | (4) |
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3.2 Three-Dimensional Incompressible Flows |
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32 | (3) |
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3.3 Two-Dimensional Incompressible Flows |
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35 | (4) |
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4 Surface Tension Effects |
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39 | (6) |
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4.1 Shape of the Interface between Two Fluids |
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39 | (2) |
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4.2 Capillary Rises in Liquids |
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41 | (4) |
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Part II Dynamics of Incompressible Fluid Flows |
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45 | (252) |
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5 Fluid Kinematics and Dynamics |
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47 | (24) |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (1) |
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5.4 Capillary Waves on a Spherical Drop |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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5.6 Rates of Change of Material Integrals |
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55 | (2) |
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5.7 The Kelvin Circulation Theorem |
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57 | (1) |
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5.8 The Irrotational Flow |
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58 | (4) |
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62 | (9) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (3) |
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66 | (1) |
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(iv) Doublet in a Uniform Stream |
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66 | (1) |
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(v) Uniform Flow Past a Circular Cylinder with Circulation |
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67 | (4) |
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6 The Complex-Variable Method |
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71 | (28) |
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6.1 The Complex Potential |
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71 | (3) |
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6.2 Conformal Mapping of Flows |
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74 | (8) |
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82 | (2) |
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6.4 Principles of Free-Streamline Flow |
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84 | (15) |
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(i) Schwarz-Christoffel Transformation |
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84 | (9) |
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93 | (6) |
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7 Three-Dimensional Irrotational Flows |
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99 | (16) |
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7.1 Special Singular Solutions |
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99 | (5) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (3) |
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104 | (1) |
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7.3 Image of a Source in a Sphere |
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105 | (2) |
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7.4 Flow Past an Arbitrary Body |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (2) |
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7.6 Renormalized (or Added) Mass of Bodies Moving through a Fluid |
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111 | (4) |
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115 | (28) |
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115 | (2) |
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8.2 Induced Velocity Field |
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117 | (1) |
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117 | (4) |
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8.4 von Karman Vortex Street |
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121 | (3) |
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124 | (5) |
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8.6 Hill's Spherical Vortex |
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129 | (2) |
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131 | (4) |
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8.8 Vortex Breakdown: Brooke Benjamin's Theory |
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135 | (8) |
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143 | (24) |
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9.1 Governing Equations and Elementary Results |
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143 | (1) |
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9.2 Taylor-Proudman Theorem |
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144 | (2) |
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9.3 Propagation of Inertial Waves in a Rotating Fluid |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (3) |
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9.5 Forced Wavemotion in a Rotating Fluid |
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150 | (5) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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9.6 Slow Motion along the Axis of Rotation |
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155 | (5) |
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160 | (7) |
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167 | (74) |
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168 | (1) |
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10.2 A Variational Principle for Surface Waves |
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169 | (2) |
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10.3 Water Waves in a Semi-Infinite Fluid |
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171 | (1) |
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10.4 Water Waves in a Fluid Layer of Finite Depth |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (2) |
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(i) Analogy with Gas Dynamics |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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10.6 Water Waves Generated by an Initial Displacement over a Localized Region |
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176 | (6) |
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10.7 Waves on a Steady Stream |
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182 | (6) |
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(i) One-Dimensional Gravity Waves |
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183 | (1) |
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(ii) One-Dimensional Capillary-Gravity Waves |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (3) |
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10.8 Gravity Waves in a Rotating Fluid |
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188 | (5) |
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193 | (2) |
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195 | (7) |
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195 | (4) |
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(ii) The Dam-Break Problem |
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199 | (3) |
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10.11 Nonlinear Shallow-Water Waves |
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202 | (28) |
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206 | (2) |
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(ii) Periodic Cnoidal Waves |
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208 | (6) |
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(iii) Interacting Solitary Waves |
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214 | (5) |
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219 | (1) |
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(v) Modulational Instability and Envelope Solutions |
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220 | (10) |
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10.12 Nonlinear Capillary-Gravity Waves |
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230 | (11) |
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(i) Resonant Three-Wave Interactions |
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230 | (5) |
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(ii) Second-Harmonic Resonance |
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235 | (6) |
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11 Applications to Aerodynamics |
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241 | (56) |
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11.1 Airfoil Theory: Method of Complex Variables |
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242 | (17) |
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(i) Force and Moments on an Arbitrary Body |
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242 | (3) |
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(ii) Flow Past an Arbitrary Cylinder |
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245 | (3) |
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(iii) Flow Around a Flat Plate |
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248 | (2) |
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(iv) Flow Past an Airfoil |
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250 | (3) |
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(v) The Joukowski Transformation |
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253 | (6) |
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259 | (16) |
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262 | (2) |
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264 | (5) |
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(iii) Flat Plate at an Angle of Attack |
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269 | (2) |
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(iv) Combined Aerodynamic Characteristics |
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271 | (1) |
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(v) The Leading-Edge Problem of a Thin Airfoil |
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271 | (4) |
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275 | (2) |
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11.4 Prandtl's Lifting-Line Theory for Wings |
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277 | (5) |
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11.5 Oscillating Thin-Airfoil Problem: Theodorsen's Theory |
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282 | (15) |
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Part III Dynamics of Compressible Fluid Flows |
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297 | (142) |
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12 Review of Thermodynamics |
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299 | (10) |
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12.1 Thermodynamic System and Variables of State |
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299 | (1) |
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12.2 The First Law of Thermodynamics and Reversible and Irreversible Processes |
