LaTeX Graphics Companion 2nd edition [Pehme köide]

List of Figures		xvii
List of Tables		xxi
Preface		xxv
Why LATEX, and why PostScript?		xxvi
How this book is arranged		xxvii
Typographic conventions		xxix
Using the examples		xxxi
Finding all those packages and programs		xxxiii
Graphics with LATEX		1	(22)
Graphics systems and typesetting		2	(1)
Drawing types		3	(3)
TEX's interfaces		6	(4)
Methods of integration		6	(2)
Methods of manipulation		8	(1)
TEX's graphics hooks		8	(2)
Graphics languages		10	(11)
Generic graphics languages		10	(3)
TEX-based graphics languages		13	(4)
External graphics languages and drawing programs		17	(4)
Choosing a package		21	(2)
Standard LATEX Interfaces		23	(28)
Inclusion of graphics files		23	(13)
Options for graphics and graphicx		24	(1)
The \includegraphics syntax in the graphics package		25	(3)
The \includegraphics syntax in the graphics package		28	(4)
Setting default key values for the graphicx package		32	(1)
Declarations guiding the inclusion of images		33	(2)
A caveat: encapsulation is important		35	(1)
Manipulating graphical objects		36	(6)
Scaling a LATEX box		37	(1)
Resizing to a given size		38	(1)
Rotating a LATEX box		39	(3)
The epsfig and rotating packages		42	(1)
Line graphics		42	(9)
Options for pict2e		43	(1)
Standard LATEX and pict2e compared		44	(3)
Slightly beyond standard graphics: curve2e		47	(4)
Metafont and Metapost: TEX's Mates		51	(90)
The Meta language		52	(8)
First examples of Meta programs		53	(4)
Defining macros		57	(3)
Differences between Metrpost and Metrfont		60	(8)
Color		60	(1)
Adding text to pictures		61	(1)
Adding text---some gory details		62	(3)
Internal structures		65	(2)
File input and output		67	(1)
Running the META programs		68	(6)
Running Metafont		68	(3)
Running Metapost		71	(2)
Previewing		73	(1)
Some basic Metapost libraries		74	(6)
The metafun package		74	(1)
The boxes package		75	(5)
The Metaobj package		80	(40)
Underlying principles		80	(1)
Metaobj concepts		81	(1)
Basic objects		82	(2)
Connections		84	(11)
Containers		95	(5)
Box alignment constructors		100	(4)
Recursive objects and fractals		104	(1)
Trees		105	(10)
Matrices		115	(2)
Tree and matrix connection variants		117	(1)
Labels		118	(2)
TEX interfaces: getting the best of both worlds		120	(17)
The emp package		120	(2)
The mfpic package		122	(15)
The mft and mpt pretty-printers		137	(1)
From Metapost and to Metapost		137	(1)
The future of Metapost		138	(3)
Metapost Applications		141	(72)
A drawing toolkit		141	(16)
Text along a curve		142	(1)
Gradients		143	(2)
Hidden lines		145	(1)
Multipaths and advanced clipping		145	(2)
Patterns, hatchings, and tilings		147	(3)
Transparency		150	(2)
Blurred effects		152	(1)
Morphing		152	(1)
Turtle graphics		153	(2)
Using literal PostScript		155	(1)
Animations		156	(1)
Representing data with graphs		157	(19)
The graph package		157	(11)
Curve drawing		168	(2)
Pie charts		170	(6)
Diagrams		176	(13)
Graphs		176	(1)
Flowcharts		177	(1)
Block drawing and Bond graphs		177	(1)
Box-line diagrams: the expressg package		178	(3)
UML diagrams---MetaUML		181	(7)
CM arrows utility		188	(1)
Geometry		189	(7)
Plane geometry		190	(2)
Space geometry		192	(2)
Fractals and other complex objects		194	(1)
Art		195	(1)
Science and engineering applications		196	(11)
Electrical circuits		196	(7)
Mechanics and engineering		203	(1)
Simulation		203	(1)
Optics		204	(3)
3-D extensions		207	(6)
Introduction		207	(1)
Requirements for a 3-D extension		207	(1)
Overview of 3-D packages		208	(5)
Harnessing PostScript Inside LATEX: PSTricks		213	(100)
The components of PSTricks		214	(3)
The kernel		214	(1)
Loading the basic packages		215	(1)
Using colors		216	(1)
Setting keywords, lengths, and coordinates		217	(3)
Lengths and units		217	(1)
Angles		218	(1)
Coordinates		219	(1)
Commands		219	(1)
The pspicture environment		220	(3)
Keywords for the pspicture environment		221	(2)
White space between commands		223	(1)
The coordinate system		223	(1)
Grids		224	(7)
Keywords of the \psgr id command		226	(2)
Defining and using new grid commands		228	(1)
Embellishing pictures with the help of grids		229	(2)
Lines and polygons		231	(9)
Extensions to lines		234	(1)
Keywords for lines and polygons		234	(6)
