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Left-Dislocation in Latin: Topics and Syntax in Republican Texts [Kõva köide]

Now available in Open Access thanks to the support of the University of Helsinki. In the construction known as left-dislocation, an element appears in a fronted position, before the clause to which it belongs, usually introducing the topic of the sentence. Based on a detailed analysis of syntax, information structure and pragmatic organization, this study explores how left-dislocation is used in republican Latin comedy, prose and inscriptions as a device to introduce topics or other pragmatically prominent elements. Taking into consideration especially relative clause syntax and constraints of each text type, Hilla Halla-aho shows that, in the context of early Latin syntax and the evolving standards of the written language, left-dislocation performs similar functions in dramatic dialogue, legal inscriptions and archaic prose.

Arvustused

"(...) it would be a shame if the specialized nature of the study were to limit its readers to advanced philologists and linguists. The writing is clear and generally precise; the nuances separating related technical terms from different areas of specialization are consistently addressed. (...) Thus, this is a book that makes a valuable contribution to the study of early Latin, the relationship between speech and text, and the connections among genres and contexts in Latins first century as a literary language. (...) Scholars already familiar with those debates will find much here with which to engage, while Latinists at all levels can appreciate the window into syntax as a cultural, as much as a linguistic, phenomenon." Jessica H. Clark, Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 2019.09.33.

"The book is replete with interesting observations and demonstrating many strengths. Among the latter, first, Halla-aho sharply parses the Latin of a wide variety of authors (see e.g. the bravura analysis of a passage from Lucretius at pages 148-149), while leaving open the possibility for alternative views. She nimbly wields the tools at her disposal and employs all the available information, including, when relevant, the extralinguistic context: in inscriptions, she examines interpuncts, indentations and so on in order to determine whether LD works hand in hand with other visual devices to mark shifts in topic. Readers will be rewarded by working through this book, which sets a firm foundation for future scholarship on Left Dislocation, particularly in later periods of Latin; it also provides a model for how judicious use of linguistic theory can offer robust descriptions of some apparently familiar topics." Peter Barrios Lech, CJ Online 2021.09.03

