| Dear Reader |
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xx | |
| Preface |
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xxi | |
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Chapter 1 Geography: An Exploration of Connections |
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1 | (62) |
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3 | (1) |
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Geographers' Visual Tools |
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4 | (5) |
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4 | (4) |
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Geographic Information Science (GISc) |
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8 | (1) |
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The Detective Work of Photo Interpretation |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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Geographic Themes in This Book |
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11 | (1) |
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Environment: Physical and Human |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (3) |
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Landforms: The Sculpting of Earth |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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External Landscape Processes |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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Human Impact on the Environment |
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15 | (5) |
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18 | (2) |
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Photo Essay Human Impact on the Biosphere |
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20 | (4) |
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Vulnerability to Climate Change |
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22 | (2) |
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Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change |
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24 | (2) |
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Responding to Climate Change |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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Calculating Water Use per Capita |
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27 | (1) |
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Water: Who Gets Access to It? Who Owns It? |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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Agriculture: Early Human Impacts on the Physical Environment |
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28 | (1) |
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Modern Food Production and Food Security |
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29 | (1) |
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Globalization and Development |
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30 | (1) |
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The Transitions of Development |
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31 | (1) |
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Classifications of Development |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Measures of Economic Development |
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31 | (1) |
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Measures of Human Development |
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32 | (1) |
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Sustainable Development and Political Ecology |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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What Is the Global Economy? |
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33 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Globalization and Development |
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34 | (4) |
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The Debate over Globalization and Free Trade |
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37 | (1) |
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Reforming Free Trade and Development Institutions |
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38 | (1) |
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Globalization, Development, and Government |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (1) |
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How Deep Do Political Freedoms Go? |
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39 | (1) |
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What Factors Encourage the Expansion of Political Freedoms? |
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39 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Power and Politics |
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40 | (2) |
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42 | (1) |
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International Cooperation |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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Urban Growth in Less Developed Countries |
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43 | (1) |
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Urban Migration, Opportunity, and Gender |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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Urban Planning and the Environment |
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46 | (1) |
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Population, Gender, and Culture |
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46 | (1) |
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Global Spatial Variations in Population Density and Growth |
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46 | (1) |
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Global Patterns of Population Growth |
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46 | (1) |
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The Demographic Transition: Population Growth Rates and Human Development |
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47 | (3) |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture |
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52 | (2) |
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Gender Equality and Development |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (1) |
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Human Trafficking and Modern Slavery |
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54 | (1) |
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54 | (9) |
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Ethnicity and Culture: Slippery Concepts |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Religion and Belief Systems |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (3) |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (66) |
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What Makes North America a Region? |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Environment: Physical and Human |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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Climate Change and Air Pollution |
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69 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in North America |
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70 | (5) |
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72 | (1) |
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Loss of Natural Habitat and Urbanization |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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75 | (5) |
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The Peopling of North America |
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75 | (2) |
