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Making British Defence Policy: Continuity and Change [Pehme köide]

(London Metropolitan University, UK)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 286 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 439 g
  • Sari: Routledge Advances in Defence Studies
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jun-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1032132884
  • ISBN-13: 9781032132884
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 286 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 439 g
  • Sari: Routledge Advances in Defence Studies
  • Ilmumisaeg: 17-Jun-2022
  • Kirjastus: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1032132884
  • ISBN-13: 9781032132884
This book explores the process by which defence policy is made in contemporary Britain and the institutions, actors and conflicting interests which interact in its inception and continuous reformulation.

Rather than dealing with the substance of defence policy, this study focuses upon the institutional actors involved in this process. This is a subject which has commanded far more interest from public, Parliament, government and the armed forces since the protracted, bloody and ultimately unsuccessful British military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan. The work begins with a discussion of two contextual factors shaping policy. The first relates to the impact of Britains special relationship with the United States over defence and intelligence matters, while the second considers the impact of Britains relatively disappointing economic performance upon the funding of British defence since 1945. It then goes on to explore the role and impact of all the key policy actors, from the Prime Minister, Cabinet and core executive, to the Ministry of Defence and its relations with the broader Whitehall village, and the Foreign Office and Treasury in particular. The work concludes by examining the increasing influence of external policy actors and forces, such as Parliament, the courts, political parties, pressure groups and public opinion.

This book will be of much interest to students of British defence policy, security studies, and contemporary military history.

Arvustused

'Robert Self has produced a timely and vitally important book for anyone wanting to understand the myriad problems facing modern British defence policy makers. The outstanding research and analysis into critical linkages between economics, domestic politics and foreign policy issues in that process is unrivalled.'

Greg Kennedy, Defence Academy of the United Kingdom

Making British Defence Policy fills an important gap in the literature on how defence policy is made in contemporary Britain. It does so by moving beyond analysis of the substance of recent British defence policy, focussing instead on the often-neglected issues of how that policy is actually made, who makes it and the interaction of factors that shape it.'

Matthew Uttley, Kings College London, UK

This book is an important wake-up call. Poorly co-ordinated and opaque processes have long bedevilled British defence policymaking. These problems have occasionally been obscured by campaign successes, yet the underlying problems so forensically examined here nonetheless persist.

