| Preface |
|
vii | |
| Acknowledgements |
|
ix | |
|
|
|
xv | |
|
|
|
xix | |
|
1 Introduction to Land Law and Extractives in Africa |
|
|
1 | (28) |
|
|
|
1 | (8) |
|
A The Origin of Land Injustices in Africa Summarised |
|
|
3 | (3) |
|
B A Snapshot of Land Access |
|
|
6 | (3) |
|
II Ownership and Control of the Extractive Resources |
|
|
9 | (4) |
|
A Ownership under National Law |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
B Sovereignty Over Natural Resources under International Law |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
III Legal and Regulatory Frameworks Governing the Extractive Industries |
|
|
13 | (7) |
|
A Role of International Law |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
B Role of Regional Energy Laws |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
C Snapshot of Mining Laws and Regulations in Africa |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
D Snapshot of Energy Laws and Regulations in Africa |
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
IV Nexus between Land Access and Extractives |
|
|
20 | (8) |
|
A The African Extractives Industry: Highlighting the Land Issues |
|
|
20 | (3) |
|
B Snapshot of the Impacts of Extractives on Land Use |
|
|
23 | (5) |
|
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
2 Land Law Reforms in Africa and their Impact on the Extractive Industries |
|
|
29 | (42) |
|
I Introduction to Land Law |
|
|
29 | (19) |
|
|
|
33 | (7) |
|
B Common Terms in Land Law |
|
|
40 | (3) |
|
|
|
43 | (5) |
|
II Land Law Reforms and their Impact on the Extractive Industries: Case Studies |
|
|
48 | (19) |
|
A Land Law Reforms in Tanzania |
|
|
50 | (4) |
|
B Land Law Reforms in South Africa |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
C Land Law Reforms in Uganda |
|
|
55 | (4) |
|
D Land Law Reforms in Rwanda |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
E Other Case Studies Explored: Land Reforms in Kenya |
|
|
62 | (5) |
|
III Environmental Impacts Associated with Extractives and Land Access |
|
|
67 | (3) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
3 Land Access from the Perspective of the African Mining Sector |
|
|
71 | (39) |
|
I Introduction to Mining in Africa |
|
|
71 | (12) |
|
A Snapshot of the Mining Industry |
|
|
71 | (3) |
|
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
C Brief about Mineral Reserves and Production |
|
|
76 | (2) |
|
D Influence of History on the African Mining Sector |
|
|
78 | (3) |
|
E Importance of Minerals: The Rising Role of Critical Minerals |
|
|
81 | (2) |
|
II Land Access from the Perspective of Large-Scale Mining |
|
|
83 | (14) |
|
A Key Stages of Mineral Extraction |
|
|
84 | (3) |
|
B Linkages in the Mining Sector |
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
C Licensing for LSM Companies |
|
|
89 | (8) |
|
III Land Access from the Perspective of Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining |
|
|
97 | (4) |
|
IV Gender Justice in the Mining Sector |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
V Mining Disputes and Land Access |
|
|
102 | (7) |
|
A Mining Disputes and Conflicts Related to Land Use |
|
|
103 | (3) |
|
B Other Mining Disputes: Arbitration Cases Explored |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
4 Land Access from the Perspective of the Energy Sector |
|
|
110 | (54) |
|
I Introduction to Energy Law |
|
|
110 | (13) |
|
A The Nature of Energy Law |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
B Sustainable Development Goals 7 and 13 as Drivers of New Energy Law Development |
|
|
114 | (5) |
|
C Influence of Regionalism and Globalism in Energy Law |
|
|
119 | (4) |
|
II Petroleum Projects and Land Access |
|
|
123 | (4) |
|
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
B Energy Infrastructure and Related Land Issues |
|
|
124 | (3) |
|
III Renewable Energy Projects and Land Access |
|
|
127 | (6) |
|
A Sources of Renewable Energy |
|
|
127 | (2) |
|
B Advantages and Challenges of Renewable Energy |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
C Energy Efficiency inSSA |
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
D Low-Carbon Energy Infrastructure |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
IV Energy Disputes Related to Land |
|
|
133 | (29) |
|
A Negotiating Petroleum Projects: Dispute Resolution |
|
|
134 | (2) |
|
B Types of Petroleum Agreements |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
C Stabilisation Clauses in Petroleum Agreements |
|
|
137 | (13) |
|
D Other Avenues for Protecting Energy Investments |
|
|
150 | (9) |
|
|
|
159 | (3) |
|
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
5 Conclusion: Pertinent Issues in the African Extractive Industries |
|
|
164 | (8) |
|
I Social Licence to Operate (SLO), Extractives and Land Access |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
II Local Content, Extractives and Land Access |
|
|
165 | (3) |
|
A Meaning and Nature of Local Content |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
B Why are African Countries Advocating for Local Content? |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
C Arguments against Local Content |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
D Legal Provisions for Local Content |
|
|
167 | (1) |
|
III Regionalism, Extractives and Land Access |
|
|
168 | (3) |
|
A Regionalism versus Isolationism |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
B Regionalism versus Globalism/Multilateralism |
|
|
170 | (1) |
|
IV Concluding Remarks and Recommendations |
|
|
171 | (1) |
| Appendices |
|
172 | (14) |
| Bibliography |
|
186 | (9) |
| Index |
|
195 | |