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Isaiah Saw His Glory: The Use of Isaiah 5253 in John 12 [Kõva köide]

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Isaiah Saw His Glory: The Use of Isaiah 5253 in John 12Suurem pilt
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The influence of Isaiah on John's narrative and theology has long been recognized, but it has yet to receive monograph-length attention. This study is a beginning attempt to fill that void through an examination of the use of Isaiah in the crucial hinge of John's gospel - John 12:1-43. Beginning with a reading of Isaiah 40-55 illustrating a way in which early Christians may have read this important section of Scripture, the bulk of the study examines the pericopes in John 12:1-43, seeking to identify and interpret John's use of Isaiah 52-53. It is concluded that a reading of this well-known Isaianic text rooted within its broader context in Isaiah, together with the mediating influence of other texts - notably Isa 6:9-10 and Zech 9:9-10 - has fueled much Johannine theology, Christology, and ecclesiology. Moreover, mirroring the progression of Isa 52:7-53:1 in John 12 is the author's way of underlining Jesus' identity as the Servant of God and announcing that the second exodus prophesied by Isaiah is secured by the rejection (and death) of Jesus.
List of Illustrations and Tables
xiii
List of Abbreviations
xv
Part I John and Isaiah
1 The Use of Isaiah in the Gospel of John
3(20)
1.1 The Relationship between Isaiah and John
4(8)
1.1.1 Past Research
4(3)
1.1.2 The Use of Isaiah in John's Gospel and in John 12
7(2)
1.1.3 The Use of Isaiah 52--53 in John 12
9(3)
1.2 The Role of John 12 within John's Narrative
12(8)
1.2.1 Literary Overview of the Gospel of John
12(3)
1.2.2 Defining the Literary Limits and Function of John 12
15(4)
1.2.3 The Interpretive Significance of John 12 in John's Gospel
19(1)
1.3 The Purpose and Plan of the Present Study
20(3)
2 Issues for Interpretation
23(14)
2.1 John and the Synoptics
23(4)
2.2 The Hebrew and Greek Scriptures
27(3)
2.3 Identifying Implicit Reference to Isaiah
30(7)
3 Sin, Salvation, and the Servant: A Reading of Isaiah 40--55
37(30)
3.1 Prolegomena
38(3)
3.2 A Reading of Isaiah 40--55
41(15)
3.2.1 Comfort and Persuasion for a New Era: 40:1--31
41(4)
3.2.2 Jacob-Israel, Yahweh's Chosen Servant: 41:1--42:17
45(2)
3.2.3 The Blind and Imprisoned Servant: 42:18--48:22
47(4)
3.2.4 The Servant and Zion-Jerusalem: 49:1--52:12
51(3)
3.2.5 The Servant's Success and Zion's Transformation: 52:13--55:13
54(2)
3.3 The Identity of the Isaianic Servant
56(11)
3.3.1 The Servant and Israel
56(4)
3.3.2 The Servant and the King
60(7)
Part II Explicit Reference to Isaiah in John 12
4 Isaiah and the Hardening of Many in Israel
67(31)
4.1 John's Apologetic Epilogue: John 12:37--50
67(4)
4.2 The Judgment of Hardening: Isaiah 6:9--10
71(11)
4.2.1 Situating the Passage: Isaiah 1--5
71(1)
4.2.2 Isaiah's Cleansing: Isaiah 6:1--7
72(1)
4.2.3 Isaiah's Commissioning: Isaiah 6:8--10
73(5)
4.2.4 Isaiah's Cry: Isaiah 6:11--13
78(4)
4.3 The Use of Isaiah 6:9--10 in Early Jewish Literature
82(1)
4.4 John's Textual Use of Isaiah 6:10
83(6)
4.4.1 1QIsaiaha
84(2)
4.4.2 LXX
86(1)
4.4.3 Targum Isaiah
86(1)
4.4.4 John 12:40
87(2)
4.5 John's Interpretive and Theological Use of Isaiah 6:10
89(6)
4.5.1 Prophetic Fulfillment in the Ministry of Jesus
89(1)
4.5.2 The Subjects of the Verbs and the Speaker in Isaiah 6:10
89(2)
4.5.3 The "Failure" of the Signs
91(2)
4.5.4 Israel as the Blind Servant
93(2)
4.6 Conclusion
95(3)
5 The Judgment of Hardening and the Unbelief Met by Jesus
98(25)
5.1 Common Approaches to John 12:38
98(4)
5.1.1 Incidental Prooftext or Theologically Substantive Contribution?
98(1)