Circles, ellipses, and curves		240	(9)
General curves		244	(3)
Keywords for curves		247	(2)
Dots and symbols		249	(4)
Dot keywords		251	(2)
Filling areas		253	(6)
Filling keywords		253	(4)
More fill styles		257	(2)
Arrows		259	(6)
Keywords for arrows		260	(4)
Creating your own arrow types		264	(1)
Labels		265	(4)
Reference points		266	(1)
Rotation angle		266	(1)
Commands to set labels or objects		267	(2)
Boxes		269	(10)
Keywords for box commands		270	(1)
Commands for setting boxes		271	(2)
Box size		273	(1)
Clipping commands		274	(2)
Rotating and scaling		276	(2)
Math and verbatim boxes		278	(1)
User styles and objects		279	(17)
Customizations with \pscustom		280	(16)
Coordinates		296	(6)
Polar coordinates		296	(1)
Coordinates calculated with PostScript		296	(2)
Double coordinates		298	(1)
Relative translations		299	(3)
Angle specifications		302	(1)
The PSTricks core		302	(11)
Header files		302	(1)
Special macros		303	(4)
``Low-level'' macros		307	(2)
``High-level'' macros		309	(1)
The ``key/value'' interface		310	(3)
The Main PSTricks Packages		313	(154)
pst-plot---Plotting functions and data		313	(21)
The coordinate system---ticks and labels		314	(9)
Plotting mathematical functions and data files		323	(11)
pst-node---Nodes and connections		334	(32)
Setting nodes		335	(5)
\nc connections		340	(7)
\pc connections		347	(1)
Node keywords		348	(9)
Putting labels on node connections		357	(3)
Multiple connections		360	(1)
The psmatrix environment		361	(4)
TEX and PostScript: a one-way ticket		365	(1)
pst-tree---Typesetting trees		366	(17)
Tree nodes, predecessors, and successors		367	(3)
Keywords for tree nodes		370	(9)
Labels		379	(3)
Skip tree levels		382	(1)
pst-fill---Filling and tiling		383	(5)
Keywords for filling		383	(5)
pst-3d---Shadows, tilting, and three-dimensional representations		388	(12)
Shadows		388	(1)
Tilting		389	(3)
Three-dimensional representations		392	(8)
pst-3dplot---3-D parallel projections of functions and data		400	(17)
Commands for 3-D drawings		401	(5)
Plotting mathematical functions and data		406	(4)
Keywords for pst-3dplot		410	(7)
Short overview of other PSTricks packages		417	(42)
The pstricks-add package		418	(6)
Linguistics		424	(2)
Mathematics		426	(5)
Sciences		431	(7)
Information theory		438	(4)
UML and ER diagrams		442	(3)
3-D views		445	(3)
Shapes and color gradients		448	(2)
Miscellaneous packages		450	(9)
Summary of PSTricks commands and keywords		459	(8)
The Xy-pic Package		467	(44)
Introducing Xy-pic		467	(2)
Basic constructs		469	(5)
Initial positions		469	(1)
Making connections		470	(1)
Dropping objects		471	(2)
Entering text in your pictures		473	(1)
Extensions		474	(4)
Curves and splines		475	(1)
Frames and brackets		476	(2)
Features		478	(31)
Arrows		478	(2)
Matrix-like diagrams		480	(7)
Graphs		487	(6)
Two-cell diagrams		493	(2)
Polygons		495	(5)
Arcs, circles, and ellipses		500	(2)
Lattices and web structures		502	(1)
Links and knots		503	(6)
Further examples		509	(2)
Applications in Science, Technology, and Medicine		511	(76)
Typographical rules for scientific texts		512	(6)
Getting the units right		513	(4)
Typesetting chemical symbols		517	(1)
Typesetting chemical formulae		518	(29)
The XYMTEX system		520	(21)
The ppchtex package		541	(6)
Alignment and topology plots in bioinformatics		547	(8)
Aligning and shading nucleotide and peptide sequences		548	(3)
Membrane protein topology plots		551	(4)
Drawing Feynman diagrams		555	(17)
A special font for drawing Feynman diagrams		555	(3)
PostScript for drawing Feynman diagrams		558	(3)
Metafont and Metapost for drawing Feynman diagrams		561	(11)
Extending FeynMF		572	(1)
Typesetting timing diagrams		572	(4)
Commands in the timing environment		573	(3)
Customization		576	(1)
Electronics and optics circuits		576	(11)
A special font for drawing electronics and optics diagrams		576	(7)
Using the m4 macro processor for electronics diagrams		583	(3)
Interactive diagram generation		586	(1)
Preparing Music Scores		587	(80)
Using TEX for scores---An overview		589	(1)
Using MusiXTEX		590	(10)
The structure of a MusiXTEX source		591	(1)
Writing notes		591	(4)
Note spacing		595	(1)
A moderately complete example		596	(1)
Running MusiXTEX		597	(3)