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The European Transformation |
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77 | (1) |
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Expansion West of the Mississippi and Great Lakes |
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78 | (1) |
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European Settlement and American Indians and Aboriginal Peoples |
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79 | (1) |
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The Changing Regional Composition of North America |
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80 | (1) |
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Globalization and Development |
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80 | (1) |
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From Manufacturing to Services |
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80 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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Globalization and Free Trade |
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81 | (2) |
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The Asian Link to Globalization |
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83 | (1) |
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Backlash Against Globalization and Free Trade |
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83 | (1) |
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U.S.-Canadian Economic Interdependence |
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83 | (1) |
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83 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Globalization and Development in North America |
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84 | (2) |
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North America's Changing Food-Production Systems |
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86 | (2) |
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Family Farms Give Way to Agribusiness |
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86 | (1) |
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Food Production and Sustainability |
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86 | (2) |
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Changing Transportation Networks and the North American Economy |
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88 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Influence of the United States and Canada Abroad |
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88 | (1) |
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Challenges to the United States' Global Power |
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89 | (1) |
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The Expansion of Political Freedoms in the United States and Canada |
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89 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Power and Politics in North America |
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90 | (2) |
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Disillusionment and the Role of Money in Politics |
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92 | (1) |
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Debt and Politics in the United States |
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92 | (1) |
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Relationships Between Canada and the United States |
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93 | (2) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Democratic Systems of Government: Shared Ideals, Different Trajectories |
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93 | (1) |
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The Social Safety Net: Canadian and U.S. Approaches |
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94 | (1) |
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Gender in National Politics |
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94 | (1) |
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Drugs and Politics in North America |
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95 | (2) |
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96 | (1) |
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New Approaches to Managing Drugs |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Urbanization in North America |
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98 | (1) |
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Farmland and Urban Sprawl |
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99 | (1) |
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Smart Growth and Livability |
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99 | (1) |
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Housing Segregation, Redlining, and Gentrif ication |
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100 | (1) |
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Population, Gender, and Culture |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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The Geography of Population Change in North America |
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101 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture in North America |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (3) |
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Immigration and Diversity |
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104 | (1) |
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Why Do People Decide to Immigrate to North America? |
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105 | (1) |
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Do New Immigrants Cost U.S. Taxpayers Too Much Money? |
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106 | (1) |
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Do Immigrants Take Jobs Away from U.S. Citizens? |
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106 | (1) |
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Are Too Many Immigrants Being Admitted to the United States? |
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107 | (1) |
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Illegal Immigrant Children |
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107 | (1) |
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Race and Ethnicity in North America |
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107 | (2) |
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A Backlash Against Growing Diversity |
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107 | (2) |
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Income Discrepancies and the Culture of Poverty |
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109 | (1) |
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Race and Law Enforcement in the Spotlight |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (2) |
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The Geography of Christian Subgroups |
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110 | (1) |
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The Relationship Between Religion and Politics |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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The Nuclear Family Becomes a Shaky Norm |
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111 | (1) |
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The Current Diversity of North American Family Types |
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111 | (1) |
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Subregions of North America |
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111 | (1) |
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New England and the Atlantic Provinces |
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112 | (2) |
