Preface |
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iii | |
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1 Scientific Investigation |
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1 | (32) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (20) |
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Exercise 1.1 Questions and Hypotheses |
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2 | (2) |
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Exercise 1.2 Designing Experiments to Test Hypotheses |
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4 | (6) |
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Exercise 1.3 Designing an Experiment |
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10 | (4) |
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Exercise 1.4 Presenting and Analyzing Results |
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14 | (6) |
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Exercise 1.5 Interpreting and Communicating Results |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (3) |
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24 | (4) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (4) |
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33 | (28) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (20) |
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Exercise 2.1 The Compound Light Microscope |
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34 | (3) |
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Exercise 2.2 Basic Microscope Techniques |
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37 | (4) |
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Exercise 2.3 The Stereoscopic Microscope |
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41 | (3) |
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Exercise 2.4 The Transmission Electron Microscope |
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44 | (2) |
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Exercise 2.5 The Organization of Cells |
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46 | (7) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (2) |
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56 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (4) |
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61 | (28) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (21) |
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Exercise 3.1 Diffusion of Molecules |
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63 | (4) |
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Exercise 3.2 Osmotic Activity in Cells |
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67 | (6) |
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Exercise 3.3 Investigating Osmolarity of Plant Cells |
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73 | (9) |
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82 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (4) |
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89 | (26) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (18) |
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Exercise 4.1 Experimental Method and the Action of Catechol Oxidase |
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90 | (3) |
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Exercise 4.2 Inhibiting the Action of Catechol Oxidase |
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93 | (3) |
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Exercise 4.3 Influence of Enzyme Concentration, pH, and Temperature on the Activity of Amylase |
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96 | (11) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (4) |
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5 Cellular Respiration and Fermentation |
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115 | (24) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (19) |
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Exercise 5.1 Alcoholic Fermentation |
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118 | (7) |
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Exercise 5.2 Cellular Respiration |
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125 | (7) |
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Exercise 5.3 Designing and Performing Your Open-Inquiry Investigation |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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139 | (22) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (15) |
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Exercise 6.1 The Wavelengths of Light for Photosynthesis |
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140 | (3) |
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Exercise 6.2 Pigments in Photosynthesis |
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143 | (3) |
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Exercise 6.3 Separation and Identification of Plant Pigments by Paper Chromatography |
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146 | (3) |
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Exercise 6.4 Determining the Absorption Spectrum for Leaf Pigments |
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149 | (5) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (4) |
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161 | (30) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (21) |
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Exercise 7.1 Modeling the Cell Cycle and Mitosis in an Animal Cell |
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162 | (5) |
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Exercise 7.2 Observing Mitosis and Cytokinesis in Plant Cells |
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167 | (3) |
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Exercise 7.3 Observing Chromosomes, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis in Animal Cells |
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170 | (3) |
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Exercise 7.4 Modeling Meiosis |
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173 | (6) |
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Exercise 7.5 Meiosis in Sordaria fimicola: A Study of Crossing Over |
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179 | (3) |
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182 | (2) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (1) |
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187 | (4) |
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8 Mendelian Genetics I: Fast Plants |
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191 | (28) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (21) |
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Exercise 8.1 Inheritance of Anthocyanin Gene |
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199 | (4) |
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Exercise 8.2 Inheritance of Plant Color: Green, Yellow-Green, and Purple (Anthocyanin Present) |
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203 | (5) |
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Exercise 8.3 Inheritance of Variegated and Nonvariegated Leaf Color |
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208 | (4) |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (2) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (3) |
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9 Mendelian Genetics II: Drosophila |
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219 | (26) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (17) |
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Exercise 9.1 Establishing the Enzyme Reaction Controls |
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220 | (5) |
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Exercise 9.2 Determining the Pattern of Inheritance of the Aldox Gene |
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225 | (3) |
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Exercise 9.3 Determining Parental Genotypes Using Evidence from Progeny |
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228 | (3) |
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Exercise 9.4 Mapping Genes |
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231 | (5) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (7) |
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245 | (30) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (21) |
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Exercise 10.1 Mapping DNA Using Restriction Enzymes and Electrophoresis |
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248 | (14) |
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Exercise 10.2 Practice Problem for Mapping DNA |
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262 | (4) |
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266 | (2) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (4) |
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11 Population Genetics: The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium |
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275 | (30) |
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275 | (1) |
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275 | (23) |
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Exercise 11.1 Testing Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Using a Bead Model |
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279 | (3) |
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Exercise 11.2 Simulation of Evolutionary Change Using the Bead Model |
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282 | (15) |
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Exercise 11.3 Open-Inquiry Computer Simulation of Evolution |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables |
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301 | (1) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (3) |
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305 | (32) |
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305 | (1) |
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305 | (24) |
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Exercise 12.1 Investigating Characteristics of Bacteria |
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307 | (8) |
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Exercise 12.2 Ecological Succession of Bacteria in Milk |
