The purpose of this book is to share with a wider public the fascinating insights derived from pesticide use data. The book also provides an overview of the systems used to gather and manage these data. The ultimate goal is to inspire researchers and the public to utilize pesticide use data in diverse fields including pest management, environmental monitoring, public health, and public policy. Most pesticide use surveys are aggregated at a geographic scale larger than the county level (e.g., state). However, the quality of this type of use data can vary greatly. Further, detailed usage information based on market surveys is not available for every type of pesticide use, though it is generally available for most crop uses. First-order risk assessment typically assumes that any registered product would be used at the maximum labeled rate, and the maximum number of allowable times per season or year. Though intended to protect against worst-case scenarios, this approach might lead to an overestimation of real-world risks.
This first-order assessment is helpful as a screen, but resources may be wasted evaluating the impact of a product in a region where it is used only rarely, if at all. To incorporate real-world use patterns into risk assessments, one approach is to use data on where a particular pesticide has been sold. All pesticide manufacturers have a basic idea of where their products are being sold, but these data are often imprecise because of distributor sales networks that buy in bulk and redistribute product. In order to understand the markets they work in, manufacturers have used companies that survey end-users, because their own sales networks cannot provide detailed information.
In an effort to further the science of pesticide use, this book explains the systems used for managing pesticide use data, and presents a selection of the compelling questions that have been investigated using that data.
| Preface |
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xi | |
| Acknowledgment |
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xv | |
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Legal Authority and Administration of Pesticide Use Reporting |
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1 History of Pesticide Use Reporting in California |
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3 | (12) |
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2 The Infrastructure of California's Pesticide Use Reporting Program |
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15 | (16) |
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3 Data Quality Assessment within the Pesticide Use Database |
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31 | (46) |
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4 The Maintenance and Use of California's School Pesticide Use Report |
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77 | (20) |
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Integrated Analyses of Pesticide Use Trends and Pest Management |
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5 Pesticide Use Reporting Data in Pesticide Regulation and Policy: The California Experience |
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97 | (18) |
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6 The Extensive Use of Pesticide Use Report (PUR) Data in Scholarly Scientific Research |
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115 | (18) |
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7 Patterns of Fumigant Use in California Grapes |
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133 | (16) |
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8 Recent Developments in the Registration and Usage of Botanical Pesticides in California |
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149 | (22) |
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9 Spatio-Temporal Analyses of Pesticide Use on Walnuts and Potential Risks to Surface Water in California |
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171 | (32) |
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10 The Impact of Integrated Pest Management and Regulation on Agricultural Pesticide Use in California |
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203 | (22) |
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11 Employing California Pesticide Use Data for Evaluating Integrated Pest Management Programs and Informing Pesticide Policy and Regulation |
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225 | (16) |
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Integrated Analyses of Pesticide Use Impacts |
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12 Implementing Pesticide Use Data and GIS To Improve Treated Area Estimates in Agricultural and Residential Exposure Assessments |
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241 | (44) |
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13 Refined Processing of Pesticide Use Reports for Use in Data Analysis Conducted by the California Department of Pesticide Regulation's Air Program |
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285 | (22) |
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14 Methodology for Prioritizing Pesticides for Surface Water Monitoring in Agricultural and Urban Areas of California |
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307 | (16) |
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15 Applications of the California Pesticide Use Reporting Database in More than 25 Years of U.S. Geological Survey Hydrological Studies |
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323 | (24) |
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16 Tiered Approaches in Analyzing Rice Field Pesticide Fate and Transport for Ecological Risk Assessment |
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347 | (32) |
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17 Potential Pesticide Use Risks to Honeybees during Almond Pollination in California |
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379 | (26) |
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18 A Simplified Approach to Using Pesticide Use Reporting To Prioritize Pesticide Risk in California's National Parks |
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405 | (26) |
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19 Pesticide Use Data and the Distribution of Acute Illness Episodes: The Promise and Challenges of Geoinformatics |
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431 | (32) |
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20 Economic and Pest Management Analysis of Proposed Pesticide Regulations |
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463 | (32) |
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Available Tools for Data Query, Mapping and Risk Assessment |
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21 PURwebGIS: A Web Application for Query and Analysis of Pesticide Use Report (PUR) Data |
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495 | (22) |
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22 Pesticide Use Risk Evaluation (PURE), a Self-Evaluation Tool of Pesticide Use |
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517 | (18) |
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23 Comparisons of Analytic Methodologies for Correct Analysis of Pesticide Use Data |
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535 | (24) |
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24 Recommendations for Future Improvements to the Pesticide Use Data and Database Integration |
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559 | (4) |
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| Editors' Biographies |
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563 | (4) |
| Indexes |
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| Author Index |
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567 | (2) |
| Subject Index |
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569 | |
Dr. Minghua Zhang is a professor at University of California, Davis in the Department of Land, Air and Water Resources, and a research scientist at the California Department of Pesticide Regulation. Her main research interests include GIS applications and watershed modeling to address questions in pest management and environmental impacts of pesticide use, especially in water quality. Dr. Zhang has published over 160 peer-reviewed articles. For her career contributions to agricultural science, Dr. Zhang was honored as a Fellow of the American Society of Agronomy and Soil Science Society of America.
Dr. Scott H. Jackson is a Senior Manager for Valent LLC in Dublin California. He has worked in Industry for more than 30 years in various technical capacities. In his role in the Stewardship group, he has focused on stewardship questions that involve exposure modeling, environmental fate, and analytical chemistry. Dr. Jackson is active member of the American Chemical Society and currently serves as
the AGRO Division Chair. He has organized many ACS symposia on topics ranging from environmental fate and exposure to application technology. Scott acts as a reviewer for several journals and has authored/coauthored more than 30 refereed publications.
Dr. Mark Robertson earned a PhD in Molecular Biology & Genetics from the University of Oregon, Institute of Molecular Biology and the Université Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France studying insect immunology and later received research appointments in insect vector biology and pest management from the USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Laramie WY, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, and the University of California, Riverside, CA. Dr. Robertson has since been working for the Department of Pesticide Regulation for 13 years supervising the IPM Research and Alliance grant programs which develop and promote adoption of integrated pest management systems.
Dr. Michael Zeiss has a Ph.D. in entomology and a lifelong interest in reducing the
risks of pesticide use. For most of his career, he worked in support of small farmers in Africa, Asia, and Central America. This included two years with Peace Corps in Mauritania; four years as Associate Professor at Escuela Agrícola Panamericana in Honduras; and consultancies in Vietnam, Laos, and Nicaragua. After returning to California, he worked for ten years for the California Department of Pesticide Regulation, including three years as Food Safety Coordinator.