Pippa Catterall, University of Westminster, UK

List of Tables
xiv
Also xv
Robert Self
1 Making defence policy in contemporary Britain
1(11)
Understanding the who, how and why: the objectives of this study
6(1)
Defence policy-making and `the science of muddling through'
7(1)
A word about terminology: the scope of `external', `security' and `defence'policy
8(4)
2 The diplomatic and economic context for defence policy-making
12(21)
The international dimension and the Anglo-American `special relationship'
12(1)
Anglo-American relations since 1945: a cost-benefit analysis
13(4)
Assessing Britain's value to US policy and influence
17(2)
`Special relationships': a sectoral perspective
19(1)
The cost of British defence policy and the burden of financial constraints
20(3)
Conflicting interpretations: economic decline or strategic readjustment?
23(1)
Adjusting to harsh realities? Defence reviews and Britain's security since 1945
24(2)
`New Labour', the Strategic Defence Review and its successors, 1998-2010
26(1)
The Strategic Defence and Security Reviews, October 2010 and November 2015
26(2)
Johnson's Integrated Review, March 2021
28(5)
3 The Ministry of Defence in transition
33(8)
The emergence of a functionally organised defence ministry in Britain
33(2)
Mountbatten and the 1964 reforms
35(1)
Denis Healey, Lord Carrington and the consolidation of the MoD, 1964-14
36(2)
The Thatcherite agenda and the onward march of `radical reformism'
38(1)
The shifting boundaries of the public--private divide
39(2)
9 The Private Finance Initiative and Public--Private Partnerships
41(12)
Doubts about the value and competence of private sector suppliers
44(2)
The rise of Private Military Companies and the `contractorisation' of war-fighting
46(2)
The Ministry of Defence today: a modern super-department
48(5)
4 The Prime Minister and the `central direction of defence'
53(24)
The emergence of the dominant Prime Minister within the defence policy arena
53(1)
A British presidency? The Prime Minister and defence policy
54(3)
The strategic core and the defence policy-making triumvirate
57(1)
Prime Ministerial resources in the defence policy arena
58(3)
The Prime Minister and cxtertial policy-making after Major
61(3)
Defence under three Conservative Prime Ministers, 2010--21
64(3)
Prime Ministers, Defence Secretaries and the importance of the `personal'
67(2)
Blair, Brown and relations with New Labour Defence Secretaries
69(2)
The Defence Secretary under Cameron, May and Johnson
71(6)
5 Cabinet government and defence policy
77(20)
Defence policy-making and the `decline' of Cabinet government
11(8)
Cabinet government and the indictment against Thatcher and Blair
19(63)
Cabinet exclusion from policy-making on nuclear weapons
82(2)
The Defence and Overseas Policy Committee and COBRA
84(1)
The Cameron coalition and the National Security Council
85(3)
War Cabinets, military emergencies and crisis management
88(9)
6 The Defence Secretary and their department
97(21)
The position of the Secretary of State for Defence
91(7)
The Defence Secretary and Department's dual functional structure
98(3)
The Defence Board, the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the bureaucratic structure
101(1)
A matter of trust: the breakdown of the minister--civil servant relationship?
102(4)
A typology of ministerial role perceptions and policy-making styles: policy selectors
106(2)
`Policy legitimates', `ministerial minimalists' and `passengers' at the MoD
108(2)
Constraints upon ministerial policy-making: ministerial turnover
110(1)
Ministerial policy-making and the `departmental view'
111(1)
Departmental officials control of the minister's workload
112(2)
The structural imbalance between ministerial leadership and civil service support
114(1)
Minister-official relationships: an overview
114(4)
7 Departmental politics within the Whitehall village
118(21)
The MoD and the perils of `Departmentalitis'
118(2)
MoD relations with the Foreign Office over trade promotion and arms exports
120(1)
MoD relations with the Foreign Office over other external policy areas
121(4)
Department for International Development: the unloved cuckoo in the Whitehall nest
125(7)
Attacking departmentalism in external policy: the `Comprehensive Approach'
132(7)
8 The Treasury and financial control in an age of austerity
139(20)
The Treasury and financial control over the MoD
139(2)
Dirty work - but somebody has got to do it: the politics of public expenditure control
141(5)
Explaining Treasury mistrust of the `recidivist over-spenders' at the MoD
146(4)
`Telling fibs' and `cooking the books' at MoD Main Building
150(1)
Attempting to exercise Treasury control over the MoD
151(2)
The limits of Treasury's control over defence expenditure
153(6)
9 Civil-military relations in Britain
159(23)
Who will guard the guards? Democratic control over military power
159(1)
The doctrine of civil supremacy in theory and practice
160(3)
The gulf between civilian and military mindsets -- and why this matters
163(2)
Crossing the constitutional line: the sound of dragging feet and covert leaks
165(2)
Knowledge is power and the growth in unattributable leaking
167(2)
Civil--military tensions within the MoD
169(1)
The Blair governments and relations with the Service Chiefs
170(1)
Gordon Brown and civil--military relations at their nadir
171(3)
David Cameron, Theresa May, Boris Johnson and the military
174(1)
The problem of inter-Service rivalry: a self-destructive military tradition?
175(7)
10 The Armed Forces, the judiciary and the fear of legal encirclement
182(22)
Soldiering in a different world: the Northern Ireland `Troubles' in the 1970s
183(2)
The defence community and the extension of civilian rights to the military
185(1)
Attacking discrimination on grounds of gender, race and sexual orientation
186(1)
Responding to the problems of bullying and harassment
187(3)
The role of the Service Complaints Commissioner
190(1)
The military in the dock: the right to sue the MoD for negligence
191(1)
British troops and IHAT: guilty until proven innocent?
192(3)
Personal culpability, war crimes and international agreement on the Laws of War
195(2)
Jack Straw, MI6 and Britain's complicity in extraordinary rendition and torture
197(1)
International law as a constraint upon military effectiveness
198(1)
The MoD, and to the challenge of `judicialisation'
199(5)
11 The influence of Parliament over defence policy
204(20)
Parliamentary influence over the executive and its policy
204(1)
The floor of the House: parliamentary debates and ministerial questions
205(1)
Structural reform: select committees, scrutiny and accountability at the MoD
206(3)
Criticisms of the departmental select committee reforms
209(1)
Behavioural changes in the voting lobbies: Defence and the rise of backbench dissension
210(1)
Blair and the legacy of Iraq: towards a British War Powers Act?
211(1)
David Cameron, Parliament and the quest for military intervention in Syria
212(2)
The Intelligence and Security Committee
214(3)
Expanding the remit of the Defence Select Committee
217(7)
12 Political parties, pressure groups and public opinion
224(26)
Electoral politics and the defence question
224(2)
The torments of Jeremy Corbyn: Trident, Syrian intervention and the consensus
226(2)
The sub-sectoral electoral impact of defence policy
228(1)
A post-war consensus on external policy?
229(2)
Inter-party competition and conflicting party imagery
231(2)
The SNP's non-nuclear defence policy and its implications for UK security
233(1)
The spectrum of public opinion: a more sceptical and less deferential public
234(1)
The significance of `attentive publics' and `defence intellectuals' in Britain
235(2)
Public opinion as a constraint upon government external policy
237(1)
The political and military response to public attitudes
238(1)
What does the public want from defence policy?
239(2)
Pluralism, pressure groups and the MoD `policy community'
241(1)
The Ministry of Defence and the defence industry: the background
242(1)
The British version of the military-industrial complex
243(1)
The rise of the `revolving door' and the professional lobbyist
244(6)
13 Conclusion: Continuity and change since 1945
250(6)
Facing new challenges -- and some of the old ones
250(2)
Continuity in the institutional framework of defence policy-making
252(1)
Britain's position in the world -- the more that changes, the more that stays the same
253(3)
Appendix 1 Ministers, Permanent Undersecretaries and Chiefs of Defence Staff at the Ministry of Defence since 1946 256(3)
Bibliography 259(18)
Index with dramatis personae and abbreviations 277
Robert Self is a specialist in interwar Britain having published several important archival studies including a biography of Neville Chamberlain and a study of the inter-Allied war debt controversy between 1917 and 1941. Since his retirement as Professor of British Politics and Contemporary History, he has turned his attention to the study of recent British foreign and defence policy.