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The Past Lives in the Present |
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112 | (1) |
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Strong and Diverse Human Resources |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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Origins of French Settlement |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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Loss of Economic Dominance |
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115 | (1) |
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The Impact of the Economic Decline on People |
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115 | (1) |
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The American South (The Southeast) |
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116 | (2) |
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Multiple Images Characterize the South |
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117 | (1) |
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Poverty Persists for Some, but Return Black Migration Is a Boon |
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117 | (1) |
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The Great Plains Breadbasket |
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118 | (3) |
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Adapting to the Challenges of the Great Plains |
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118 | (1) |
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Globalization Impacts in the Great Plains |
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119 | (1) |
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Changing Population Patterns and Land Use in the Great Plains |
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120 | (1) |
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Connecting Bees, Global Corn, the Northern Plains, and Almond Groves in California |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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Native Americans and Aboriginal Peoples |
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122 | (1) |
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Nonindigenous Inhabitants 122 `Federal Lands' |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (2) |
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Older Extractive Industries |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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Southern California and the Southwest |
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124 | (5) |
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Agriculture, Energy, Transportation, and Information Service Industries |
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124 | (1) |
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Water: Scarcities and Disparities of Access |
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125 | (1) |
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Cultural and Economic Interests Shared with Mexico |
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125 | (1) |
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Contentious Border Issues |
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126 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Middle and South America |
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129 | (62) |
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What Makes Middle and South America a Region? |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Environment: Physical and Human |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (2) |
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133 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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Temperature-Altitude Zones |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (3) |
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Tropical Forests, Climate Change, and Globalization |
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138 | (1) |
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The Water Management Crisis |
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138 | (2) |
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Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in Middle and South America |
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140 | (2) |
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Integrating Environmental Protection with Economic Development: Ecotourism |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (6) |
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The Peopling of Middle and South America |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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A Global Exchange of Crops and Animals |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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The Legacy of Resource Extraction: Inequality and Instability |
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144 | (4) |
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Globalization and Development |
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148 | (1) |
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Neoliberalism and Socialism |
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148 | (3) |
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Era of Socialistic Import Substitution Industrialization |
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149 | (1) |
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Era of Neoliberalism and Structural Adjustment |
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149 | (2) |
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Photo Essay Globalization and Development in Middle and South America |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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Regional Trade Agreements |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Migration and Remittances |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Rapid Regional Expansion of Internet Use |
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154 | (1) |
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Food Production and Development |
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154 | (3) |
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157 | (1) |
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Foreign Involvement in the Region's Politics |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Power and Politics in Middle and South America |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Brazil's Landless Movement |
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159 | (1) |
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The Drug Trade, Conflict, and Legalization |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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Gender and Rural---Urban Migration |
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161 | (1) |
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Inadequate Urban Planning |
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161 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Urbanization in Middle and South America |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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Population, Gender, and Culture |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (2) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture in Middle and South America |
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168 | (3) |
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169 | (1) |
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Religion in Contemporary Life |
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170 | (1) |
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Subregions of Middle and South America |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (3) |
