Preface |
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xi | |
Nomenclature |
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xiii | |
Author Biography |
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xix | |
Introductory Remarks |
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xxi | |
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PART I Thermodynamic and Mechanical Aspects of Interfacial Phenomena and Phase Transitions |
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Chapter 1 The Liquid-Vapor Interfacial Region: A Nanoscale Perspective |
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3 | (36) |
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1.1 A Molecular Perspective on Liquid-Vapor Transitions |
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3 | (8) |
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1.2 The Interfacial Region - Molecular Theories of Capillarity |
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11 | (6) |
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1.3 Nanoscale Features of the Interfacial Region |
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17 | (4) |
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1.4 Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Interfacial Region Thermophysics |
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21 | (5) |
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26 | (8) |
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34 | (2) |
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36 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 The Liquid-Vapor Interface: A Macroscopic Treatment |
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39 | (30) |
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2.1 Thermodynamic Analysis of Interfacial Tension Effects |
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39 | (6) |
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2.2 Determination of Interface Shapes at Equilibrium |
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45 | (6) |
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2.3 Temperature and Surfactant Effects on Interfacial Tension |
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51 | (3) |
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2.4 Surface Tension in Mixtures |
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54 | (2) |
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2.5 Near Critical Point Behavior |
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56 | (1) |
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2.6 Effects of Interfacial Tension Gradients |
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57 | (7) |
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64 | (1) |
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65 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 Wetting Phenomena and Contact Angles |
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69 | (40) |
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3.1 Equilibrium Contact Angles on Smooth Surfaces |
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69 | (3) |
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3.2 Wettability, Cohesion, and Adhesion |
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72 | (4) |
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3.3 The Effect of Liquid Surface Tension on Contact Angle |
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76 | (3) |
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3.4 Adsorption and Spread Thin Films |
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79 | (6) |
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3.5 Contact Angle Hysteresis |
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85 | (5) |
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3.6 Other Metrics for Wettability |
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90 | (4) |
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3.7 A Nanoscale View of Wettability |
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94 | (2) |
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3.8 Wetting of Microstructured and Nanostructured Surfaces |
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96 | (7) |
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103 | (2) |
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105 | (4) |
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Chapter 4 Transport Effects and Dynamic Behavior at Interfaces |
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109 | (44) |
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4.1 Transport Boundary Conditions |
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109 | (4) |
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4.2 Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities |
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113 | (8) |
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4.3 Interface Stability of Liquid Jets |
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121 | (6) |
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4.4 Waves on Liquid Films |
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127 | (7) |
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4.5 Interfacial Resistance in Vaporization and Condensation Processes |
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134 | (8) |
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4.6 Maximum Flux Limitations |
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142 | (4) |
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4.7 Non-Equilibrium and Heat Flux Effects on Interface Boundary Conditions |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Phase Stability and Homogeneous Nucleation |
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153 | (50) |
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5.1 Metastable States and Phase Stability |
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153 | (11) |
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5.2 Thermodynamic Aspects of Homogeneous Nucleation in Superheated Liquid |
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164 | (7) |
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5.3 The Kinetic Limit of Superheat |
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171 | (5) |
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5.4 Comparison of Theoretical and Measured Superheat Limits |
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176 | (4) |
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5.5 Thermodynamic Aspects of Homogeneous Nucleation in Supercooled Vapor |
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180 | (4) |
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5.6 The Kinetic Limit of Supersaturation |
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184 | (5) |
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5.7 Wall Interaction Effects on Homogeneous Nucleation |
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189 | (3) |
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192 | (5) |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (5) |
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PART II Boiling and Condensation Near Immersed Bodies |
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Chapter 6 Heterogeneous Nucleation and Bubble Growth in Liquids |
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203 | (46) |
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6.1 Heterogeneous Nucleation at a Smooth Interface |
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203 | (6) |
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6.2 Nucleation from Entrapped Gas or Vapor in Cavities |
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209 | (8) |
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6.3 Criteria for the Onset of Nucleate Boiling |
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217 | (5) |
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6.4 Bubble Growth in an Extensive Liquid Pool |
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222 | (6) |
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6.5 Bubble Growth Near Heated Surfaces |
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228 | (7) |
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6.6 Bubble Departure Diameter and the Frequency of Bubble Release |
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235 | (7) |