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315 | (2) |
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Exercise 12.3 Bacteria in the Environment |
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317 | (7) |
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Exercise 12.4 Controlling the Growth of Bacteria |
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324 | (5) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (2) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (4) |
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337 | (34) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (27) |
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Exercise 13.1 Supergroup Excavata |
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340 | (2) |
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Exercise 13.2 Supergroup "SAR" |
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342 | (9) |
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Exercise 13.3 Supergroup Unikonta |
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351 | (4) |
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Exercise 13.4 Supergroup Archaeplastida |
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355 | (6) |
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Exercise 13.5 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation |
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361 | (3) |
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364 | (2) |
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366 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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367 | (4) |
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14 Plant Diversity I: Bryophytes (Nonvascular Plants) and Seedless Vascular Plants |
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371 | (28) |
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371 | (1) |
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371 | (20) |
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Exercise 14.1 Bryophytes (Nonvascular Plants) |
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375 | (6) |
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Exercise 14.2 Seedless Vascular Plants |
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381 | (10) |
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391 | (2) |
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393 | (1) |
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394 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (1) |
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395 | (4) |
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15 Plant Diversity II: Seed Plants |
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399 | (30) |
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399 | (21) |
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Exercise 15.1 Gymnosperms |
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402 | (7) |
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Exercise 15.2 Angiosperms |
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409 | (11) |
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420 | (2) |
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422 | (2) |
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424 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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424 | (1) |
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424 | (1) |
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425 | (4) |
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16 Bioinformatics: Molecular Phylogeny of Plants |
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429 | (20) |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (13) |
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Exercise 16.1 Establishing Molecular Phylogenetic Relationships Among Rubisco Large Subunit Genes |
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432 | (8) |
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Exercise 16.2 Analyzing Phylogenetic Trees and Reporting Results |
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440 | (2) |
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442 | (1) |
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442 | (2) |
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444 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (4) |
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449 | (24) |
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449 | (1) |
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449 | (20) |
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Exercise 17.1 A Survey of Major Fungal Groups |
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451 | (15) |
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Exercise 17.2 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation |
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466 | (3) |
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469 | (1) |
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470 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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470 | (1) |
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470 | (1) |
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470 | (3) |
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18 Animal Diversity I: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Mollusca, and Annelida |
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473 | (26) |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (22) |
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Exercise 18.1 Phylum Porifera---Sponges (Scypha) |
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478 | (3) |
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Exercise 18.2 Phylum Cnidaria---Hydras (Hydra) |
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481 | (3) |
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Exercise 18.3 Phylum Platyhelminthes---Planarians (Dugesia) |
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484 | (3) |
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Exercise 18.4 Phylum Mollusca---Clams |
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487 | (3) |
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Exercise 18.5 Phylum Annelida---Clamworms (Nereis) and Earthworms (Lumbricus terrestris) |
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490 | (5) |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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495 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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497 | (2) |
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19 Animal Diversity II: Nematoda, Arthropoda, Echinodermata, and Chordata |
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499 | (32) |
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Exercise 19.1 Phylum Nematoda---Roundworms (Ascaris) |
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499 | (4) |
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Exercise 19.2 Phylum Arthropoda |
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503 | (7) |
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Exercise 19.3 Phylum Echinodermata---Sea Star |
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510 | (3) |
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Exercise 19.4 Phylum Chordata |
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513 | (7) |
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Reviewing Your Knowledge---Lab Topics 18 and 19 |
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520 | (1) |
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520 | (5) |
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525 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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526 | (1) |
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526 | (1) |
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527 | (4) |
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531 | (32) |
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531 | (1) |
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531 | (25) |
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Exercise 20.1 Plant Morphology |
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535 | (2) |
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Exercise 20.2 Plant Primary Growth and Development |
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537 | (3) |
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Exercise 20.3 Cell Structure of Primary Tissues |
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540 | (12) |
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Exercise 20.4 Structure of Tissues Produced by Secondary Growth |
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552 | (3) |
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Exercise 20.5 Grocery Store Botany: Modifications of Plant Organs |
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555 | (1) |
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556 | (2) |
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558 | (2) |
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560 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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560 | (1) |
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560 | (1) |
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561 | (2) |
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563 | (24) |
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563 | (1) |
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563 | (18) |
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Exercise 21.1 Factors Influencing Seed Germination |
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568 | (3) |
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Exercise 21.2 Plant Growth Regulators: Auxin |
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571 | (4) |
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Exercise 21.3 Plant Growth Regulators: Gibberellins |
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575 | (4) |
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Exercise 21.4 Designing and Performing an Open-Inquiry Investigation |
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579 | (2) |