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Political, Social, and Economic Change |
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171 | (1) |
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Cuba and Puerto Rico Compared |
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172 | (1) |
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Haiti and Barbados Compared |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (2) |
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Formal and Informal Economies |
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174 | (1) |
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Geographic Distribution of Economic Sectors |
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174 | (1) |
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Migration from the Mexican Perspective |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (3) |
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Social and Economic Conditions |
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176 | (1) |
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The Exceptions: Costa Rica and Panama |
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176 | (2) |
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Decades of Civil Conflict |
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178 | (1) |
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CAFTA and Migration to the United States |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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The Northern Andes and Caribbean Coast of South America |
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179 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (2) |
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181 | (1) |
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Climate Change, Water, and Development Issues |
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182 | (1) |
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Agricultural Restoration in the Peruvian Highlands |
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182 | (1) |
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Neoliberalism and Socialism in Recent Decades |
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182 | (1) |
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183 | (2) |
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The Economies of the Southern Cone |
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183 | (1) |
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Buenos Aires: A Primate City |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (6) |
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Brazil's Size and Varied Topography |
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185 | (1) |
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Managing Brazil's Large and Varied Economy |
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185 | (1) |
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Agriculture, Activism, and the Amazon |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (5) |
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191 | (66) |
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What Makes Europe a Region? |
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193 | (1) |
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193 | (1) |
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Environment: Physical and Human |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (2) |
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194 | (1) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (3) |
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Europe's Vulnerability to Climate Change |
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198 | (1) |
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Europe Leads the Response to Global Climate Change |
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198 | (1) |
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Europe's Everyday Green Behavior |
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198 | (1) |
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Transportation Impacts on Europe's Environment |
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198 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in Europe |
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199 | (11) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Freshwater and Seawater Pollution |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Sources of European Culture |
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203 | (1) |
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The Inequalities of Feudalism |
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204 | (1) |
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Early Urbanization Transformed Europe |
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204 | (2) |
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The Age of Exploration: Europe Goes Global |
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206 | (1) |
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Revolutions in Industry and Politics |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Two World Wars Affect Europe's Stance Globally |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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The Birth of the European Union |
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209 | (1) |
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Globalization and Development |
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210 | (1) |
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Economic Comparisons of the EU and the United States |
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211 | (1) |
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Economic Integration and a Common Currency |
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211 | (2) |
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Photo Essay Globalization and Development in Europe |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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Food Production for the European Union and the World |
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214 | (1) |
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The Common Agricultural Program (CAP) |
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214 | (1) |
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The Growth of Corporate Agriculture and Food Marketing |
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215 | (1) |
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The Wide Reach of Europe's Environmental Impact |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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Popular Democracy and Nationalism |
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217 | (1) |
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The Politics of EU Expansion |
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217 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Power and Politics in Europe |
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218 | (2) |
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Postcolonial Tribulations in Europe |
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220 | (1) |
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EU Governing Institutions |
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220 | (1) |
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NATO and the European Union as Global Peacemakers |
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221 | (1) |
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The Future of the European Union |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Europe's Growing Service Economies |
