The Arcus Foundation |
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ix | |
Notes to Readers |
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ix | |
Acknowledgments |
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x | |
Apes Overview |
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xii | |
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Section 1 Killing, Capture, Trade and Conservation |
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1 | (24) |
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1 The Impact Of Killing, Capture And Trade On Apes And Their Habitat |
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25 | (24) |
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25 | (3) |
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Direct Impacts of Hunting on Species Decline: Population Size and Social Consequences |
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28 | (10) |
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Why Apes Are Particularly Sensitive to Hunting |
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38 | (4) |
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Ecological Impacts of Ape Hunting |
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42 | (1) |
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Ethical, Legal and Practical Concerns |
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43 | (2) |
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45 | (2) |
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47 | (2) |
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2 Understanding And Responding To Cultural Drivers Of The Ape Trade |
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49 | (20) |
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49 | (1) |
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The Cultural Context of Human Perceptions of Apes |
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50 | (2) |
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Apes in Belief and Practice |
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52 | (1) |
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The Use of Apes in Traditional Medicine and Rituals |
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53 | (5) |
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Responses to the Cultural Drivers of the Trade |
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58 | (6) |
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Intersectionality of Culture and Other Factors Relevant to the Ape Trade |
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64 | (3) |
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67 | (2) |
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3 Socioeconomics And The Trade In Ape Meat And Parts |
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69 | (28) |
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69 | (6) |
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The Scale of the Problem for Great Apes |
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75 | (3) |
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Biological Consequences of Hunting for Meat and Parts |
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78 | (4) |
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Drivers of Wild Meat Hunting |
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82 | (6) |
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Drivers of Hunting of Great Apes |
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88 | (1) |
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Barriers and Potential Solutions |
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89 | (6) |
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95 | (2) |
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4 Drivers Of The Illegal Trade In Live Apes |
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97 | (34) |
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97 | (1) |
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Apes in China's Zoos and Wild Animal Parks |
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98 | (8) |
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Apes in Advertising and Entertainment in the United States and Thailand |
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106 | (8) |
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Trafficked, "Saved" and Rescued: Pet Apes in Indonesia |
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114 | (4) |
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Social Media: Influencing the Demand for and the Perception of Apes |
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118 | (8) |
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126 | (5) |
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5 Curbing The Illegal Killing, Capture And Trade In Apes: Responses At Source |
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131 | (22) |
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131 | (2) |
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Developing Effective Legal Frameworks |
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133 | (2) |
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Strengthening Law Enforcement |
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135 | (6) |
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Promoting Community Engagement |
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141 | (9) |
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150 | (3) |
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6 Protecting Apes: The Legal And Regulatory Environment |
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153 | (43) |
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153 | (3) |
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The National Legal Environment: Trend Analysis |
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156 | (20) |
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176 | (20) |
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Section 2 The Status and Welfare of Great Apes and Gibbons |
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196 | (3) |
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7 The Status Of Apes: A Foundation For Systematic, Evidence-Based Conservation |
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199 | (32) |
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199 | (1) |
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The Importance of Information on Apes |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (3) |
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204 | (5) |
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Methods for Studying Populations |
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209 | (3) |
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Population and Conservation Status of Apes |
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212 | (5) |
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Conclusions on Ape Status |
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217 | (1) |
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Evidence-Based Conservation |
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218 | (10) |
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228 | (3) |
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8 The Campaign For Nonhuman Rights And The Status Of Captive Apes |
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231 | (32) |
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231 | (2) |
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The Struggle to Obtain Legal Rights for Nonhuman Animals |
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233 | (22) |
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The Status of Captive Apes: A Statistical Update |
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255 | (8) |
Annexes |
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263 | (19) |
Acronyms and Abbreviations |
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282 | (3) |
Glossary |
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285 | (7) |
References |
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292 | (70) |
Index |
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362 | |