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1.1 Turbulent Dynamical Systems for Complex Systems: Basic Issues for Prediction, Uncertainty Quantification, and State Estimation |
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1.2 Detailed Structure and Energy Conservation Principles |
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2 Prototype Examples of Complex Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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2.1 Turbulent Dynamical Systems for Complex Geophysical Flows: One-Layer Model |
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2.2 The L-96 Model as a Turbulent Dynamical System |
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2.3 Statistical Triad Models, the Building Blocks of Complex Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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2.4 More Rich Examples of Complex Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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2.4.1 Quantitative Models |
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3 The Mathematical Theory of Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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3.1 Nontrivial Turbulent Dynamical Systems with a Gaussian Invariant Measure |
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3.2 Exact Equations for the Mean and Co variance of the Fluctuations |
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3.2.1 Turbulent Dynamical Systems with Non-Gaussian Statistical Steady States and Nontrivial Third-Order Moments |
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3.2.2 Statistical Dynamics in the L-96 Model and Statistical Energy Conservation |
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3.2.3 One-Layer Geophysical Model as a Turbulent Dynamical System |
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3.3 A Statistical Energy Conservation Principle for Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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3.3.1 Details About Deterministic Triad Energy Conservation Symmetry |
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3.3.2 A Generalized Statistical Energy Identity |
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3.3.3 Enhanced Dissipation of the Statistical Mean Energy, the Statistical Energy Principle, and "Eddy Viscosity" |
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3.3.4 Stochastic Lyapunov Functions for One-Layer Turbulent Geophysical Flows |
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3.4 Geometric Ergodicity for Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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4 Statistical Prediction and UQ for Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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4.1.1 Low-Order Truncation Methods for UQ and Their Limitations |
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4.1.2 The Gaussian Closure Method for Statistical Prediction |
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4.1.3 A Fundamental Limitation of the Gaussian Closure Method |
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4.2 A Mathematical Strategy for Imperfect Model Selection, Calibration, and Accurate Prediction: Blending Information Theory and Statistical Response Theory |
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4.2.1 Imperfect Model Selection, Empirical Information Theory, and Information Barriers |
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4.2.2 Linear Statistical Response and Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorem for Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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4.2.3 The Calibration and Training Phase Combining Information Theory and Kicked Statistical Response Theory |
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51 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Low-Order Models Illustrating Model Selection, Calibration, and Prediction with UQ |
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53 | (2) |
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4.3 Improving Statistical Prediction and UQ in Complex Turbulent Dynamical Systems by Blending Information Theory and Kicked Statistical Response Theory |
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4.3.1 Models with Consistent Equilibrium Single Point Statistics and Information Barriers |
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4.3.2 Models with Consistent Unperturbed Equilibrium Statistics for Each Mode |
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4.3.3 Calibration and Training Phase |
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4.3.4 Testing Imperfect Model Prediction Skill and UQ with Different Forced Perturbations |
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4.3.5 Reduced-Order Modeling for Complex Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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62 | (3) |
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5 State Estimation, Data Assimilation, or Filtering for Complex Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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5.1 Filtering Noisy Lagrangian Tracers for Random Fluid Flows |
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5.2 State Estimation for Nonlinear Turbulent Dynamical Systems Through Hidden Conditional Gaussian Statistics |
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5.2.1 Examples and Applications of Filtering Turbulent Dynamical Systems as Conditional Gaussian Systems |
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5.3 Finite Ensemble Kalman Filters (EnKF): Applied Practice Mathematical Theory, and New Phenomena |
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5.3.1 EnKF and ESRF Formulation |
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73 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Catastrophic Filter Divergence |
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74 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Rigorous Examples of Catastrophic Filter Divergence |
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5.3.4 Rigorous Nonlinear Stability and Geometric Ergodicity for Finite Ensemble Kalman Filters |
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75 | (1) |
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5.4 Mathematical Strategies and Algorithms for Multi-scale Data Assimilation |
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5.4.1 Conceptual Dynamical Models for Turbulence and Superparameterization |
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5.4.2 Blended Particle Methods with Adaptive Subspaces for Filtering Turbulent Dynamical Systems |
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83 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Extremely Efficient Multi-scale Filtering Algorithms: SPEKF and Dynamic Stochastic Superresolution (DSS) |
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83 | (2) |
References |
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