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222 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Urbanization in Europe |
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223 | (1) |
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Population, Gender, and Culture |
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224 | (1) |
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Europe's Rapidly Aging Population |
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224 | (2) |
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226 | (1) |
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Migrants, Refugees, and Borders: Needs and Fears |
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226 | (3) |
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The Rules for Assimilation in Europe |
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229 | (1) |
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Changing Gender Roles in Europe |
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230 | (2) |
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The Gender Pay Gap and Double Day |
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231 | (1) |
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Influence of Women on Policy Formation |
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231 | (1) |
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Social Protection Systems: Goals and Outcomes |
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232 | (1) |
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Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture in Europe |
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233 | (2) |
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Social Protection, Social Cohesion, and Migrants in Europe |
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235 | (1) |
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Human Well-Being in Europe |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (6) |
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236 | (1) |
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236 | (3) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (4) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (3) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (8) |
|
A Time of Troubles in Southeastern Europe |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
Transitions in Agriculture, Industry, and Society |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
Progress in Market Reform |
|
|
252 | (5) |
|
Chapter 5 Russia and the Post-Soviet States |
|
|
257 | (48) |
|
What Makes Russia and the Post-Soviet States a Region? |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Environment: Physical and Human |
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
|
|
261 | (1) |
|
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|
261 | (2) |
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|
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263 | (3) |
|
Nuclear Power and Pollution |
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
Resource Use and the Environment |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
The Rise of the Russian Empire |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in Russia and the Post-Soviet States |
|
|
267 | (5) |
|
The Communist Revolution and Its Aftermath |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
World War II and the Cold War |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Development |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
Oil and Gas Development: Fueling Globalization |
|
|
272 | (2) |
|
Russia, BRICS, and the Global Economy |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Institutionalized Corruption |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Geographic Patterns of Human Well-Being |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Globalization and Development in Russia and the Post-Soviet States |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
Food Production in the Post-Soviet Era |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
Changing Agricultural Production |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Power and Politics in Russia and the Post-Soviet States |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Cultural Diversity and Russian Domination |
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Urban Legacies of Soviet Regional Economic Development |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Urban Central Asia and Caucasia |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Urbanization in Russia and the Post-Soviet States |
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
Population, Gender, and Culture |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
Life Expectancy and Population Structure |
|
|
286 | (1) |
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (3) |
|
Gender: Challenges and Opportunities |
|
|
288 | (2) |
|
Religious and Nationalist Resurgence |
|
|
290 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture in Russia and the Post-Soviet States |
|
|
291 | (1) |
|
Subregions of Russia and the Post-Soviet States |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
|
293 | (4) |
|
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Belarus, Ukraine, and Moldova |
|
|
297 | (2) |
|
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
Caucasia: Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
|
300 | (5) |
|
|
|
301 | (1) |
|
Past and Present in Central Asia |
|
|
301 | (4) |
|
Chapter 6 North Africa and Southwest Asia |
|
|
305 | (60) |
|
What Makes North Africa and Southwest Asia a Region? |
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Environment: Physical and Human |
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (5) |
|
An Ancient Heritage of Water Conservation |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Water and Food Production |
|
|
311 | (2) |
|
Vulnerability to Climate Change |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in North Africa and Southwest Asia |
|
|
314 | (2) |
|
|
|
316 | (8) |
|
Agriculture and the Development of Civilization |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
The Coming of Monotheism: Judaism, Christianity, and Islam |
|
|
317 | (4) |
|
Western Domination and State Formation |
|
|
321 | (3) |
|
Globalization and Development |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
Fossil Fuel Exports and Development |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
Photo Essay Globalization and Development in North Africa and Southwest Asia |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Economic Diversification and Growth |
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
The Arab Spring and Beyond |
|
|
328 | (3) |
|
Different Paths Toward Reform |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Islamism in a Globalizing World |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
The Role of Media and the Internet in Political Change |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Power and Politics in North Africa and Southwest Asia |
|
|
332 | (2) |
|
Democratization and Women |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
Four Geopolitical Situations in the Region |
|
|
334 | (5) |
|
Situation 1: Israel and Palestine |
|
|
334 | (4) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Situation 4: The Sunni-Shi'ite Rivalry |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Urbanization in North Africa and Southwest Asia |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
Population, Gender, and Culture |
|
|
342 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
|
|
343 | (1) |
|
Gender Roles and Gendered Spaces |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture in North Africa and Southwest Asia |
|
|
345 | (4) |
|
|
|
346 | (2) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Subregions of North Africa and Southwest Asia |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (3) |
|
