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Laser Techniques in Ophthalmology: A Guide to YAG and Photothermal Laser Treatments in Clinic [Pehme köide]

(Royal Gwent Hospital, Aneurin Bevan University Health Board, UK)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 210 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 560 g, 9 Line drawings, color; 287 Halftones, color; 1 Halftones, black and white; 297 Illustrations, color
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Jul-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 036770031X
  • ISBN-13: 9780367700317
Teised raamatud teemal:
Laser Techniques in Ophthalmology: A Guide to YAG and Photothermal Laser Treatments in ClinicSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 210 pages, kõrgus x laius: 254x178 mm, kaal: 560 g, 9 Line drawings, color; 287 Halftones, color; 1 Halftones, black and white; 297 Illustrations, color
  • Ilmumisaeg: 08-Jul-2022
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 036770031X
  • ISBN-13: 9780367700317
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780367700317.html
Märksõnad:
This is a practical guide to using lasers in the Eye clinic and includes all commonly performed Lasers for a range of ocular conditions. It uses multiple illustrations of real-life fundus photographs, FFA images, OCT images and digitally modified retinal images to simplify learning the fundamentals of laser physics and physiology, laser safety and an overview of the variety of ophthalmic lasers in current use. It standardizes Laser procedures and serves as a reference guide for Ophthalmic trainees learning the technique that can be transferred to their clinical practice. The book simplifies understanding of Ophthalmic Lasers and answers common questions of how and why things are done.

Key Features

Emphasizes on Nd-YAG Laser, Lasers in Glaucoma and Photothermal Lasers for Retinal Pathology, with clarity on techniques and pearls on dealing with common laser related issues that come with experience. Provides content in a Q&A format which is ideal as a lesson from trainer to trainee and answers all the doubts and laser related questions a trainee may have and aids their learning and progression to performing Lasers safely and independently. Uses digitally modified images with bullet points and reference text boxes, making the content user friendly and easy to understand.
Acknowledgements xi
Trainee Feedback xiii
About the Author xv
Glossary xvii
Introduction 1(2)
0.1 Lasers in Ophthalmology (Diagnostic and Therapeutic)
1(2)
Section 1 Basic Principles of Laser
3(30)
1.1 Laser Physics
3(6)
1.1.1 Properties of Laser Light
3(1)
1.1.2 Understanding Laser Physics
3(2)
1.1.3 How Does an Atom in the Ground State Move to an Excited State?
5(1)
1.1.4 Stimulated Emission
6(1)
1.1.5 Parts of a Laser
7(2)
1.2 Parameters of Laser Light - Determines Its Tissue Biological Effects
9(2)
1.2.1 Laser Wavelength
9(1)
1.2.2 Tuneable Lasers
10(1)
1.2.3 Power
10(1)
1.2.4 Mode
10(1)
1.3 Laser Delivery Systems
11(5)
1.3.1 Slit Lamp Laser Delivery
12(2)
1.3.2 Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (BIO); Laser Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (LIO)
14(2)
1.4 Laser Tissue Interaction
16(4)
1.4.1 Principles of Laser Tissue Interactions
17(1)
1.4.2 Laser Mechanisms in the Retina
17(1)
1.4.3 Starling's Law and Macular Oedema
18(1)
