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Land Beneath the Ice: The Pioneering Years of Radar Exploration in Antarctica [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 464 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x156 mm, 38 color + 194 b/w illus.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jan-2023
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0691237913
  • ISBN-13: 9780691237916
  • Formaat: Hardback, 464 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x156 mm, 38 color + 194 b/w illus.
  • Ilmumisaeg: 24-Jan-2023
  • Kirjastus: Princeton University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0691237913
  • ISBN-13: 9780691237916

A wondrous story of scientific endeavor—probing the great ice sheets of Antarctica

From the moment explorers set foot on the ice of Antarctica in the early nineteenth century, they desired to learn what lay beneath. David J. Drewry provides an insider’s account of the ambitious and often hazardous radar mapping expeditions that he and fellow glaciologists undertook during the height of the Cold War, when concerns about global climate change were first emerging and scientists were finally able to peer into the Antarctic ice and take its measure.

In this panoramic book, Drewry charts the history and breakthrough science of radio-echo sounding, a revolutionary technique that has enabled researchers to measure the thickness and properties of ice continuously from the air—transforming our understanding of the world’s great ice sheets. To those involved in this epic fieldwork, it was evident that our planet is rapidly changing, and its future depends on the stability and behavior of these colossal ice masses. Drewry describes how bad weather, downed aircraft, and human frailty disrupt the most meticulously laid plans, and how success, built on remarkable international cooperation, can spawn institutional rivalries.

The Land Beneath the Ice captures the excitement and innovative spirit of a pioneering era in Antarctic geophysical exploration, recounting its perils and scientific challenges, and showing how its discoveries are helping us to tackle environmental challenges of global significance.

Arvustused

"Winner of the PROSE Award in Earth Science, Association of American Publishers" "This personal account adds much piquancy to a story of scientific discovery and ongoing exploration of a compellingly unique continent."---Karen Bordanaro, Library Journal "A meticulously detailed and beautifully illustrated insider account of the pioneering, frequently haphazard radar mapping expeditions [ Drewry] and a hardy cohort of glaciologists embarked on during a heady decade of technological advancement during the 1970s.

"---Duncan Madden, Geographical "A meticulously detailed and beautifully illustrated insider account. . . .Drewry wanted the book to be engaging to specialist historians and Antarctic enthusiasts, but also give general readers an introduction to Antarcticas beautiful environment; this he has achieved in spades."---Richard Dawe, Geoscientist "Important and ground-breaking research. . . . this book is an essential record of important work and should find a place in libraries and bookshelves devoted to polar science, polar history or the history of science."---Mike Brettle, Weather