5.1.2 A Digest of Jesus' Discourses and Deeds?
99(2)
5.1.3 The Identity of the Speaker?
101(1)
5.2 Isaiah 53:1 in Its Isaianic Context
102(5)
5.2.1 The Identity of the Speaker
102(2)
5.2.2 The Sense and Referent of
104(1)
5.2.3 The Literary Background of "the Arm of Yahweh"
105(2)
5.2.4 Conclusion
107(1)
5.3 The Use of Isaiah 53:1 in Early Jewish Literature
107(1)
5.4 John's Textual Use of Isaiah 53:1
108(2)
5.5 John's Theological and Interpretive Use of Isaiah 53:1
110(11)
5.5.1 The Identity of the Speaker
110(2)
5.5.2 The Sense and Significance of "Our Report"
112(1)
5.5.3 John's Presentation of Jesus as Isaiah's Servant of the Lord
113(3)
5.5.4 The Function of Isaiah 6:9--10 in John's Servant Reflections
116(5)
5.6 Conclusion
121(2)
6 The Glory That Isaiah Saw
123(14)
6.1 The Antecedent of "These Things" in John 12:41
123(2)
6.2 The "Glory" That Isaiah Saw
125(5)
6.3 The Glory of Yahweh and the Glory of the Servant
130(4)
6.4 Conclusion
134(3)
Part III Implicit Reference to Isaiah in John 12
7 The Servant and Jesus' Hour to Be Lifted Up and Glorified
137(24)
7.1 Overview of John 12:20--36
137(4)
7.2 Interpretation of Isaiah 52:13--15
141(8)
7.3 The Use of Isaiah 52:13--15 in Biblical and Early Jewish Literature
149(2)
7.4 John's Textual Use of Isaiah 52:13--15
151(2)
7.5 John's Interpretive and Theological Use of Isaiah 52:13--15
153(7)
7.5.1 Jesus' Crucifixion as Exaltation
153(1)
7.5.2 Jesus' "Lifting Up" and Gentile Mission
154(3)
7.5.3 The Twofold Contrast of Isaiah 6:9--10 and 52:15
157(3)
7.6 Conclusion
160(1)
8 Isaiah's Servant and Jesus' Entry into Jerusalem
161(26)
8.1 John's Account of the Entry into Jerusalem
162(8)
8.1.1 The Function of the Editorial Frame
163(1)
8.1.2 The (Mis)Understanding of the Crowds
164(4)
8.1.3 The Corrective Action of Jesus
168(2)
8.2 Yahweh's Return to Jerusalem in Isaiah 52:7--12
170(4)
8.2.1 Yahweh's Return as King
170(3)
8.2.2 Worldwide Rejoicing
173(1)
8.3 Isaiah's Servant and Zechariah's King
174(6)
8.4 King, Servant, and the Identity of God: Jesus' Entry into Jerusalem
180(7)
8.4.1 Isaiah 52:7--12 and John 12:9--19
180(1)
8.4.2 Isaiah 52:7--12: An Interpretive Introduction
181(2)
8.4.3 Zechariah 9:9: A Scriptural Key
183(2)
8.4.4 "Fear Not": The Beginning of the Isaianic New Exodus
185(2)
9 Jesus and the Isaianic Herald of Good News
187(25)
9.1 John 12:1--8: The Anointing of Jesus' Feet
187(9)
9.1.1 Overview of John 12:1--8
188(2)
9.1.2 The Question of John's Sources
190(3)
9.1.3 John's Focus on Jesus' Feet
193(3)
9.2 Isaiah 52:7--12: The Herald of Good News
196(8)
9.2.1 Overview of Isaiah 52:7--12
196(2)
9.2.2 Comfort and Redemption in Isaiah
198(3)
9.2.3 The Beautiful Feet of the Herald in Isaiah 52:7
201(1)
9.2.4 The Identity of the Messenger
202(2)
9.3 Early Interpretations of Isaiah 52:7
204(1)
9.4 The Use of Isaiah 52:7 in John 12:1--8
205(7)
10 Conclusion
212(9)
10.1 Summary of Findings
212(2)
10.2 Implications and Further Inquiries
214(7)
10.2.1 John's Use of Isaiah and the Plotline of the Gospel
214(4)
10.2.2 John's Use of Scripture
218(1)
10.2.3 John and the "Johannine Community"
219(2)
Bibliography 221(23)
Index of Ancient Sources 244(21)
Index of Authors and Historical Persons 265(7)
Index of Subjects and Biblical Characters 272
Daniel J. Brendsel, Grace Church of DuPage, Warrenville, IL, USA.