Preface ix
1 Introduction
1(20)
1.1 What Is Left-Dislocation? The Aims and Coverage of This Study
1(5)
1.2 Genre, Text Type and Register
6(2)
1.3 Left-Dislocation and Relative Clauses
8(2)
1.4 The Republican Latin Corpus
10(5)
1.5 Left-Dislocation and Early Latin Syntax
15(6)
2 Defining Left-Dislocation
21(41)
2.1 Syntactic and Pragmatic Aspects of Left-Dislocation in Latin
21(14)
2.1.1 The Dislocated Constituent and the Anaphoric Element
25(3)
2.1.2 Information Structure and Discourse Function of LD
28(7)
2.2 Left-Dislocation and the Latin Relative Clause
35(21)
2.2.1 The History of Latin Relative Clauses
36(2)
2.2.2 Types of Latin Relative Clauses
38(2)
2.2.2.1 Nominal Heads (types A1--2 and B1--2)
40(8)
2.2.2.2 Pronominal Antecedents (types C1-2)
48(3)
2.2.3 Notes on Word Order
51(1)
2.2.4 Attractio Inuersa
52(4)
2.3 Earlier Studies on Left-Dislocation in Latin
56(5)
2.4 Concluding Remarks
61(1)
3 Left-Dislocation in Comedy (With an Appendix on Lucretius)
62(91)
3.1 Introduction
62(1)
3.2 Syntactic Description of Left-Dislocation in Comedy
63(36)
3.2.1 Distribution of Cases in LD with Relative Clauses
66(1)
3.2.1.1 Thematic Nominatives
67(6)
3.2.1.2 Anticipation of Main Clause Case
73(3)
3.2.1.3 Attraction of Antecedent (Attractio Inuersa)
76(10)
3.2.2 Relative Clause Syntax
86(1)
3.2.2.1 Types of Antecedents and Elements Preceding Them
86(2)
3.2.2.2 Head-Internal Relative Clauses
88(4)
3.2.2.3 Restrictive and Non-restrictive Relative Clauses
92(2)
3.2.3 Left-Dislocation without a Relative Clause
94(2)
3.2.4 Further Observations on Syntax
96(1)
3.2.4.1 Form of Resumption
96(1)
3.2.4.2 Syntactic Functions and Matrix Clauses
97(1)
3.2.5 Conclusion
98(1)
3.3 Information Structure and Pragmatic Functions of Left-Dislocation in Comedy
99(31)
3.3.1 Active or Accessible Elements Promoted to Discourse Topics
102(8)
3.3.2 Re-activating an Accessible Referent or Introducing a Brand New Referent as Topic
110(10)
3.3.3 Complex Referential Situations
120(2)
3.3.4 Generic Statements
122(1)
3.3.5 Contrastive Contexts
123(3)
3.3.6 Left-Dislocation as a Focusing Device
126(4)
3.4 Discussion and Conclusion
130(7)
3.4.1 Pragmatics and the Function of LD in Comedy
130(2)
3.4.2 Attractions
132(1)
3.4.3 Distribution
133(1)
3.4.4 Is Left-Dislocation in Roman Comedy a Colloquial Feature?
134(3)
3.5 Information Structure and Pragmatic Organization of Head-Internal Relative Clauses (A1 and A2)
137(1)
3.6 Comparison of LD with Sentence-Initial Relative Clauses without Resumption in the Matrix Clause (B2 and C2)
138(7)
3.7 Appendix on LD in Lucretius
145(8)
4 Left-Dislocation in the Epigraphic Material
153(37)
4.1 Introduction
153(5)
4.2 Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus, Sententia Minuciorum, Lex de pariete faciendo
158(12)
4.2.1 ILLRP 511 (CIL I2 581) Senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus
158(3)
4.2.2 ILLRP 517 (CIL I2 584 = V ii 7749) Sententia Minuciorum
161(4)
4.2.3 ILLRP 518 (CIL I2 698 = X 1781) Lex parieti faciendo Puteolana
165(5)
4.3 The Roman Statutes
170(11)
4.3.1 Lex repetundarum (Law 1) and Lex agrarian (Law 2)
171(7)
4.3.2 Other Statutes (Law 14, Law 15, Law 24, Law 25)
178(3)
4.4 Discussion on the Statutes and Other Legal Inscriptions
181(2)
4.5 Relevant Constructions from other (Private) Inscriptions
183(5)
4.6 Discussion and Conclusions
188(2)
5 Left-Dislocation in Republican Prose
190(43)
5.1 Introduction
190(1)
5.2 M. Porcius Cato: De agricultura
190(19)
5.2.1 Constructions without Relative Clauses
191(4)
5.2.2 Constructions with Relative Clauses
195(9)
5.2.3 Lists and Resumption with haec omnia
204(3)
5.2.4 Discussion
207(2)
5.3 Roman Historians and Orators
209(12)
5.3.1 M. Porcius Cato
209(5)
5.3.2 Other Fragmentary Historians and Orators
214(3)
5.3.3 Sallust and Bellum Africum
217(2)
5.3.4 Discussion
219(2)
5.4 M. Terentius Varro
221(10)
5.4.1 Constructions with Relative Clauses
221(7)
5.4.2 Related Constructions
228(2)
5.4.3 Discussion
230(1)
5.5 Conclusion
231(2)
6 Conclusion
233(4)
Bibliography 237(7)
Subject Index 244(4)
Index Locorum 248
Hilla Halla-aho, Ph.D. (2008), University of Helsinki, has published studies on Latin syntax, pragmatics and documentary material. Her earlier publications include the monograph The Non-Literary Latin Letters. A Study of Their Syntax and Pragmatics (2009).