1.4.4 How Does Focal Laser Treatment Reduce Macular Oedema?
18(2)
1.5 Laser Hazard and Laser Safety Protocols
20(3)
1.5.1 Laser Classification and Safety (ANSI Standards)
20(1)
1.5.2 Laser Safety Protocols
21(1)
1.5.3 Laser Safety Eyewear
22(1)
1.6 Laser Lenses
23(10)
1.6.1 Advantages of Contact Lenses in Lasers
23(1)
1.6.2 Safety Principles of Contact Lenses
24(1)
1.6.3 Laser Cone Angle
24(1)
1.6.4 Lens Classification
25(1)
1.6.5 Common Features of Laser Contact Lenses
25(1)
1.6.6 Lens Used with YAG Laser
26(2)
1.6.7 Contact Lenses Used in Conjunction with Photothermal Lasers
28(2)
Suggested Reading
30(3)
Section 2 YAG Laser
33(28)
2.1 The Nd-YAG Laser
33(2)
2.1.1 Getting Started
34(1)
2.2 YAG Laser Posterior Capsulotomy
35(13)
2.2.1 Pathophysiology of Posterior Capsular Opacification
36(1)
2.2.2 Posterior Capsular Opacification in Paediatric Patients
36(1)
2.2.3 Types of Capsular Opacification
37(2)
2.2.4 How Does YAG Laser Work?
39(1)
2.2.5 YAG Capsulotomy
39(1)
2.2.6 YAG Capsulotomy Techniques - Two Main Techniques
40(1)
2.2.7 Treatment Procedure
41(2)
2.2.8 Size of the Posterior Capsulotomy
43(1)
2.2.9 YAG Capsulotomy with Eccentric Pupil
44(1)
2.2.10 Complications of YAG Capsulotomy
44(1)
2.2.11 IOL Pitting
45(2)
2.2.12 Newer Concepts in Posterior Capsulotomy
47(1)
2.2.13 Re-opacification of Posterior Capsule
47(1)
2.2.14 IOL Opacification/Calcification
47(1)
2.3 Capsular Block Distension Syndrome
48(2)
2.3.1 Pathophysiology of CBDS
48(2)
2.4 Anterior Capsulotomy
50(3)
2.5 Inflammatory Pupillary Membrane and Synechiolysis in Pseudophakes
53(3)
2.5.1 Clearance of Inflammatory IOL Deposits
54(1)
2.5.2 Clearance of Retained SLM in the Visual Axis
54(1)
Suggested Reading
55(1)
2.6 YAG Laser Vitreolysis
56(3)
2.6.1 Treatment
57(1)
2.6.2 YAG Vitreolysis for Vitreous Wick
57(2)
Suggested Reading
59(1)
2.7 YAG Laser Hyaloidotomy
59(2)
2.7.1 Procedure
60(1)
Suggested Reading
60(1)
Section 3 Lasers in Glaucoma
61(20)
3.1 Introduction
61(1)
3.1.1 Outflow Enhancing Procedures
61(1)
3.1.2 Inflow Reducing Procedures (Aqueous Production)
61(1)
3.2 YAG Laser Peripheral Iridotomy (LPI)
62(8)
3.2.1 Indications for YAG LPI
62(1)
3.2.2 How Does YAG LPI Work?
62(1)
3.2.3 Laser Peripheral Iridotomy - Procedure
63(4)
3.2.4 Complications of LPI
67(2)
3.2.5 Sequential Argon/PASCAL Iridoplasty with Nd:YAG PI
69(1)
3.2.6 Outcomes of LPI
69(1)
3.3 Pigment Dispersion Syndrome (PDS)
70(1)
3.4 Plateau Iris
71(1)
3.4.1 Mechanism of Glaucoma
71(1)
3.5 Iridoplasty
72(2)
Suggested Reading
73(1)
3.6 Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty (SLT)
74(7)
3.6.1 SLT vs ALT
74(1)
3.6.2 Mechanism of Action
75(2)
3.6.3 SLT Laser Technique
77(1)
3.6.4 Recent Advances
78(1)
Suggested Reading
79(2)
Section 4 Photothermal Lasers
81(90)
4.1 Introduction -- Treatment Concepts and Current and New Laser Technology
81(4)
4.1.1 Current Concepts in Laser Photocoagulation
81(1)
4.1.2 New Laser Treatments/Technology
81(3)
Suggested Reading
84(1)
4.2 Getting Started with Laser Retinal Photocoagulation
85(5)
4.2.1 PASCAL Laser Machine
86(4)
4.3 Pan Retinal Photocoagulation
90(24)
4.3.1 Methods of PRP Delivery
91(1)
4.3.2 Normal Ocular Anatomy
91(2)