abc2mtex---Easy writing of tunes		600	(15)
Writing an abc source		601	(8)
The abcPlus extensions		609	(3)
Easy inclusion of abc files in LATEX documents		612	(3)
Preprocessors for MusiXTEX		615	(3)
The PMX preprocessor		618	(33)
General structure of a PMX score		619	(1)
The preamble of a PMX file		619	(2)
The body of a PMX file		621	(1)
Notation to describe a stave		622	(17)
Notation that affects all voices		639	(3)
Some general options and technical adjustments		642	(2)
Two complete examples		644	(2)
Inline TEX commands		646	(1)
Lyrics		647	(1)
Creating parts from a score		647	(1)
Making MIDI files		647	(4)
M-Tx---Music from TeXt		651	(10)
The M-Tx preamble		652	(2)
The body of an M-Tx input file		654	(5)
Lyrics		659	(2)
The music engraver LilyPond		661	(5)
The LilyPond source language		661	(4)
Running LilyPond		665	(1)
TEXmuse---TEX and Metafont working together		666	(1)
Playing Games		667	(46)
Chess		668	(19)
chessboard---Coloring your boards		668	(1)
chessfss---A generic font mechanism for chess		669	(4)
skak---The successor to the chess package		673	(7)
texmate---The power of three		680	(7)
Online resources for chess		687	(1)
Xiangqi---Chinese chess		687	(3)
Go		690	(6)
Backgammon		696	(2)
Card games		698	(4)
Bridge		699	(3)
Crosswords in various forms		702	(7)
Classical puzzles		705	(2)
Fill-in puzzles		707	(1)
Number puzzles		707	(1)
General adjustments to the layout		708	(1)
External puzzle generation		709	(1)
Sudokus		709	(4)
sudoku---Typesetting Sudokus		709	(1)
sudokubundle---Solving and generating Sudokus		710	(3)
The World of Color		713	(84)
An introduction to color		714	(5)
Color theories		714	(1)
Colorsystems		715	(1)
Symbolic values of color		716	(1)
Color harmonies		717	(1)
Color and readability		718	(1)
Colors with LATEX --- The color and xcolor packages		719	(18)
Options supported by color and xcolor		720	(2)
Using colors within the document		722	(4)
Defining colors		726	(2)
Color models with xcolor		728	(2)
Extended color specification with xcolor		730	(4)
Support for color series		734	(3)
Color blending and masking		737	(1)
Coloring tables		737	(15)
The colortbl package		737	(5)
Examples		742	(10)
Color slides with LATEX --- The beamer class		752	(45)
Using the beamer class		752	(2)
Your first slides		754	(4)
The structure of a presentation		758	(4)
Hiding and showing material on slides --- overlays		762	(10)
Additional facilities in beamer		772	(7)
Using LATEX structural components in beamer		779	(4)
Using LATEX inline components in beamer		783	(9)
Managing your templates		792	(2)
Backgrounds and colors		794	(2)
Document modes		796	(1)
The beamer project		796	(1)
Producing PDF from Various Sources		797	(12)
dvipdfm and dvipdfmx		798	(2)
pst-pdf---From PostScript to PDF		800	(3)
Package options		800	(1)
Usage		800	(3)
Generating PDF from LATEX		803	(6)
LATEX Software and User Group Information		809	(10)
Getting help		809	(1)
How to get those TEX files?		810	(1)
Using CTAN		810	(5)
Using the TEX file catalogue		811	(2)
Finding files on the archive and transferring them		813	(1)
Getting files from the command line		814	(1)
Finding the documentation on your TEX system		815	(2)
texdoc---Command-line interface for a search by name		815	(1)
texdoctk---Panel interface for a search by subject		816	(1)
TEX user groups		817	(2)
Bibliography		819	(16)
Indexes		835	(89)
General Index		837	(42)
Metafont and Metapost		879	(18)
PSTricks		897	(22)
Xy-pic		919	(5)
People		924

Michel Goossens is at present responsible for scientific text processing at CERN, the European Laboratory for Particle Physics, in Geneva, Switzerland. He is a coauthor of The LaTeX Companion, Second Edition, The LaTeX Graphics Companion, Second Edition, and The LaTeX Web Companion, and also is a past president of the TUG and GUTenberg TeX Users Groups.      Michel began working at CERN after earning a Ph.D. in physics at Brussels University. At CERN, he soon realized the importance of good documentation and, since the middle 1980s, has been deeply involved with LaTeX. At the same time he has followed closely the development of other generic markup languages and was among the first users of SGML, HTML (invented at CERN), and later XML.