List of Illustrations
xiii
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgements xxix
1 The Antarctic Ice Sheet Puzzle
1(7)
1.1 Prelude
1(1)
1.2 Some History
2(6)
2 Sounding through the Ice
8(13)
2.1 Seismic Measurements of Ice Thickness
8(4)
2.2 Gravity Measurements
12(1)
2.3 Early Tests
13(2)
2.4 The International Geophysical Year and Its Aftermath
15(6)
3 The Advent of Radio-Echo Sounding
21(22)
3.1 Experiments and Happenstance
21(5)
3.2 Developments in Cambridge and Antarctic Tests
26(3)
3.3 Trials in Greenland
29(6)
3.4 Field Activities Elsewhere
35(1)
3.5 Radio-Echo Sounding Goes Airborne
36(7)
4 Flight into the Unknown: Long-Range Antarctic Campaigns Commence
43(20)
4.1 International Cooperation
44(2)
4.2 Plans for Antarctic Season 1967
46(5)
4.3 Antarctic Operations
51(11)
4.4 Review of the Season
62(1)
5 The Second Antarctic Season 1969--70: A Task for Hercules
63(48)
5.1 Cambridge Preparations
65(1)
5.2 The Team Assembles
66(2)
5.3 Washington, DC
68(2)
5.4 New Zealand Activities
70(6)
5.5 Antarctic Sounding Commences
76(6)
5.6 Personal Experiences
82(5)
5.7 Western Marie Byrd Land and the Ross Ice Shelf
87(3)
5.8 Halley Bay-Visit to the Brits!
90(8)
5.9 Inland Flank of the Transantarctic Mountains
98(1)
5.10 To the Interior of East Antarctica and Vostok, the Coldest Place on Earth
99(7)
5.11 The Filchner Ice Shelf
106(1)
5.12 Meanwhile in the Antarctic Peninsula
107(2)
5.13 The 1969--70 Season in Perspective
109(2)
6 Review and New Plans
111(14)
6.1 International Antarctic Glaciological Project
111(3)
6.2 Aircraft
114(1)
6.3 Navigation
115(2)
6.4 Radio-Echo System---Collaboration with the Technical University of Denmark
117(2)
6.5 Deconvolution and Migration
119(3)
6.6 RES Recording
122(1)
6.7 The Team
122(2)
6.8 New Plans and Preparations
124(1)
7 The Continental Survey Begins: A Land Emerges
125(28)
7.1 To Washington and New Zealand
125(2)
7.2 Antarctica---Delays and Frustration
127(6)
7.3 The Science Begins---Eventually!
133(4)
7.4 A Land Emerges
137(1)
7.5 Mapping of East Antarctica
138(1)
7.6 The Ice Sheet Surface
139(5)
7.7 The Sub-Ice Morphology
144(2)
7.8 Lakes beneath the Ice
146(6)
7.9 Quo Vadis?
152(1)
8 New Impetus
153(32)
8.1 A Tripartite Agreement
154(1)
8.2 Cambridge Activities
155(1)
8.3 Devon Island---An Arctic Foray
156(6)
8.4 The `Keystone' of Gondwana
162(4)
8.5 A New Aircraft and New Instrumentation
166(7)
8.6 A Planning Dilemma
173(1)
8.7 Remote Sensing in Glaciology
174(1)
8.8 Preparations for the New Season
175(10)
8.8.1 Dome C and East Antarctica
176(2)
8.8.2 Marie Byrd Land
178(1)
8.8.3 Ross Ice Shelf
179(3)
8.8.4 Other Projects
182(3)
9 1974--75: Radio-Echo Sounding Comes of Age
185(25)
9.1 Initial Deployment
186(4)
9.2 Operations Commence
190(4)
9.3 Siple Coast---Domes and Ice Streams
194(2)
9.4 `Lake' Vostok
196(7)
9.5 Inland of Dry Valleys
203(1)
9.6 Disaster at Dome C!
204(3)
9.7 The Season Concludes
207(3)
10 Data, Research, and Politics
210(14)
10.1 Ice Streams of Marie Byrd Land
210(2)
10.2 The Ross Ice Shelf Revisited
212(3)
10.3 Some Geological Investigations
215(1)
10.4 Politics Intervene
216(2)
10.5 Research Accelerates
218(3)
10.6 Automated Data Reduction
221(1)
10.7 Royal Society Discusses Antarctic Science
222(2)
11 Changing Planes
224(32)
11.1 The NSF Sets Out Its Plans
224(3)
11.2 IAGP, September 1976
227(2)
11.3 Antarctica 1977--78--A Change of Planes
229(2)
11.4 Christchurch, New Zealand---The Programme Hangs in the Balance
231(5)
11.5 Antarctica at Last!
236(3)
11.6 An `Operational Day'
239(9)
11.7 1977--78 Operations
248(3)
11.8 Dry Valleys
251(2)
11.9 Retrospective
253(3)
12 The Final Season, 1978--79
256(30)
12.1 Magnetic Moves
256(3)
12.2 Dynamics of Large Ice Masses
259(3)
12.3 The Final Season Advances
262(17)
12.4 Taylor Glacier Project
279(7)
13 The Axe Falls
286(18)
13.1 A Telegram Arrives
286(6)
13.1.1 Data, Access, and Political Myopia
288(4)
13.2 NSF Magnetics Meeting
292(1)
13.3 New Initiatives, New Opportunities
292(8)
13.3.1 Satellite Studies of Polar Ice
293(1)
13.3.2 Svalbard
293(4)
13.3.3 Short-Pulse Radar
297(3)
13.4 North American Engagements
300(4)
14 The Antarctic Folio
304(38)
14.1 Developing the Portfolio
306(3)
14.2 Funding
309(3)
14.3 Folio Gains Momentum
312(1)
14.4 Scales and Map Projections
313(2)
14.5 Coastline and Other Details
315(3)
14.6 Place Names
318(3)
14.7 Enter the Cartographers
321(1)
14.8 The Maps Unfold
322(20)
14.8.1 Ice Sheet Surface
322(4)
14.8.2 Flowlines
326(2)
14.8.3 Compiling Statistics, Writing Papers
328(1)
14.8.4 Third International Symposium on Antarctic Glaciology
328(2)
14.8.5 Bedrock Surface
330(1)
14.8.6 Ice Thickness
331(1)
14.8.7 Isostatic Bedrock
331(3)
14.8.8 Magnetics Sheets
334(2)
14.8.9 Internal Layering
336(6)
15 The Last Push
342(8)
15.1 The Folio Completed
342(6)
15.2 The Folio Reviewed
348(2)
16 The Aftermath
350(14)
16.1 Svalbard
353(8)
16.2 Satellite Altimeter Group
361(3)
17 Reflections
364(15)
17.1 Some New Brooms
365(2)
17.2 The Surface Configuration of the Ice Sheet
367(3)
17.3 The Subglacial Bedrock Landscape
370(5)
17.4 Water beneath the Ice
375(3)
17.5 Epilogue
378(1)
Appendix 1 Display and Recording of RES Data 379(4)
Appendix 2 SPRI Research Students in the Radio-Echo Sounding Programme 383(2)
Abbreviations 385(4)
Glossary 389(8)
Index 397
David J. Drewry is honorary fellow at Emmanuel College, University of Cambridge, and former director of the Scott Polar Research Institute at Cambridge and of the British Antarctic Survey. His books include Glacial Geologic Processes and Antarctica and Environmental Change. A world-renowned glaciologist, he has a mountain and a glacier named after him in Antarctica. He lives in Cottingham, England.