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581 | (1) |
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581 | (2) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Table |
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583 | (1) |
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584 | (1) |
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584 | (3) |
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22 Vertebrate Anatomy I: The Skin and Digestive System |
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587 | (26) |
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588 | (1) |
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588 | (18) |
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Exercise 22.1 Histology of the Skin |
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592 | (3) |
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Exercise 22.2 Introduction to the Fetal Pig |
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595 | (4) |
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Exercise 22.3 The Digestive System in the Fetal Pig |
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599 | (7) |
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606 | (1) |
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607 | (2) |
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609 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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610 | (1) |
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611 | (1) |
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611 | (2) |
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23 Vertebrate Anatomy II: The Circulatory and Respiratory Systems |
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613 | (24) |
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613 | (1) |
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613 | (18) |
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Exercise 23.1 Glands and Respiratory Structures of the Neck and Thoracic Cavity |
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614 | (1) |
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Exercise 23.2 The Heart and the Pulmonary Blood Circuit |
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615 | (4) |
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Exercise 23.3 The Heart and the Systemic Circuit in the Thorax |
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619 | (2) |
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Exercise 23.4 The Systemic Circuit in the Abdominal Cavity |
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621 | (5) |
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626 | (1) |
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Exercise 23.6 Fetal Pig Circulation |
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627 | (2) |
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Exercise 23.7 Details of the Respiratory System |
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629 | (2) |
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631 | (1) |
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632 | (1) |
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633 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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634 | (1) |
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634 | (1) |
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634 | (3) |
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24 Vertebrate Anatomy III: The Excretory, j Reproductive, and Nervous Systems |
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637 | (28) |
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637 | (1) |
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637 | (24) |
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Exercise 24.1 The Excretory System |
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638 | (3) |
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Exercise 24.2 The Reproductive System |
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641 | (8) |
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Exercise 24.3 Nervous Tissue, the Spinal Cord and Reflex Arc, the Sheep Brain, and the Vertebrate Eye |
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649 | (12) |
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661 | (1) |
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661 | (1) |
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662 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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662 | (1) |
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662 | (1) |
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663 | (2) |
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665 | (34) |
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665 | (1) |
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665 | (26) |
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Exercise 25.1 Development in Echinoderms: Sea Urchin and Sea Star |
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670 | (7) |
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Exercise 25.2 Development in an Amphibian |
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677 | (2) |
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Exercise 25.3 Development in the Zebrafish |
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679 | (5) |
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Exercise 25.4 Development in a Bird: The Chicken |
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684 | (7) |
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691 | (1) |
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692 | (2) |
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694 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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695 | (1) |
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695 | (1) |
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695 | (4) |
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699 | (24) |
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699 | (1) |
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699 | (18) |
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Exercise 26.1 Taxis in Brine Shrimp |
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701 | (3) |
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Exercise 26.2 Kinesis in Pill Bugs |
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704 | (3) |
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Exercise 26.3 Agonistic Display in Male Siamese Fighting Fish |
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707 | (4) |
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Exercise 26.4 Reproductive Behavior in Fruit Flies |
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711 | (4) |
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Exercise 26.5 Designing and Performing Your Open-Inquiry Investigation |
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715 | (2) |
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717 | (1) |
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717 | (2) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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719 | (1) |
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719 | (1) |
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719 | (4) |
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27 Ecology I: Terrestrial Ecology |
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723 | (40) |
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723 | (1) |
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723 | (29) |
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Exercise 27.1 Biotic Components |
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727 | (12) |
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Exercise 27.2 Abiotic Components |
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739 | (4) |
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Exercise 27.3 Data Analysis |
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743 | (9) |
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752 | (1) |
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753 | (2) |
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Optional Exercise: Investigating Weedy Fields |
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755 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, Videos, and Data Tables |
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756 | (1) |
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756 | (1) |
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756 | (7) |
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28 Ecology II: Computer Simulations of a Pond Ecosystem |
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763 | (28) |
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763 | (1) |
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763 | (20) |
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Exercise 28.1 Computer Model of the Pond Ecosystem |
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765 | (9) |
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Exercise 28.2 Investigating the Effects of Disturbance on the Pond Ecosystem |
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774 | (9) |
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783 | (1) |
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784 | (2) |
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786 | (1) |
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Student Media: BioFlix, Activities, Investigations, and Videos |
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786 | (1) |
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786 | (1) |
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787 | (4) |
Appendix A Scientific Writing and Communication |
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791 | (14) |
Appendix B The Metric System |
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805 | (2) |
Appendix C Instrumentation and Techniques |
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807 | (8) |
Appendix D Chi-Square Test |
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815 | (4) |
Appendix E Terminology and Techniques for Dissection |
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819 | |