Preface |
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xi | |
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xv | |
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xix | |
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xxi | |
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List of Conversion Factors |
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xxiii | |
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1 Design of Thermo-Fluids Systems |
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1 | (4) |
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1.1 Engineering Design---Definition |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Types of Design in Thermo-Fluid Science |
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1 | (1) |
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1.3 Difference between Design and Analysis |
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2 | (1) |
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1.4 Classification of Design |
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2 | (1) |
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1.5 General Steps in Design |
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2 | (1) |
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1.6 Abridged Steps in the Design Process |
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2 | (3) |
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2 Air Distribution Systems |
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5 | (68) |
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2.1 Fluid Mechanics---A Brief Review |
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5 | (7) |
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5 | (7) |
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2.2 Air Duct Sizing---Special Design Considerations |
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12 | (6) |
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2.2.1 General Considerations |
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12 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Sizing Straight Rectangular Air Ducts |
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13 | (5) |
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2.2.3 Use of an Air Duct Calculator to Size Rectangular Air Ducts |
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18 | (1) |
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2.3 Minor Head Loss in a Run of Pipe or Duct |
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18 | (2) |
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2.4 Minor Losses in the Design of Air Duct Systems---Equal Friction Method |
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20 | (24) |
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2.5 Fans---Brief Overview and Selection Procedures |
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44 | (10) |
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2.5.1 Classification and Terminology |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (2) |
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2.5.4 Fan Selection from Manufacturer's Data or Performance Curves |
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48 | (3) |
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51 | (3) |
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2.6 Design for Advanced Technology---Small Duct High-Velocity (SDHV) Air Distribution Systems |
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54 | (19) |
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66 | (6) |
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References and Further Reading |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (54) |
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3.1 Liquid Piping Systems |
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73 | (1) |
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3.2 Minor Losses: Fittings and Valves in Liquid Piping Systems |
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73 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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3.2.3 A Typical Piping System---A Closed-Loop Fuel Oil Piping System |
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75 | (1) |
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3.3 Sizing Liquid Piping Systems |
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75 | (8) |
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3.3.1 General Design Considerations |
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75 | (2) |
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3.3.2 Pipe Data for Building Water Systems |
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77 | (6) |
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3.4 Fluid Machines (Pumps) and Pump-Pipe Matching |
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83 | (20) |
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3.4.1 Classifications and Terminology |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (3) |
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3.4.4 Pump Performance and System Curves |
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86 | (2) |
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3.4.5 Pump Performance Curves for a Family of Pumps |
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88 | (1) |
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3.4.6 A Manufacturer's Performance Plot for a Family of Centrifugal Pumps |
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89 | (3) |
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3.4.7 Cavitation and Net Positive Suction Head |
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92 | (5) |
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3.4.8 Pump Scaling Laws: Nondimensional Pump Parameters |
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97 | (1) |
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3.4.9 Application of the Nondimensional Pump Parameters---Affinity Laws |
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98 | (1) |
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3.4.10 Nondimensional Form of the Pump Efficiency |
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99 | (4) |
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3.5 Design of Piping Systems Complete with In-Line or Base-Mounted Pumps |
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103 | (24) |
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3.5.1 Open-Loop Piping System |
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103 | (8) |
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3.5.2 Closed-Loop Piping System |
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111 | (10) |
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121 | (5) |
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References and Further Reading |
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126 | (1) |
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4 Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design |
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127 | (86) |
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4.1 Definition and Requirements |
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127 | (1) |
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4.2 Types of Heat Exchangers |
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127 | (3) |
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4.2.1 Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers |
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127 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Compact Heat Exchangers |
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129 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers |
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129 | (1) |
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4.3 The Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient |
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130 | (8) |
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4.3.1 The Thermal Resistance Network for Plane Walls---Brief Review |
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132 | (4) |
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4.3.2 Thermal Resistance from Fouling---The Fouling Factor |
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136 | (2) |
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4.4 The Convection Heat Transfer Coefficients---Forced Convection |
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138 | (4) |
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4.4.1 Nusselt Number---Fully Developed Internal Laminar Flows |
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139 | (1) |
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4.4.2 Nusselt Number---Developing Internal Laminar Flows---Correlation Equation |
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139 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Nusselt Number---Turbulent Flows in Smooth Tubes: Dittus-Boelter Equation |
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141 | (1) |
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4.4.4 Nusselt Number---Turbulent Flows in Smooth Tubes: Gnielinski's Equation |
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141 | (1) |
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4.5 Heat Exchanger Analysis |
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142 | (5) |
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4.5.1 Preliminary Considerations |
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142 | (1) |
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4.5.2 Axial Temperature Variation in the Working Fluids---Single Phase Flow |
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143 | (4) |
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4.6 Heat Exchanger Design and Performance Analysis: Part 1 |