The Berber-Arab Cultural Mix |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Trouble in Western Sahara |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
The Nile: Sudan and Egypt |
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (3) |
|
Wealth in Saudi Arabia and the Gulf States |
|
|
354 | (2) |
|
Changes in Attitudes Toward Work in the Gulf States |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Yemen: History, Poverty, and Conflict |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
The Eastern Mediterranean |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
|
358 | (7) |
|
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (4) |
|
Chapter 7 Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
365 | (60) |
|
What Makes Sub-Saharan Africa a Region? |
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
Environment: Physical and Human |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
|
|
370 | (2) |
|
|
|
372 | (4) |
|
Deforestation and Climate Change |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Alternatives to Deforestation |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Agriculture and Climate Change |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
376 | (3) |
|
Wildlife and Climate Change |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (7) |
|
The Peopling of Africa and Beyond |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Early Agriculture, Industry, and Trade in Africa |
|
|
379 | (3) |
|
From European Companies to African Colonies |
|
|
382 | (3) |
|
Power and Wealth in the Aftermath of Independence |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Development |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Successive Eras of Globalization |
|
|
386 | (2) |
|
The Colonial Exploitation Era |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
The Era of Debt Accumulation and Structural Adjustment |
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Globalization and Development in Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
388 | (3) |
|
The Current Era of Diverse Globalization |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Regional Economic Development |
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
Local Economic Development |
|
|
392 | (2) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Corruption, Authoritarianism, and Weak States |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
The Case of Congo (Kinshasa) |
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
|
|
395 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Power and Politics in Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
396 | (2) |
|
Radical Islamism in the Sahel |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Successes and Failures of Democratization |
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
Gender, Power, and Politics |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Recent Rapid Urban Growth |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Causes and Consequences of Unplanned Urban Growth |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
400 | (2) |
|
The Scarcity of Clean Water in Sub-Saharan Cities |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Sachet Water: Effective Urban Adaptation or Plastic Plague? |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Food Security in Urban Areas |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Population, Gender, and Culture |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
|
|
403 | (2) |
|
Population Growth in Nigeria and South Africa Compared |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
Population and Public Health |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
HIV/AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
405 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
|
|
406 | (2) |
|
Female Genital Mutilation |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Rights |
|
|
407 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture in Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
408 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Indigenous Belief Systems |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Culture: Ethnicity and Language |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Subregions of Sub-Saharan Africa |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Horizontal Zones of Physical and Cultural Difference |
|
|
412 | (1) |
|
Regional Conflict in Coastal West Africa |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
Wet Forests and Dry Savannas |
|
|
413 | (1) |
|
A Colonial Heritage of Violence |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Postcolonial Exploitation |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (4) |
|
Conflict in the Horn of Africa |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
Mixed Farming in the Interior Valleys and Uplands |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Contested Space in Kenya and Tanzania |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
419 | (6) |
|
Large-Scale European Settlement |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
|
|
420 | (1) |
|
Food Insecurity in Southern Africa |
|
|
421 | (1) |
|
Reasons for Optimism in Southern Africa |
|
|
421 | (4) |
|
|
|
425 | (60) |
|
What Makes South Asia a Region? |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
Environment: Physical and Human |
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
431 | (3) |
|
Vulnerability and Resilience to Climate Change |
|
|
431 | (3) |
|
Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in South Asia |
|
|
434 | (6) |
|
Contributions to Climate Change |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Solar and Wind Power Generation |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Resistance to Deforestation |
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
440 | (7) |
|
The Indus Valley Civilization |
|
|
440 | (1) |
|
Wealth, Invasions, and Trade |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (3) |
|
British Colonial Rule and Its Legacies |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Independence and Partition |
|
|
446 | (1) |
|
The Postindependence Period |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Development |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
From Self-Sufficiency to Globalization |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
Central Planning and Self-Sufficiency |
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
Incomes and Human Development Across Indian Society |
|
|
449 | (1) |
|
Outsourcing and the Middle Class |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Rural Economic Development |
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Globalization and Development in South Asia |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
Growth in the Rural Nonfarm Economy |
|
|
452 | (1) |
|
Microcredit: A South Asian Innovation for the Poor |
|
|
452 | (2) |
|
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
|
|
454 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Power and Politics in South Asia |
|
|
455 | (1) |
|
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
Movements Against Government Inefficiency and Corruption |
|
|
456 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
War and Reconstruction in Afghanistan |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Urbanization in South Asia |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
Urban Disparities in Mumbai |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Solutions for Some Problems Faced by Slum Dwellers |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Risks to Children in Cities |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Risks to Adults in Cities |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Population, Gender, and Culture |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (3) |
|
Slowing Population Growth, Health Care, and Urbanization |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
Slowing Population Growth and Gender |
