About The Authors |
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iv | |
Preface |
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xv | |
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PART ONE MODELING, COMPUTERS, AND ERROR ANALYSIS |
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2 | (115) |
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2 | (2) |
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PT1.2 Mathematical Background |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (4) |
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Chapter 1 Mathematical Modeling and Engineering Problem Solving |
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11 | (17) |
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1.1 A Simple Mathematical Model |
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11 | (7) |
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1.2 Conservation Laws and Engineering |
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18 | (10) |
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21 | (7) |
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Chapter 2 Programming and Software |
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28 | (29) |
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2.1 Packages and Programming |
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28 | (1) |
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2.2 Structured Programming |
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29 | (9) |
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38 | (2) |
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40 | (4) |
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44 | (4) |
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48 | (1) |
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2.7 Other Languages and Libraries |
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49 | (8) |
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50 | (7) |
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Chapter 3 Approximations and Round-Off Errors |
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57 | (26) |
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58 | (2) |
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3.2 Accuracy and Precision |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (6) |
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67 | (16) |
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81 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Truncation Errors and the Taylor Series |
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83 | (34) |
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83 | (16) |
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99 | (5) |
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4.3 Total Numerical Error |
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104 | (4) |
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4.4 Blunders, Formulation Errors, and Data Uncertainty |
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108 | (4) |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (3) |
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PT1.5 Important Relationships and Formulas |
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115 | (1) |
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PT1.6 Advanced Methods and Additional References |
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115 | (2) |
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PART TWO ROOTS OF EQUATIONS |
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117 | (118) |
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117 | (2) |
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PT2.2 Mathematical Background |
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119 | (1) |
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120 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Bracketing Methods |
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124 | (22) |
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124 | (4) |
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128 | (8) |
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5.3 The False-Position Method |
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136 | (6) |
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5.4 Incremental Searches and Determining Initial Guesses |
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142 | (4) |
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143 | (3) |
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146 | (31) |
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6.1 Simple Fixed-Point Iteration |
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147 | (5) |
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6.2 The Newton-Raphson Method |
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152 | (6) |
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158 | (5) |
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163 | (4) |
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167 | (3) |
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6.6 Systems of Nonlinear Equations |
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170 | (7) |
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174 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Roots of Polynomials |
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177 | (29) |
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7.1 Polynomials in Engineering and Science |
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177 | (3) |
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7.2 Computing with Polynomials |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (4) |
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188 | (5) |
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193 | (1) |
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7.7 Root Location with Software Packages |
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193 | (13) |
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204 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Case Studies: Roots of Equations |
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206 | (29) |
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8.1 Ideal and Nonideal Gas Laws (Chemical/Bio Engineering) |
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206 | (3) |
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8.2 Greenhouse Gases and Rainwater (Civil/Environmental Engineering) |
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209 | (2) |
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8.3 Design of an Electric Circuit (Electrical Engineering) |
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211 | (3) |
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8.4 Pipe Friction (Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering) |
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214 | (17) |
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218 | (13) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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PT2.5 Important Relationships and Formulas |
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232 | (1) |
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PT2.6 Advanced Methods and Additional References |
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232 | (3) |
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PART THREE LINEAR ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS |
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235 | (115) |
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235 | (2) |
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PT3.2 Mathematical Background |
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237 | (8) |
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245 | (4) |
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Chapter 9 Gauss Elimination |
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249 | (34) |
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9.1 Solving Small Numbers of Equations |
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249 | (7) |
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9.2 Naive Gauss Elimination |
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256 | (6) |
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9.3 Pitfalls of Elimination Methods |
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262 | (6) |
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9.4 Techniques for Improving Solutions |
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268 | (7) |
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275 | (1) |
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9.6 Nonlinear Systems of Equations |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (2) |
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279 | (4) |
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280 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 LU Decomposition and Matrix Inversion |
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283 | (22) |
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283 | (9) |
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292 | (4) |
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10.3 Error Analysis and System Condition |
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296 | (9) |
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302 | (3) |
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Chapter 11 Special Matrices and Gauss-Seidel |
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305 | (20) |
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305 | (4) |
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309 | (7) |
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11.3 Linear Algebraic Equations with Software Packages |
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316 | (9) |
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321 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 Case Studies: Linear Algebraic Equations |
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325 | (25) |
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12.1 Steady-State Analysis of a System of Reactors (Chemical/Bio Engineering) |
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325 | (3) |
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12.2 Analysis of a Statically Determinate Truss (Civil/Environmental Engineering) |
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328 | (4) |
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12.3 Currents and Voltages in Resistor Circuits (Electrical Engineering) |
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332 | (2) |
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12.4 Spring-Mass Systems (Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering) |
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334 | (13) |