Frank Mittelbach is manager and technical director of the LaTeX3 Project, in which capacity he oversaw the release of LaTeX 2e and more than 15 subsequent releases of this software. In 1989 he joined Electronic Data Systems (EDS), working in a newly formed group for document processing using TeX and other tools. In his current position, he is responsible for concepts and implementation for remote monitoring and management of distributed systems and networks. Frank is a coauthor of The LaTeX Companion, Second Edition, and The LaTeX Graphics Companion, Second Edition, as well as the editor of the book series in which they appear, Tools and Techniques for Computer Typesetting.      Frank studied mathematics and computer science at the Johannes-Gutenberg University, Mainz. His interest in the automated formatting of complex documents in general, and in LaTeX in particular, goes back to his university days and has become a major interest, perhaps a vocation, and certainly it is now his "second job." He is author or coauthor of many and varied LaTeX extension packages, such as AMS-LaTeX, doc, multicol, and NFSS: the New Font Selection Scheme. In 1990 Frank presented the paper E-TeX: Guidelines for further TeX extensions, which explained the most critical shortcomings of TeX and argued the need for its further development and for research into the many open questions of automated typesetting. This was the first time the topic of change or extension had been openly discussed within the TeX community and, after getting some early opposition, it helped to spawn several important projects, such as eTEX, Omega, and NTS. He is now interested in bringing together the fruits of these TeX extension developments to get a stable, well-maintained, and widely available successor of TeX on which a future LaTeX3 can be based.

Sebastian Rahtz is information manager for Oxford University Computing Services. He is a coauthor of The LaTeX Graphics Companion, Second Edition, and The LaTeX Web Companion.      Sebastian started life in classics, moved to archaeology, and thence to computing. During the 1980s he taught humanities and archaeological computing at Southampton University, where he also came across TeX. The infection grew strong, and he spent most of the 1990s in TeX-related matters, working latterly for Elsevier Science in production support and in LaTeX to SGML conversion. During that time he was heavily involved in the international and UK TeX Users Groups in many capacities, and worked on a variety of LaTeX packages, most notably hyperref. His allegiance today has largely moved to XML, in which capacity he is Oxford's representative on the Board of the Text Encoding Initiative, but he retains a soft spot for the funny backslash and curly bracket language.

Denis Roegel is associate professor in computer science at the University of Nancy. He has been involved in LaTeX for the past 15 years and has a special interest in technical graphics.      Denis discovered computers in the early 1980s, and after studying mathematics and physics, he earned an engineering degree from the École Supérieure d'Électricité and a Ph.D. in computer science from the Université Henri Poincaré in Nancy. He later was a postdoctoral fellow at the State University of New York at Stony Brook.

Herbert Voß is a teacher of mathematics, physics and computer science at a German high school and a lecturer at the Free University of Berlin. For the past three years, he has been heavily involved in maintaining PSTricks and using PostScript from within LaTeX.      Herbert studied Electrical Engineering and Power Electronics in Hannover and Berlin. His first experience with a computer was in 1970 with an IBM machine and Algol60. The first text-processing program he used, in 1982, was Wordstar on a microcomputer with an 8080 chip. From this time on, he also was heavily involved in programming for various projects with Turbo Pascal. He came back to PostScript and LaTeX at the end of the 90s.