Preface |
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ix | |
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1 | (10) |
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1.1 Introduction to Iterative Learning Control |
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1 | (4) |
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1.1.1 Contraction-Mapping Approach |
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3 | (1) |
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1.1.2 Composite Energy Function Approach |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Introduction to MAS Coordination |
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5 | (2) |
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1.3 Motivation and Overview |
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7 | (2) |
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1.4 Common Notations in This Book |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Optimal Iterative Learning Control for Multi-agent Consensus Tracking |
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11 | (16) |
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11 | (1) |
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2.2 Preliminaries and Problem Description |
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12 | (3) |
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12 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Problem Description |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (6) |
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2.3.1 Controller Design for Homogeneous Agents |
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15 | (5) |
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2.3.2 Controller Design for Heterogeneous Agents |
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20 | (1) |
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2.4 Optimal Learning Gain Design |
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21 | (2) |
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23 | (3) |
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26 | (1) |
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3 Iterative Learning Control for Multi-agent Coordination Under Iteration-Varying Graph |
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27 | (14) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (9) |
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3.3.1 Fixed Strongly Connected Graph |
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29 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Iteration-Varying Strongly Connected Graph |
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32 | (5) |
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3.3.3 Uniformly Strongly Connected Graph |
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37 | (1) |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (1) |
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4 Iterative Learning Control for Multi-agent Coordination with Initial State Error |
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41 | (12) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (6) |
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4.3.1 Distributed D-type Updating Rule |
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43 | (5) |
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4.3.2 Distributed PD-type Updating Rule |
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48 | (1) |
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4.4 Illustrative Examples |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (3) |
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5 Multi-agent Consensus Tracking with Input Sharing by Iterative Learning Control |
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53 | (16) |
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53 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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5.3 Controller Design and Convergence Analysis |
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54 | (6) |
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5.3.1 Controller Design Without Leader's Input Sharing |
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55 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Optimal Design Without Leader's Input Sharing |
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58 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Controller Design with Leader's Input Sharing |
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59 | (1) |
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5.4 Extension to Iteration-Varying Graph |
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60 | (3) |
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5.4.1 Iteration-Varying Graph with Spanning Trees |
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60 | (1) |
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5.4.2 Iteration-Varying Strongly Connected Graph |
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60 | (2) |
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5.4.3 Uniformly Strongly Connected Graph |
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62 | (1) |
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5.5 Illustrative Examples |
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63 | (5) |
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5.5.1 Example 1: Iteration-Invariant Communication Graph |
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63 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Example 2: Iteration-Varying Communication Graph |
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64 | (2) |
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5.5.3 Example 3: Uniformly Strongly Connected Graph |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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6 A HOIM-Based Iterative Learning Control Scheme for Multi-agent Formation |
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69 | (12) |
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69 | (1) |
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6.2 Kinematic Model Formulation |
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70 | (1) |
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6.3 HOIM-Based ILC for Multi-agent Formation |
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71 | (7) |
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6.3.1 Control Law for Agent 1 |
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72 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Control Law for Agent 2 |
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74 | (1) |
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6.3.3 Control Law for Agent 3 |
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75 | (3) |
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6.3.4 Switching Between Two Structures |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (1) |
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7 P-type Iterative Learning for Non-parameterized Systems with Uncertain Local Lipschitz Terms |
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81 | (20) |
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81 | (1) |
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7.2 Motivation and Problem Description |
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82 | (2) |
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82 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Problem Description |
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83 | (1) |
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7.3 Convergence Properties with Lyapunov Stability Conditions |
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84 | (8) |
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7.3.1 Preliminary Results |
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84 | (2) |
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7.3.2 Lyapunov Stable Systems |
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86 | (4) |
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7.3.3 Systems with Stable Local Lipschitz Terms but Unstable Global Lipschitz Factors |
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90 | (2) |
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7.4 Convergence Properties in the Presence of Bounding Conditions |
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92 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Systems with Bounded Drift Term |
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92 | (2) |
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7.4.2 Systems with Bounded Control Input |
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94 | (3) |
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7.5 Application of P-type Rule in MAS with Local Lipschitz Uncertainties |
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97 | (2) |
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99 | (2) |
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8 Synchronization for Nonlinear Multi-agent Systems by Adaptive Iterative Learning Control |
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101 | (22) |
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101 | (1) |
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8.2 Preliminaries and Problem Description |
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102 | (3) |
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102 | (1) |
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8.2.2 Problem Description for First-Order Systems |
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102 | (3) |
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8.3 Controller Design for First-Order Multi-agent Systems |
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105 | (3) |
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105 | (2) |
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8.3.2 Extension to Alignment Condition |
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107 | (1) |
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8.4 Extension to High-Order Systems |
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108 | (5) |
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113 | (5) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (3) |
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118 | (5) |
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9 Distributed Adaptive Iterative Learning Control for Nonlinear Multi-agent Systems with State Constraints |
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123 | (52) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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127 | (20) |
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9.3.1 Original Algorithms |
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127 | (8) |
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9.3.2 Projection Based Algorithms |
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135 | (3) |
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9.3.3 Smooth Function Based Algorithms |
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138 | (3) |
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9.3.4 Alternative Smooth Function Based Algorithms |
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141 | (4) |
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9.3.5 Practical Dead-Zone Based Algorithms |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (27) |
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174 | (1) |
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10 Synchronization for Networked Lagrangian Systems under Directed Graphs |
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175 | (14) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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10.3 Controller Design and Performance Analysis |
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177 | (6) |
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10.4 Extension to Alignment Condition |
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183 | (1) |
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10.5 Illustrative Example |
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184 | (4) |
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188 | (1) |
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11 Generalized Iterative Learning for Economic Dispatch Problem in a Smart Grid |
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189 | (20) |
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189 | (1) |
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190 | (3) |
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11.2.1 In-Neighbor and Out-Neighbor |
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190 | (1) |
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11.2.2 Discrete-Time Consensus Algorithm |
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191 | (1) |
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11.2.3 Analytic Solution to EDP with Loss Calculation |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (5) |
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11.3.1 Upper Level: Estimating the Power Loss |
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194 | (1) |
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11.3.2 Lower Level: Solving Economic Dispatch Distributively |
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194 | (3) |
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11.3.3 Generalization to the Constrained Case |
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197 | (1) |
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11.4 Learning Gain Design |
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198 | (2) |
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11.5 Application Examples |
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200 | (8) |
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11.5.1 Case Study 1: Convergence Test |
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201 | (1) |
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11.5.2 Case Study 2: Robustness of Command Node Connections |
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202 | (1) |
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11.5.3 Case Study 3: Plug and Play Test |
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203 | (2) |
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11.5.4 Case Study 4: Time-Varying Demand |
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205 | (2) |
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11.5.5 Case Study 5: Application in Large Networks |
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207 | (1) |
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11.5.6 Case Study 6: Relation Between Convergence Speed and Learning Gain |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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12 Summary and Future Research Directions |
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209 | (14) |
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209 | (1) |
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12.2 Future Research Directions |
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210 | (13) |
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12.2.1 Open Issues in MAS Control |
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210 | (4) |
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214 | (9) |
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Appendix A Graph Theory Revisit |
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223 | (2) |
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Appendix B Detailed Proofs |
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225 | (8) |
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B.1 HOIM Constraints Derivation |
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225 | (1) |
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B.2 Proof of Proposition 2.1 |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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B.5 Proof of Corollary 8.1 |
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230 | (3) |
Bibliography |
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233 | (12) |
Index |
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245 | |