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
|
463 | (1) |
|
|
|
464 | (1) |
|
|
|
465 | (3) |
|
The Texture of Village Life |
|
|
465 | (1) |
|
Social Patterns in the Status of Women |
|
|
465 | (3) |
|
Gender, Politics, and Power |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Women and the Taliban in Afghanistan |
|
|
468 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture in South Asia |
|
|
469 | (2) |
|
LGBTQ Issues in South Asia |
|
|
470 | (1) |
|
|
|
471 | (1) |
|
|
|
471 | (3) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
472 | (2) |
|
|
|
474 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
475 | (1) |
|
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (2) |
|
The Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
478 | (1) |
|
|
|
479 | (1) |
|
|
|
479 | (2) |
|
South India and Sri Lanka |
|
|
481 | (4) |
|
Economic Growth in Bangalore and Chennai |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
|
482 | (1) |
|
|
|
482 | (3) |
|
|
|
485 | (66) |
|
What Makes East Asia a Region? |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Environment: Physical and Human |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in East Asia |
|
|
492 | (2) |
|
Natural Hazards and Energy Vulnerability |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
Fisheries and Globalization |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Three Gorges Dam: The Power of Water |
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
Air Pollution: Choking on Success |
|
|
497 | (2) |
|
Air Quality Elsewhere in East Asia |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (6) |
|
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Confucianism and East Asian Culture |
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
Why Did China Not Colonize an Overseas Empire? |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
European and Japanese Imperialism |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
China's Turbulent Twentieth Century |
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
Japan Becomes a World Leader |
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
Chinese and Japanese Influences on Korea, Taiwan, and Mongolia |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Development |
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Globalization and Development |
|
|
506 | (2) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Japan Rises from the Ashes |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Productivity Innovations in Japan |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
Mainland Economies: Communists in Command |
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Struggles with Regional Disparity |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
Economic Reforms in China |
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
East Asia's Role as Mega-Financier |
|
|
510 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
|
|
511 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Power and Politics in East Asia |
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
Political Change in China? |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
Information Technology and Political Freedom |
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
Protests and Political Freedom |
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
International Trade and Investment |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Transportation Improvements in China |
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Urbanization in East Asia |
|
|
518 | (3) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Shanghai's Latest Transformation |
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Population, Gender, and Culture |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
Responding to an Aging Population |
|
|
522 | (2) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
523 | (1) |
|
The Legacies of China's One-Child Policy |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Gender Imbalance and the Cultural Preference for Sons |
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture in East Asia |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (4) |
|
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Indigenous Diversity in Southern China |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
East Asia's Most Influential Cultural Export: The Overseas Chinese |
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (3) |
|
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
|
|
533 | (2) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
The Central and Coastal Plains |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau |
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (2) |
|
|
|
537 | (2) |
|
|
|
539 | (1) |
|
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
The Communist Era in Mongolia |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Postcommunist Boom and Bust |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
|
|
541 | (3) |
|
Contrasting Political Systems |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (3) |
|
A Wide Geographic Spectrum |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
The Challenge of Living Well on Limited Resources |
|
|
544 | (2) |
|
Japan's Culture of Contrasts |
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
546 | (1) |
|
|
|
547 | (4) |
|
Chapter 10 Southeast Asia |
|
|
551 | (62) |
|
What Makes Southeast Asia a Region? |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
|
|
553 | (2) |
|
Environment: Physical and Human |
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
|
|
555 | (2) |
|
|
|
557 | (2) |
|
Deforestation and Climate Change |
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
Food Production and Climate Change |
|
|
561 | (2) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in Southeast Asia |
|
|
564 | (2) |
|
Melting Glaciers and Increased Evaporation |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Storm Surges and Flooding |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Responses to Climate Change in the Mekong River System |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
The Effects of Hydroelectric Dams |
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
The Peopling of Southeast Asia |
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
Diverse Cultural Influences |
|
|
568 | (2) |
|
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
|
|
568 | (2) |
|
Struggles for Independence Aided by World War II |
|
|
570 | (2) |
|
|
|
570 | (1) |
|
The "Killing Fields" in Cambodia |
|
|
571 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Development |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
Borrowed Ideas for Economic Growth |
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
|
572 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
The Feminization of Labor |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Growth of the Service Sector |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Economic Crises and Recovery: The Perils of Globalization |
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Globalization and Development in Southeast Asia |
|
|
574 | (2) |
|
The IMF Bailout and Its Aftermath |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
The Impact of China's Growth |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Global Recessions from 2007 to the Present |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
Regional Trade, ASEAN, and the Trans-Pacific Partnership |
|
|
576 | (3) |
|
Regional and Global Integration |
|
|
576 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
577 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
Southeast Asia's Authoritarian Tendencies |
|
|
579 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Power and Politics in Southeast Asia |
|
|
580 | (2) |
|
China's Soft Power Brings Worries and Militarism |
|
|
582 | (1) |
|
Will Expansion of Political Freedoms Bring Peace to Indonesia? |
|
|
583 | (1) |
