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Legal Data and Information in Practice: How Data and the Law Interact [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 148 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 453 g, 3 Tables, black and white; 3 Line drawings, black and white; 8 Halftones, black and white; 11 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 036764990X
  • ISBN-13: 9780367649906
  • Formaat: Hardback, 148 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 453 g, 3 Tables, black and white; 3 Line drawings, black and white; 8 Halftones, black and white; 11 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 31-Jan-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 036764990X
  • ISBN-13: 9780367649906
Legal Data and Information in Practice provides readers with an understanding of how to facilitate the acquisition, management, and use of legal data in organizations such as libraries, courts, governments, universities, and start-ups.

Presenting a synthesis of information about legal data that will furnish readers with a thorough understanding of the topic, the book also explains why it is becoming crucial that data analysis be integrated into decision-making in the legal space. Legal organizations are looking at how to develop data-driven insights for a variety of purposes and it is, as Sutherland shows, vital that they have the necessary skills to facilitate this work. This book will assist in this endeavour by providing an international perspective on the issues affecting access to legal data and clearly describing methods of obtaining and evaluating it. Sutherland also incorporates advice about how to critically approach data analysis.

Legal Data and Information in Practice will be essential reading for those in the law library community who are based in English-speaking countries with a common law tradition. The book will also be useful to those with a general interest in legal data, including students, academics engaged in the study of information science and law.
List of illustrations
xii
Acknowledgements xiii
Introduction xiv
1 Legal data overview
1(18)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Why look at data?
2(1)
1.3 Applications
3(3)
Business improvement
4(1)
Legal research
4(1)
Academic research
5(1)
Court processes
5(1)
Consumer focused applications
6(1)
1.4 Sources
6(6)
Courts and tribunals
7(2)
Legislative bodies
9(2)
Government departments
11(1)
Law firms and lawyers
11(1)
Academic research
12(1)
Legal technology companies
12(1)
1.5 Global context
12(4)
United States
12(1)
Canada
13(1)
United Kingdom
13(1)
European Union
14(1)
Africa
14(1)
India
15(1)
Singapore
15(1)
Australia
16(1)
1.6 Conclusion
16(3)
2 Sources of data
19(15)
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 Sources
20(9)
Governments
21(1)
Parliamentary bodies
22(1)
Courts
23(3)
Business processes
26(2)
Legal publishers and data providers
28(1)
2.3 Developing data
29(2)
Experimental methodology
29(1)
Proxy data
30(1)
2.4 Strategy
31(1)
2.5 Conclusion
31(3)
3 Data formats
34(15)
3.1 Introduction
34(1)
3.2 Categories
34(2)
3.3 Issues particular to law
36(1)
Case citations
36(1)
Depth of data
36(1)
Machine readable law
36(1)
3.4 Types
37(2)
Numerical
37(1)
Categorical
38(1)
Free text
38(1)
3.5 Delivery formats
39(4)
Spreadsheets
41(1)
Tagged formats
41(1)
Databases
42(1)
APIs
42(1)
3.6 Considerations
43(3)
Data standards
43(1)
Passively and actively collected data
43(1)
Supervised and unsupervised machine learning
44(1)
Law as code and law as data
45(1)
3.7 Planning
46(1)
3.8 Conclusion
47(2)
4 Data analysis techniques
49(16)
4.1 Introduction
49(1)
4.2 Close reading
50(1)
4.3 Statistical analysis
51(4)
Normal distribution
52(1)
Random distribution
52(1)
Linear distribution
52(1)
Multiple points of comparison
53(1)
Techniques
53(2)
Compared to machine learning
55(1)
4.4 Machine learning
55(2)
Supervised learning
56(1)
Unsupervised learning
56(1)
Reinforcement learning
57(1)
4.5 Natural language processing
57(3)
Bag-of-words
58(1)
Vector analysis
59(1)
4.6 Other tools
60(2)
Knowledge bases
60(1)
Decision trees
60(2)
Network analysis
62(1)
4.7 Conclusion
62(3)
5 Interpreting legal data
65(13)
5.2 Introduction
65(1)
5.2 Approaching data analysis
66(1)
5.3 Methodology
67(3)
Statistics
67(2)
Machine learning
69(1)
Natural language
69(1)
5.4 Considerations
70(3)
Correlation and causation
70(1)
Proxy data
71(1)
Sensitivity
71(1)
Suitability
72(1)
Complexity
72(1)
Extrapolation
73(1)
5.5 Concerns
73(2)
Overfitting
74(1)
Bias
75(1)
5.6 Conclusion
75(3)
6 Issues with using legal data
78(15)
6.1 Introduction
78(1)
6.2 Availability
78(1)
6.3 What is missing
79(1)
6.4 Ambiguity
80(1)
6.5 Limitations on language processing
81(1)
6.6 Sampling
82(1)
Analytics and sample size
82(1)
6.7 Cost
83(1)
6.8 Jurisdiction
84(1)
6.9 Structure
84(4)
Case law
85(1)
Legislation
86(1)
Law firms' data
87(1)
6.10 Risks
88(1)
6.11 Conclusion
89(4)
7 Artificial intelligence
93(15)
7.1 Introduction
93(1)
7.2 Definition
93(1)
7.3 Promise and limits
94(1)
7.4 Types of artificial intelligence
95(2)
Statistical analysis
95(1)
Machine learning
96(1)
Vaporware
97(1)
7.5 Process
97(1)
7.6 Likely impacts
98(2)
7.7 Limitations
100(1)
7.8 Concerns
100(4)
Fairness
100(2)
Error and bias
102(1)
Ethics
102(2)
7.9 Thinking critically
104(1)
7.10 Conclusion
105(3)
8 The law and politics of legal data
108(12)
8.1 Introduction
108(1)
8.2 The nature of data based applications
109(1)
8.3 Access to data
110(1)
8.4 Privacy
111(1)
8.5 Jurisdiction
112(3)
Infrastructure
112(1)
Legacy systems
113(1)
Government controls
114(1)
8.6 Primary law
115(1)
8.7 Practice data
116(1)
8.8 The research landscape
116(1)
8.9 Working toward change
117(1)
8.10 Conclusion
118(2)
9 Vision for the future
120(15)
9.1 Introduction
120(1)
9.2 Thinking about the future
121(1)
9.3 Forecasting
122(1)
9.4 Technology adoption dynamics
122(2)
9.5 Issues
124(3)
Data availability
124(2)
Regulation of technology
126(1)
Social concerns
127(1)
9.6 Divergence
127(3)
Jurisdiction
127(1)
Population segments
128(1)
Legal system
129(1)
Culture
129(1)
9.7 Predictions
130(3)
Near term
130(1)
Medium term
131(1)
Long term
132(1)
9.8 Conclusion
133(2)
Bibliography 135(11)
Index 146
Sarah A. Sutherland is President and CEO at the Canadian Legal Information Institute (CanLII) where she works on advancing CanLIIs strategic priorities of providing access to law. She writes and presents regularly on legal data internationally and has a bi-monthly column on Slaw.ca.