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300 | (3) |
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12.3 The Second Law of Thermodynamics |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (3) |
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12.5 Liquid and Gaseous Phases |
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307 | (2) |
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13 Isentropic Fluid Flows |
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309 | (8) |
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13.1 Applications of Thermodynamics to Fluid Flows |
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309 | (1) |
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13.2 Linear Sound Wave Propagation |
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310 | (1) |
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310 | (2) |
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13.4 Stream-Tube Area and Flow Velocity Relations |
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312 | (5) |
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317 | (26) |
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317 | (2) |
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14.2 Streamline Coordinates |
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319 | (1) |
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14.3 Conical Flows: Prandtl-Meyer Flow |
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320 | (4) |
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14.4 Small Perturbation Theory |
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324 | (2) |
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326 | (17) |
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(i) Compatibility Conditions in Streamline Coordinates |
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328 | (3) |
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(ii) A Singular-Perturbation Problem for Hyperbolic Systems |
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331 | (12) |
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15 Nonlinear Theory of Plane Sound Waves |
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343 | (28) |
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343 | (1) |
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15.2 Simple Wave Solutions |
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344 | (8) |
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15.3 Nonlinear Propagation of a Sound Wave |
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352 | (3) |
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15.4 Nonlinear Resonant Three-Wave Interactions of Sound Waves |
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355 | (6) |
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361 | (10) |
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371 | (22) |
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16.1 The Normal Shock Wave |
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371 | (13) |
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16.2 The Oblique Shock Wave |
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384 | (3) |
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16.3 Blast Waves: Taylor's Self-similarity and Sedov's Exact Solution |
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387 | (6) |
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393 | (18) |
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17.1 The Hodograph Transformation of Potential Flow Equations |
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393 | (1) |
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17.2 The Chaplygin Equation |
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394 | (2) |
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17.3 The Tangent-Gas Approximation |
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396 | (5) |
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401 | (1) |
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402 | (9) |
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18 Applications to Aerodynamics |
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411 | (28) |
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411 | (9) |
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(i) Thin Airfoil in Linearized Supersonic Flows |
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411 | (3) |
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(ii) Far-Field Behavior of Supersonic Flow Past a Thin Airfoil |
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414 | (3) |
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(iii) Thin Airfoil in Transonic Flows |
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417 | (3) |
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18.2 Slender Bodies of Revolution |
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420 | (7) |
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18.3 Oscillating Thin Airfoil in Subsonic Flows: Possio's Theory |
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427 | (8) |
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18.4 Oscillating Thin Airfoils in Supersonic Flows: Stewartson's Theory |
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435 | (4) |
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Part IV Dynamics of Viscous Fluid Flows |
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439 | (106) |
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19 Exact Solutions to Equations of Viscous Fluid Flows |
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441 | (28) |
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442 | (1) |
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19.2 Decay of a Line Vortex: The Lamb-Oseen Vortex |
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443 | (3) |
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19.3 Line Vortex in a Uniform Stream |
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446 | (1) |
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19.4 Diffusion of a Localized Vorticity Distribution |
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446 | (5) |
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451 | (2) |
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19.6 Flow Due to a Suddenly Accelerated Plane |
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453 | (3) |
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19.7 The Round Laminar Jet: Landau-Squire Solution |
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456 | (3) |
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19.8 Ekman Layer at a Free Surface in a Rotating Fluid |
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459 | (3) |
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19.9 Centrifugal Flow Due to a Rotating Disk: von Karman Solution |
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462 | (2) |
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19.10 Shock Structure: Becker's Solution |
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464 | (3) |
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19.11 Couette Flow of a Gas |
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467 | (2) |
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20 Flows at Low Reynolds Numbers |
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469 | (20) |
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20.1 Dimensional Analysis |
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469 | (1) |
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20.2 Stokes' Flow Past a Rigid Sphere: Stokes' Formula |
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470 | (4) |
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20.3 Stokes' Flow Past a Spherical Drop |
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474 | (4) |
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20.4 Stokes' Flow Past a Rigid Circular Cylinder: Stokes' Paradox |
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478 | (1) |
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20.5 Oseen's Flow Past a Rigid Sphere |
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479 | (4) |
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20.6 Oseen's Approximation for Periodically Oscillating Wakes |
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483 | (6) |
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21 Flows at High Reynolds Numbers |
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489 | (40) |
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21.1 Prandtl's Boundary-Layer Concept |
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489 | (1) |
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21.2 The Method of Matched Asymptotic Expansions |
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490 | (7) |
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21.3 Location and Nature of the Boundary Layers |
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497 | (3) |
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21.4 Incompressible Flow Past a Flat Plate |
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500 | (9) |
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501 | (1) |
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502 | (5) |
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(iii) Flow Due to Displacement Thickness |
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507 | (2) |
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21.5 Separation of Flow in a Boundary Layer: Landau's Theory |
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509 | (3) |
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21.6 Boundary Layers in Compressible Flows |
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512 | (5) |
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514 | (2) |
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(ii) Flow Past a Flat Plate: Howarth-Dorodnitsyn Transformation |
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516 | (1) |
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21.7 Flow in a Mixing Layer between Two Parallel Streams |
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517 | (4) |
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(i) Geometrical Characteristics of the Mixing Flow |
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520 | (1) |
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21.8 Narrow Jet: Bickley's Solution |
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521 | (3) |
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524 | (1) |
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21.10 Periodic Boundary Layer Flows |
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524 | (5) |
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529 | (16) |
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529 | (6) |
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(i) Only ex Is Real and Positive |
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531 | (1) |
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(ii) e1, e2, and e3 Are Real and Distinct |
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532 | (3) |
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22.2 Flows at Low Reynolds Numbers |
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535 | (6) |
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22.3 Flows at High Reynolds Numbers |
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541 | (4) |
References |
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545 | (4) |
Bibliography |
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549 | (2) |
Index |
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551 | |