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Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data Space [Pehme köide]

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Linked Data: Evolving the Web into a Global Data SpaceSuurem pilt
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Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781608454303.html
The World Wide Web has enabled the creation of a global information space comprising linked documents. As the Web becomes ever more enmeshed with our daily lives, there is a growing desire for direct access to raw data not currently available on the Web or bound up in hypertext documents. Linked Data provides a publishing paradigm in which not only documents, but also data, can be a first class citizen of the Web, thereby enabling the extension of the Web with a global data space based on open standards - the Web of Data. In this Synthesis lecture we provide readers with a detailed technical introduction to Linked Data. We begin by outlining the basic principles of Linked Data, including coverage of relevant aspects of Web architecture. The remainder of the text is based around two main themes - the publication and consumption of Linked Data. Drawing on a practical Linked Data scenario, we provide guidance and best practices on: architectural approaches to publishing Linked Data; choosing URIs and vocabularies to identify and describe resources; deciding what data to return in a description of a resource on the Web; methods and frameworks for automated linking of data sets; and testing and debugging approaches for Linked Data deployments. We give an overview of existing Linked Data applications and then examine the architectures that are used to consume Linked Data from the Web, alongside existing tools and frameworks that enable these. Readers can expect to gain a rich technical understanding of Linked Data fundamentals, as the basis for application development, research or further study.
List of Figures
xi
Preface xiii
1 Introduction
1(6)
1.1 The Data Deluge
1(1)
1.2 The Rationale for Linked Data
2(2)
1.2.1 Structure Enables Sophisticated Processing
2(1)
1.2.2 Hyperlinks Connect Distributed Data
3(1)
1.3 From Data Islands to a Global Data Space
4(1)
1.4 Introducing Big Lynx Productions
5(2)
2 Principles of Linked Data
7(22)
2.1 The Principles in a Nutshell
7(2)
2.2 Naming Things with URIs
9(1)
2.3 Making URIs Defererenceable
10(5)
2.3.1 303 URIs
11(2)
2.3.2 Hash URIs
13(1)
2.3.3 Hash versus 303
14(1)
2.4 Providing Useful RDF Information
15(5)
2.4.1 The RDF Data Model
15(3)
2.4.2 RDF Serialization Formats
18(2)
2.5 Including Links to other Things
20(5)
2.5.1 Relationship Links
21(1)
2.5.2 Identity Links
22(2)
2.5.3 Vocabulary Links
24(1)
2.6 Conclusions
25(4)
3 The Web of Data
29(12)
3.1 Bootstrapping the Web of Data
30(1)
3.2 Topology of the Web of Data
30(9)
3.2.1 Cross-Domain Data
33(1)
3.2.2 Geographic Data
34(1)
3.2.3 Media Data
34(1)
3.2.4 Government Data
35(1)
3.2.5 Libraries and Education
36(1)
3.2.6 Life Sciences Data
37(1)
3.2.7 Retail and Commerce
38(1)
3.2.8 User Generated Content and Social Media
38(1)
3.3 Conclusions
39(2)
4 Linked Data Design Considerations
41(28)
4.1 Using URIs as Names for Things
41(3)
4.1.1 Minting HTTP URIs
41(1)
4.1.2 Guidelines for Creating Cool URIs
42(1)
4.1.3 Example URIs
43(1)
4.2 Describing Things with RDF
44(4)
4.2.1 Literal Triples and Outgoing Links
45(1)
4.2.2 Incoming Links
46(1)
4.2.3 Triples that Describe Related Resources
46(1)
4.2.4 Triples that Describe the Description
47(1)
4.3 Publishing Data about Data
48(8)
4.3.1 Describing a Data Set
48(4)
4.3.2 Provenance Metadata
52(1)
4.3.3 Licenses, Waivers and Norms for Data
52(4)
4.4 Choosing and Using Vocabularies to Describe Data
56(8)
4.4.1 SKOS, RDFS and OWL
56(1)
4.4.2 RDFS Basics
57(3)
4.4.3 A Little OWL
60(1)
4.4.4 Reusing Existing Terms
61(1)
4.4.5 Selecting Vocabularies
62(1)
4.4.6 Defining Terms
63(1)
4.5 Making Links with RDF
64(5)
4.5.1 Making Links within a Data Set
64(1)
4.5.2 Making Links with External Data Sources
64(2)
4.5.3 Setting RDF Links Manually
66(1)
4.5.4 Auto-generating RDF Links
66(3)
5 Recipes for Publishing Linked Data
69(16)
5.1 Linked Data Publishing Patterns
69(3)
5.1.1 Patterns in a Nutshell
69(2)
5.1.2 Additional Considerations
71(1)
5.2 The Recipes
72(8)
5.2.1 Serving Linked Data as Static RDF/XML Files
72(2)
5.2.2 Serving Linked Data as RDF Embedded in HTML Files
74(3)
5.2.3 Serving RDF and HTML with Custom Server-Side Scripts
77(1)
5.2.4 Serving Linked Data from Relational Databases
77(2)
5.2.5 Serving Linked Data from RDF Triple Stores
79(1)
5.2.6 Serving Linked Data by Wrapping Existing Application or Web APIs
79(1)
5.3 Additional Approaches to Publishing Linked Data
80(1)
5.4 Testing and Debugging Linked Data
80(2)
5.5 Linked Data Publishing Checklist
82(3)
6 Consuming Linked Data
85(24)
6.1 Deployed Linked Data Applications
85(8)
6.1.1 Generic Applications
86(4)
6.1.2 Domain-specific Applications
90(3)
6.2 Developing a Linked Data Mashup
93(4)
6.2.1 Software Requirements
94(1)
6.2.2 Accessing Linked Data URIs
94(1)
6.2.3 Representing Data Locally using Named Graphs
95(1)
6.2.4 Querying Local Data with SPARQL
96(1)
6.3 Architecture of Linked Data Applications
97(8)
6.3.1 Accessing the Web of Data
100(1)
6.3.2 Vocabulary Mapping
101(1)
6.3.3 Identity Resolution
102(1)
6.3.4 Provenance Tracking
103(1)
6.3.5 Data Quality Assessment
103(2)
6.3.6 Caching Web Data Locally
105(1)
6.3.7 Using Web Data in the Application Context
105(1)
6.4 Effort Distribution between Publishers, Consumers and Third Parties
105(4)
7 Summary and Outlook
109(2)
Bibliography 111(110)
Authors' Biographies 221