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337 | (10) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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PT3.5 Important Relationships and Formulas |
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348 | (1) |
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PT3.6 Advanced Methods and Additional References |
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348 | (2) |
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350 | (97) |
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350 | (5) |
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PT4.2 Mathematical Background |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (3) |
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Chapter 13 One-Dimensional Unconstrained Optimization |
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360 | (15) |
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13.1 Golden-Section Search |
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361 | (7) |
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13.2 Parabolic Interpolation |
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368 | (2) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (4) |
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373 | (2) |
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Chapter 14 Multidimensional Unconstrained Optimization |
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375 | (20) |
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376 | (4) |
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380 | (15) |
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393 | (2) |
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Chapter 15 Constrained Optimization |
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395 | (26) |
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395 | (11) |
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15.2 Nonlinear Constrained Optimization |
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406 | (1) |
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15.3 Optimization with Software Packages |
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407 | (14) |
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418 | (3) |
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Chapter 16 Case Studies: Optimization |
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421 | (26) |
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16.1 Least-Cost Design of a Tank (Chemical/Bio Engineering) |
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421 | (5) |
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16.2 Least-Cost Treatment of Wastewater (Civil/Environmental Engineering) |
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426 | (4) |
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16.3 Maximum Power Transfer for a Circuit (Electrical Engineering) |
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430 | (4) |
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16.4 Equilibrium and Minimum Potential Energy (Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering) |
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434 | (11) |
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436 | (9) |
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445 | (1) |
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445 | (1) |
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PT4.5 Additional References |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (149) |
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447 | (2) |
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PT5.2 Mathematical Background |
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449 | (9) |
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458 | (4) |
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Chapter 17 Least-Squares Regression |
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462 | (34) |
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462 | (16) |
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17.2 Polynomial Regression |
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478 | (4) |
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17.3 Multiple Linear Regression |
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482 | (3) |
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17.4 General Linear Least Squares |
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485 | (4) |
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17.5 Nonlinear Regression |
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489 | (7) |
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493 | (3) |
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496 | (39) |
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18.1 Newton's Divided-Difference Interpolating Polynomials |
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497 | (11) |
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18.2 Lagrange Interpolating Polynomials |
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508 | (5) |
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18.3 Coefficients of an Interpolating Polynomial |
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513 | (1) |
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18.4 Inverse Interpolation |
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513 | (1) |
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514 | (3) |
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18.6 Spline Interpolation |
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517 | (12) |
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18.7 Multidimensional Interpolation |
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529 | (6) |
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531 | (4) |
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Chapter 19 Fourier Approximation |
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535 | (37) |
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19.1 Curve Fitting with Sinusoidal Functions |
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536 | (6) |
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19.2 Continuous Fourier Series |
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542 | (3) |
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19.3 Frequency and Time Domains |
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545 | (4) |
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19.4 Fourier Integral and Transform |
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549 | (2) |
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19.5 Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) |
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551 | (3) |
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19.6 Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) |
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554 | (6) |
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560 | (1) |
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19.8 Curve Fitting with Software Packages |
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561 | (11) |
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570 | (2) |
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Chapter 20 Case Studies: Curve Fitting |
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572 | (24) |
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20.1 Fitting Enzyme Kinetics (Chemical/Bio Engineering) |
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572 | (4) |
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20.2 Use of Splines to Estimate Heat Transfer (Civil/Environmental Engineering) |
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576 | (2) |
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20.3 Fourier Analysis (Electrical Engineering) |
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578 | (1) |
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20.4 Analysis of Experimental Data (Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering) |
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579 | (13) |
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581 | (11) |
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592 | (1) |
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592 | (1) |
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PT5.5 Important Relationships and Formulas |
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593 | (1) |
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PT5.6 Advanced Methods and Additional References |
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594 | (2) |
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PART SIX NUMERICAL DIFFERENTIATION AND INTEGRATION |
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596 | (115) |
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596 | (10) |
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PT6.2 Mathematical Background |
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606 | (2) |
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608 | (4) |
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Chapter 21 Newton-Cotes Integration Formulas |
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612 | (30) |
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21.1 The Trapezoidal Rule |
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614 | (10) |
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624 | (9) |
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21.3 Integration with Unequal Segments |
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633 | (3) |
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21.4 Open Integration Formulas |
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636 | (1) |
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636 | (6) |
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638 | (4) |
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Chapter 22 Integration of Equations |
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642 | (25) |
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22.1 Newton-Cotes Algorithms for Equations |
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642 | (1) |
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643 | (6) |
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649 | (2) |
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651 | (8) |
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659 | (3) |
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22.6 Monte Carlo Integration |
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662 | (5) |
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664 | (3) |
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Chapter 23 Numerical Differentiation |
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667 | (18) |
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23.1 High-Accuracy Differentiation Formulas |