4.3.3 How Does PRP Work?
93(1)
4.3.4 Getting Started with Pan Retinal Photocoagulation
94(1)
4.3.5 Schematic Approach to PRP
95(5)
4.3.6 Understanding Laser Parameters for PRP
100(2)
4.3.7 Exceptions to Treatment Plan
102(3)
4.3.8 Aggressive Laser Treatment in Ischaemic Retinal Vasculopathy
105(2)
4.3.9 Pan Retinal Photocoagulation -- Procedure
107(1)
4.3.10 Starting PRP Treatment -- Lesson Based on Treatment-Naive Eye
108(4)
4.3.11 Risks of PRP
112(2)
4.4 Sectoral PRP
114(6)
4.4.1 When Is Sectoral Laser Treatment Appropriate in BRVO?
114(2)
4.4.2 Sectoral PRP in BRVO or HRVO
116(4)
4.5 Focal Laser Treatment
120(29)
4.5.1 Indications for Focal Laser Treatment
121(1)
4.5.2 Is It Essential to Target Microaneurysms?
121(1)
4.5.3 Pre-Laser Investigations
121(14)
4.5.4 Grid Laser Treatment -- Including the Papillo-Macular Bundle
135(13)
Suggested Reading
148(1)
4.6 Focal Laser Treatment for Non-Diabetic Maculopathies
149(14)
4.6.1 Retinal Vein Occlusion
149(3)
4.6.2 Retinal Artery Macroaneurysm (RAM)
152(3)
4.6.3 Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR)
155(4)
4.6.4 Idiopathic Juxtafoveal Telangiectasia (IJFT)
159(4)
4.6.5 Laser Treatment for Age Related Macular Degeneration
163(1)
4.7 Laser Retinopexy
163(8)
4.7.1 Peripheral Retinal Degenerations
163(1)
4.7.2 Diagnosis of Retinal Holes and Tears
164(1)
4.7.3 Role of Posterior Vitreous Detachment
164(1)
4.7.4 Formation of Retinal Holes and Tears
164(1)
4.7.5 Operculated Retinal Holes
165(1)
4.7.6 Horseshoe Tear
165(1)
4.7.7 Treatment of Retinal Holes and Tears
166(1)
4.7.8 Laser Retinopexy -- Procedure
167(1)
4.7.9 Special Situations
168(1)
Suggested Reading
169(2)
Section 5 Approach to Retinal Vascular Disease
171(34)
5.1 Multimodal Treatment of Retinal Vascular Disease
171(3)
5.1.1 Anti-VEGF Agents Used Alone or in Combination
171(1)
5.1.2 What's `Visually Significant' DME?
172(1)
5.1.3 Real-World Implications of Visual Assessment
172(1)
5.1.4 Steroids + Laser
172(2)
5.2 Approach to Diabetic Eye Disease
174(10)
5.2.1 Pathogenesis of Diabetic Retinopathy
175(1)
5.2.2 ETDRS Classification and Clinical Signs of DR
175(6)
5.2.3 Management of Diabetic Retinopathy
181(1)
5.2.4 Treatment Strategies
182(2)
5.3 Approach to Retinal Vein Occlusion
184(21)
5.3.1 Risk Factors for RVO
185(1)
5.3.2 Pathogenesis of RVO
185(1)
5.3.3 Location of RVO
186(12)
5.3.4 Laser Treatment for Neovascularization
198(3)
Suggested Reading
201(4)
Acknowledgement of Images Borrowed 205(2)
Index 207
Dr Anita Prasad is an ophthalmologist, with an interest in medical Retina, with over 25 years of experience, and a laser lead and trainer at ABUHB Trust, for over 20 years. It has given her a unique insight and approach into an area that is not well taught, using digitally enhanced images to highlight learning points, and simplify techniques, making it easy for learners to get started with lasers.