|
Terrorism, Politics, and Economic Issues |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
Emigration Related to Urbanization and Globalization |
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Urbanization in Southeast Asia |
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
Population, Gender, and Culture |
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
|
|
588 | (3) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Gender Roles in Southeast Asia |
|
|
591 | (2) |
|
Family Organization, Traditional and Modern |
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Political and Economic Empowerment of Women |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
LGBTQ Rights in Southeast Asia: Thailand and Vietnam |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Gender: The Sex Industry |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
Southeast Asia's Encounter with HIV/AIDS |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Cultural and Religious Pluralism |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Population, Gender, and Culture in Southeast Asia |
|
|
594 | (5) |
|
Globalization Brings Cultural Diversity but Also Homogeneity |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
Subregions of Southeast Asia |
|
|
599 | (1) |
|
Mainland Southeast Asia: Myanmar (Burma) and Thailand |
|
|
599 | (3) |
|
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
Mainland Southeast Asia: Lao, Cambodia, and Vietnam |
|
|
602 | (2) |
|
Island and Peninsular Southeast Asia: Malaysia, Brunei, and Singapore |
|
|
604 | (3) |
|
|
|
604 | (2) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
Indonesia and Timor-Leste |
|
|
607 | (1) |
|
|
|
608 | (5) |
|
Population, Urbanization, and Disaffection |
|
|
608 | (1) |
|
Cultural and Economic Disparities |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Filipinos Envision a Better Future |
|
|
610 | (3) |
|
Chapter 11 Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific |
|
|
613 | (46) |
|
What Makes Oceania a Region? |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
Environment: Physical and Human |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
Landforms: Continent Formation |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
Landforms: Island Formation |
|
|
617 | (1) |
|
|
|
618 | (3) |
|
Moisture, Air Movement, and Rainfall |
|
|
618 | (2) |
|
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
Animal and Plant Life in Australia |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
Animal and Plant Life in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
Climate Change in Oceania |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Sea Level Rise and Storm Surges |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Wildfires and Other Water-Related Vulnerabilities |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Responses to Potential Climate Change Crises |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Invasive Species and Food Production |
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Vulnerability to Climate Change in Oceania |
|
|
624 | (3) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Environmental Awareness in New Zealand and the Pacific Islands |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Environmental Damage |
|
|
628 | (2) |
|
Mining in Papua New Guinea and Nauru |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
The Great Pacific Garbage Island |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (4) |
|
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
The Saga of Rapa Nui (Easter Island) |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Early Contact Between Pacific Peoples and the Americas |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Arrival of the Europeans in the Pacific |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
The Colonization of Australia and New Zealand |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
Oceania's Shifting Global Relationships |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Development |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Oceania's New Asian Orientation |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Asia's Economic Development "Miracle" Stresses Australia and New Zealand |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Maintaining Raw Materials Exports as Service Economies Develop |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
Economic Change in the Pacific Islands |
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Globalization and Development in Oceania |
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
Subsistence Affluence Practices Could Go Global |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Patterns of Human Weil-Being |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
The Advantages and Stresses of Tourism |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
Conflict over Tourism in Hawaii |
|
|
638 | (1) |
|
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
The Future: Diverse Global Orientations |
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
Parliamentary System in Australia and New Zealand |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
The Pacific Way in the Islands |
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
|
|
640 | (1) |
|
The Value of the Pacific Way to Grassroots Sustainability |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
The Challenge of Migrants and Refugees |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Power and Politics in Oceania |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
Photo Essay Urbanization in Oceania |
|
|
644 | (2) |
|
Population, Gender, and Culture |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
Population Numbers and Densities |
|
|
646 | (1) |
|
Contrasting Population and Gender Patterns |
|
|
646 | (2) |
|
Photo Essay Gender, Population, and Culture in Oceania |
|
|
648 | (2) |
|
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (9) |
|
|
|
650 | (2) |
|
Gender Myths and Realities |
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
|
653 | (6) |
|
|
|
659 | (10) |
|
What Makes the Arctic and Antarctic Regions? |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
Environment: Physical and Human |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
661 | (2) |
|
Polar Melting and Sea Level Rise |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Development |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
Population, Gender, and Culture |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
Indigenous Peoples and Cultural Survival |
|
|
666 | (3) |
|
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
What Makes Outer Space a Region? |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
Environment: Physical and Human |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
Environmental Hazards from Space |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
Environmental Benefits of Satellites |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
Globalization and Development |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
The Impacts of Satellites in Rural Areas |
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
|
673 | (1) |
|
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
|
|
674 | (1) |
|
The Militarization of Space |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
The International Space Station |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
Human Settlements Beyond Earth's Orbit |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
Remote Sensing of Urban Areas |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
Population, Gender, and Culture |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Using Satellites to Study Population |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
What Will Space Exploration Do to Life on Earth? |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
Is Exploration Beyond Geospace Wise? |
|
|
678 | |
| Glossary |
|
1 | (1) |
| Index |
|
1 | |