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667 | (3) |
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23.2 Richardson Extrapolation |
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670 | (2) |
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23.3 Derivatives of Unequally Spaced Data |
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672 | (1) |
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23.4 Derivatives and Integrals for Data with Errors |
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673 | (1) |
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674 | (1) |
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23.6 Numerical Integration/Differentiation with Software Packages |
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675 | (10) |
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682 | (3) |
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Chapter 24 Case Studies: Numerical Integration and Differentiation |
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685 | (26) |
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24.1 Integration to Determine the Total Quantity of Heat (Chemical/Bio Engineering) |
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685 | (2) |
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24.2 Effective Force on the Mast of a Racing Sailboat (Civil/Environmental Engineering) |
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687 | (2) |
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24.3 Root-Mean-Square Current by Numerical Integration (Electrical Engineering) |
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689 | (3) |
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24.4 Numerical Integration to Compute Work (Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering) |
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692 | (16) |
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696 | (12) |
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708 | (1) |
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708 | (1) |
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PT6.5 Important Relationships and Formulas |
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709 | (1) |
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PT6.6 Advanced Methods and Additional References |
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709 | (2) |
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PART SEVEN ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS |
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711 | (147) |
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711 | (4) |
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PT7.2 Mathematical Background |
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715 | (2) |
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717 | (4) |
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Chapter 25 Runge-Kutta Methods |
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721 | (46) |
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722 | (11) |
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25.2 Improvements of Euler's Method |
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733 | (8) |
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741 | (10) |
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25.4 Systems of Equations |
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751 | (5) |
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25.5 Adaptive Runge-Kutta Methods |
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756 | (11) |
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764 | (3) |
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Chapter 26 Stiffness and Multistep Methods |
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767 | (26) |
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767 | (4) |
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771 | (22) |
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791 | (2) |
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Chapter 27 Boundary-Value and Eigenvalue Problems |
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793 | (30) |
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27.1 General Methods for Boundary-Value Problems |
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794 | (7) |
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801 | (12) |
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27.3 ODEs and Eigenvalues with Software Packages |
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813 | (10) |
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820 | (3) |
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Chapter 28 Case Studies: Ordinary Differential Equations |
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823 | (35) |
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28.1 Using ODEs to Analyze the Transient Response of a Reactor (Chemical/Bio Engineering) |
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823 | (7) |
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28.2 Predator-Prey Models and Chaos (Civil/Environmental Engineering) |
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830 | (4) |
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28.3 Simulating Transient Current for an Electric Circuit (Electrical Engineering) |
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834 | (5) |
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28.4 The Swinging Pendulum (Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering) |
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839 | (16) |
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843 | (12) |
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855 | (1) |
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855 | (1) |
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PT7.5 Important Relationships and Formulas |
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856 | (1) |
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PT7.6 Advanced Methods and Additional References |
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856 | (2) |
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PART EIGHT PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS |
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858 | (88) |
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858 | (4) |
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862 | (3) |
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Chapter 29 Finite Difference: Elliptic Equations |
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865 | (21) |
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29.1 The Laplace Equation |
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865 | (2) |
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867 | (6) |
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873 | (6) |
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29.4 The Control-Volume Approach |
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879 | (3) |
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29.5 Software to Solve Elliptic Equations |
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882 | (4) |
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883 | (3) |
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Chapter 30 Finite Difference: Parabolic Equations |
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886 | (17) |
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30.1 The Heat-Conduction Equation |
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886 | (1) |
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887 | (4) |
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30.3 A Simple Implicit Method |
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891 | (4) |
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30.4 The Crank-Nicolson Method |
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895 | (3) |
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30.5 Parabolic Equations in Two Spatial Dimensions |
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898 | (5) |
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901 | (2) |
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Chapter 31 Finite-Element Method |
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903 | (25) |
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31.1 The General Approach |
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904 | (4) |
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31.2 Finite-Element Application in One Dimension |
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908 | (9) |
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31.3 Two-Dimensional Problems |
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917 | (4) |
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31.4 Solving PDEs with Software Packages |
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921 | (7) |
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925 | (3) |
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Chapter 32 Case Studies: Partial Differential Equations |
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928 | (18) |
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32.1 One-Dimensional Mass Balance of a Reactor (Chemical/Bio Engineering) |
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928 | (4) |
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32.2 Deflections of a Plate (Civil/Environmental Engineering) |
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932 | (2) |
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32.3 Two-Dimensional Electrostatic Field Problems (Electrical Engineering) |
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934 | (3) |
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32.4 Finite-Element Solution of a Series of Springs (Mechanical/Aerospace Engineering) |
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937 | (7) |
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941 | (3) |
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944 | (1) |
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944 | (1) |
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PT8.4 Important Relationships and Formulas |
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944 | (1) |
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PT8.5 Advanced Methods and Additional References |
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945 | (1) |
Appendix A The Fourier Series |
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946 | (2) |
Appendix B Getting Started With Matlab |
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948 | (8) |
Appendix C Getting Started With Mathcad |
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956 | (11) |
Bibliography |
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967 | (3) |
Index |
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970 | |