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147 | (10) |
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4.6.1 The Log-Mean Temperature Difference Method |
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147 | (1) |
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4.6.2 The Effectiveness-Number of Transfer Units Method: Introduction |
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148 | (1) |
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4.6.3 The Effectiveness-Number of Transfer Units Method: ε-NTU Relations |
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149 | (2) |
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4.6.4 Comments on the Number of Transfer Units and the Capacity Ratio (c) |
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151 | (5) |
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4.6.5 Procedures for the ε-NTU Method |
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156 | (1) |
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4.6.6 Heat Exchanger Design Considerations |
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157 | (1) |
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4.7 Heat Exchanger Design and Performance Analysis: Part 2 |
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157 | (45) |
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4.7.1 External Flow over Bare Tubes in Cross Flow---Equations and Charts |
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157 | (5) |
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4.7.2 External Flow over Tube Banks---Pressure Drop |
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162 | (13) |
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4.7.3 External Flow over Finned-Tubes in Cross Flow---Equations and Charts |
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175 | (27) |
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4.8 Manufacturer's Catalog Sheets for Heat Exchanger Selection |
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202 | (11) |
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208 | (3) |
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References and Further Reading |
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211 | (2) |
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5 Applications of Heat Exchangers in Systems |
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213 | (54) |
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5.1 Operation of a Heat Exchanger in a Plasma Spraying System |
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213 | (3) |
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5.2 Components and General Operation of a Hot Water Heating System |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (10) |
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217 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Operation and Components of a Typical Boiler |
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218 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Water Boiler Sizing |
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220 | (4) |
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5.3.4 Boiler Capacity Ratings |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (1) |
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5.4 Design of Hydronic Heating Systems c/w Baseboards or Finned-Tube Heaters |
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227 | (9) |
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5.4.1 Zoning and Types of Systems |
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227 | (1) |
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5.4.2 One-Pipe Series Loop System |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (4) |
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5.4.4 Baseboard and Finned-Tube Heaters |
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233 | (3) |
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5.5 Design Considerations for Hot Water Heating Systems |
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236 | (31) |
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258 | (7) |
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References and Further Reading |
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265 | (2) |
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6 Performance Analysis of Power Plant Systems |
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267 | (72) |
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6.1 Thermodynamic Cycles for Power Generation---Brief Review |
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267 | (4) |
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6.1.1 Types of Power Cycles |
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267 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Vapor Power Cycles---Ideal Carnot Cycle |
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268 | (1) |
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6.1.3 Vapor Power Cycles---Ideal Rankine Cycle for Steam Power Plants |
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268 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Vapor Power Cycles---Ideal Regenerative Rankine Cycle for Steam Power Plants |
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269 | (2) |
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6.2 Real Steam Power Plants---General Considerations |
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271 | (1) |
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6.3 Steam-Turbine Internal Efficiency and Expansion Lines |
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272 | (8) |
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6.4 Closed Feedwater Heaters (Surface Heaters) |
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280 | (2) |
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282 | (4) |
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6.5.1 Steam-Turbine Internal Efficiency and Exhaust End Losses |
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282 | (2) |
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6.5.2 Casing and Shaft Arrangements of Large Steam Turbines |
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284 | (2) |
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6.6 Turbine-Cycle Heat Balance and Heat and Mass Balance Diagrams |
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286 | (2) |
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6.7 Steam-Turbine Power Plant System Performance Analysis Considerations |
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288 | (12) |
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6.8 Second-Law Analysis of Steam-Turbine Power Plants |
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300 | (7) |
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6.9 Gas-Turbine Power Plant Systems |
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307 | (17) |
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6.9.1 The Ideal Brayton Cycle for Gas-Turbine Power Plant Systems |
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307 | (2) |
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6.9.2 Real Gas-Turbine Power Plant Systems |
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309 | (3) |
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6.9.3 Regenerative Gas-Turbine Power Plant Systems |
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312 | (1) |
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6.9.4 Operation and Performance of Gas-Turbine Power Plants---Practical Considerations |
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313 | (11) |
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6.10 Combined-Cycle Power Plant Systems |
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324 | (15) |
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6.10.1 The Waste Heat Recovery Boiler |
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325 | (7) |
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332 | (6) |
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References and Further Reading |
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338 | (1) |
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Appendix A Pipe and Duct Systems |
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339 | (26) |
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Appendix B Symbols for Drawings |
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365 | (8) |
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Appendix C Heat Exchanger Design |
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373 | (10) |
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Appendix D Design Project--- Possible Solution |
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383 | (30) |
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D.1 Fuel Oil Piping System Design |
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383 | (30) |
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Appendix E Applicable Standards and Codes |
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413 | (2) |
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Appendix F Equipment Manufacturers |
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415 | (2) |
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Appendix G General Design Checklists |
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417 | (4) |
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G.1 Air and Exhaust Duct Systems |
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417 | (1) |
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G.2 Liquid Piping Systems |
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418 | (1) |
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G.3 Heat Exchangers, Boilers, and Water Heaters |
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419 | (2) |
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421 | |