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242 | (3) |
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245 | (4) |
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249 | (82) |
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7.1 Regimes of Pool Boiling |
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249 | (5) |
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7.2 Mechanisms and Models of Transport During Nucleate Boiling |
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254 | (11) |
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7.3 Correlation of Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer Data |
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265 | (10) |
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7.4 Limitations of Nucleate Boiling Processes and the Maximum Heat Flux Transition |
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275 | (16) |
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7.5 Minimum Heat Flux Conditions |
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291 | (2) |
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293 | (23) |
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316 | (6) |
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322 | (5) |
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327 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Other Aspects of Boiling and Evaporation in an Extensive Ambient |
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331 | (60) |
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8.1 Additional Parametric Effects on Pool Boiling |
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331 | (10) |
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8.2 The Leidenfrost Phenomenon |
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341 | (10) |
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8.3 Fluid-Wall Interactions and Disjoining Pressure Effects |
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351 | (11) |
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8.4 Pool Boiling Heat Transfer on Micro and Nano Structured Surfaces |
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362 | (5) |
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8.5 Fundamentals of Pool Boiling in Binary Mixtures |
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367 | (14) |
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381 | (6) |
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387 | (4) |
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Chapter 9 External Condensation |
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391 | (62) |
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9.1 Heterogeneous Nucleation in Vapors |
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391 | (4) |
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9.2 Dropwise Condensation |
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395 | (9) |
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9.3 Film Condensation on a Flat, Vertical Surface |
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404 | (15) |
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9.4 Film Condensation on Cylinders and Axisymmetric Bodies |
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419 | (4) |
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9.5 Effects of Vapor Motion and Interfacial Waves |
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423 | (5) |
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9.6 Condensation in the Presence of a Noncondensable Gas |
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428 | (10) |
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9.7 Enhancement of Condensation Heat Transfer |
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438 | (4) |
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442 | (5) |
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447 | (6) |
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PART III Internal Flow Convective Boiling and Condensation |
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Chapter 10 Introduction to Two-Phase Flow |
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453 | (54) |
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10.1 Two-Phase Flow Regimes |
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453 | (10) |
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10.2 Basic Models and Governing Equations for One-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow |
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463 | (7) |
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10.3 Determination of the Two-Phase Multiplier and Void Fraction |
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470 | (17) |
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10.4 Analytical Models of Annular Flow |
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487 | (11) |
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10.5 Effects of Flow Passage Size and Geometry |
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498 | (2) |
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500 | (3) |
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503 | (4) |
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Chapter 11 Internal Convective Condensation |
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507 | (48) |
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11.1 Regimes of Convective Condensation in Conventional (Macro) Tubes |
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507 | (4) |
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11.2 Analytical Modeling of Downflow Internal Convective Condensation |
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511 | (8) |
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11.3 Correlation Methods for Convective Condensation Heat Transfer |
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519 | (16) |
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11.4 Convective Condensation in Microchannels, Advanced Modeling, and Special Topics |
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535 | (7) |
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11.5 Internal Convective Condensation of Binary Mixtures |
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542 | (7) |
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549 | (3) |
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552 | (3) |
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Chapter 12 Convective Boiling in Tubes and Channels |
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555 | (108) |
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12.1 Regimes of Convective Boiling in Conventional (Macro) Tubes |
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555 | (6) |
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12.2 Onset of Boiling in Internal Flows |
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561 | (6) |
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12.3 Subcooled Flow Boiling |
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567 | (8) |
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12.4 Saturated Flow Boiling |
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575 | (15) |
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12.5 Critical Heat Flux Conditions for Internal Flow Boiling |
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590 | (18) |
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12.6 Post-CHF Internal Flow Boiling |
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608 | (17) |
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12.7 Internal Flow Boiling in Microchannels and Complex Enhanced Flow Passages |
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625 | (14) |
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12.8 Internal Flow Boiling of Binary Mixtures |
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639 | (11) |
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650 | (11) |
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661 | (2) |
Appendix I Basic Elements of the Kinetic Theory of Gases |
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663 | (10) |
Appendix II Saturation Properties of Selected Fluids |
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673 | (8) |
Appendix III Analysis Details for the Molecular Theory of Capillarity |
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681 | (6) |
Index |
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687 | |