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Linguistic Change in Galway City English: A Variationist Sociolinguistic Study of (th) and (dh) in Urban Western Irish English New edition [Kõva köide]

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Linguistic Change in Galway City English: A Variationist Sociolinguistic Study of (th) and (dh) in Urban Western Irish English New editionSuurem pilt
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This volume is a novel approach to the corpus-based variationist sociolinguistic study of contemporary urban western Irish English. Based on qualitative data as well as on linguistic features extracted from the Corpus of Galway City Spoken English, this study approaches the major sociolinguistic characteristics of (th) and (dh) variability in Galway City English. It demonstrates the diverse local patterns of variability and change in the phonetic realisation of the dental fricatives and establishes a considerable degree of divergence from traditional accounts on Irish English. This volume suggests that the linguistic stratification of variants of (th) and (dh) in Galway correlates both with the social stratification of the city itself and with the stratification of speakers by social status, sex/gender and age group.

This volume is a corpus-based variationist sociolinguistic study of contemporary urban western Irish English. It demonstrates the diverse local patterns of variability and change in the phonetic realisation of the dental fricatives (th) and (dh) and establishes a considerable degree of divergence from traditional accounts on Irish English.
Tables
xiii
Figures
xv
Abbreviations xix
Acknowledgements xxi
1 Introduction
1(28)
1.1 Sociolinguistic methods
4(19)
1.1.1 Variationist sociolinguistics, dialectology, and urban dialectology
4(6)
1.1.2 Core variables and concepts of research on language variation and change
10(1)
1.1.2.1 Age cohorts / age groups / generations
10(2)
1.1.2.2 Sex and gender
12(2)
1.1.2.3 Social class, social stratification, and socioeconomic scores
14(3)
1.1.2.4 The vernacular and the Observer's Paradox
17(2)
1.1.2.5 Linguistic style
19(2)
1.1.2.6 Speech communities, communities of practice, social networks and discourse communities
21(2)
1.2 Research aims
23(2)
1.3 Structure of the study
25(4)
2 Galway as social and linguistic area
29(40)
2.1 The city of Galway
30(1)
2.2 Population
31(2)
2.3 Socioeconomic, ethnic and linguistic characteristics of evolving Galway
33(15)
2.3.1 Old Galway
33(5)
2.3.2 Early Modern Galway
38(3)
2.3.3 Modern Galway
41(7)
2.4 Diachronic development of linguistic communities in and around Galway
48(17)
2.4.1 An Cladach/Claddagh
49(4)
2.4.2 Mionlach/Menlough/Menlo
53(3)
2.4.3 An Bothar Mor/Bohermore
56(2)
2.4.4 An Fhaiche Mhor/Eyre Square
58(1)
2.4.5 Barr an Caladh/Woodquay and Newtownsmith
59(2)
2.4.6 The old `west suburb': Dominick Street
61(1)
2.4.7 Bothar na Tra/Salthill
62(1)
2.4.8 An Baile Ban/Ballybane, Radharc na Mara/Mervue and Seantalamh/Shantalla
63(2)
2.5 Implications
65(4)
3 Galway City English as a variety of Irish English
69(40)
3.1 A feature-based approach to Irish English
70(4)
3.2 Irish English and three waves of sociolinguistics
74(13)
3.2.1 Milroy and Milroy (1978): Belfast
76(1)
3.2.2 Harris (1985): Belfast
77(1)
3.2.3 McCafferty (2001): (London)Derry
78(1)
3.2.4 Collins (1997): Claddagh, Galway City
79(1)
3.2.5 Sell (2009 and 2012): Galway City
80(1)
3.2.6 Peters (2012 and 2013): An Bothar Mor/Bohermore, Galway City
81(1)
3.2.7 Bertz (1975, 1987), Hickey (2005), and Lonergan (2013): Dublin
82(3)
3.2.8 Implications
85(2)
3.3 English in Galway City, Connacht, and Ireland's West
87(10)
3.3.1 Vowel features of Galway City English
88(1)
3.3.1.1 /ε/-raising (Pen/Pin merger)
89(1)
3.3.1.2 Final [ e] or [ ei] in Happy
90(1)
3.3.1.3 Diphthongisation in Goat/Home and Face/Name
90(1)
3.3.1.4 Price and Mouth
91(1)
3.3.1.5 Start
92(1)
3.3.1.6 Thought, Lot, Choice
92(1)
3.3.1.7 Strut
93(1)
3.3.1.8 Schwa epenthesis
94(1)
3.3.2 Consonantal features of Galway City English
94(1)
3.3.2.1 /s/-palatalisation, /v/-/w/ interchange and /hw/- velarisation
95(1)
3.3.2.2 Thin, Faith and Then, Breathe
96(1)
3.4 Dental fricatives in Irish English
97(10)
3.4.1 Variants of (th) and (dh)
99(4)
3.4.2 Patterns of distribution
103(4)
3.5 Implications
107(2)
4 Methods of data collection and analysis
109(28)
4.1 Fieldwork
109(1)
4.2 Sampling method
110(4)
4.2.1 Apparent-time method
111(1)
4.2.2 Stratified random sampling, snowball sampling and participant observation
112(2)
4.3 Data collection and interview design
114(4)
4.4 The informants
118(9)
4.4.1 Age and sex
122(1)
4.4.2 Socioeconomic Index Scores
123(4)
4.5 The corpus
127(1)
4.6 Research ethics and subject anonymity
128(2)
4.7 Univariate, bivariate and trivariate analysis
130(1)
4.8 Subset of data for variation analysis
130(2)
4.9 Factor groups and coding
132(2)
4.10 Phonetic analysis
134(1)
4.11 Summary
135(2)
5 Analysis of (th, dh)-variability in Galway City English
137(52)
5.1 The variables (th) and (dh) in the CGCSE
138(1)
5.2 Distribution of variants of (th) and (dh) in the subset of data
139(50)
5.2.1 Linguistic factors
142(1)
5.2.1.1 Position in word
143(2)
5.2.1.2 Number of syllables
145(1)
5.2.1.3 Position in syllable
146(2)
5.2.1.4 Word stress
148(1)
5.2.1.5 Preceding phonological environment
149(3)
5.2.1.6 Following phonological environment
152(2)
5.2.1.7 Word class and part of speech
154(6)
5.2.1.8 Linguistic factors: summary of findings
160(3)
5.2.2 Social factors
163(1)
5.2.2.1 Factor `age'
163(4)
5.2.2.2 Factor `sex'
167(2)
5.2.2.3 Factors `sex' and `age'
169(2)
5.2.2.4 Factor `socioeconomic group'
171(3)
5.2.2.5 Factors `socioeconomic group' and `age'
174(3)
5.2.2.6 Factors `socioeconomic group' `age' and `sex'
177(4)
5.2.2.7 Factor `neighbourhood'
181(3)
5.2.2.8 Social factors: summary of findings
184(5)
6 Discussion and conclusions
189(8)
6.1 Research aims and methodology revisited
189(2)
6.2 Results and implications
191(3)
6.3 Limitations and future research
194(3)
Appendix I Coding scheme 197(2)
Appendix II Samples from the coded data 199(2)
Appendix III Sample transcript from the CGCSE 201(4)
References 205(14)
Index 219
Arne Peters works as a lecturer and researcher at the University of Potsdam (Germany). His main research interests involve the fields of language variation and change, sociolinguistics, corpus linguistics, multilingualism and World Englishes.