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1 Introduction: Linked Data and the Semantic Web |
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1 | (16) |
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1.1 The Origin of the Semantic Web |
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1 | (2) |
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1.1.1 Why a Semantic Web? |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1.2 The Need for Adding Semantics |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (14) |
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1.2.1 Data, Information, Knowledge |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Interoperability, Integration, Merging and Mapping |
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4 | (3) |
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1.2.3 Semantic Annotation |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (34) |
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17 | (1) |
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2.2 The Underlying Technologies |
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18 | (1) |
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2.3 Modeling Data Using RDF Graphs |
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19 | (11) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (5) |
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26 | (4) |
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2.4 Ontologies Based on Description Logics |
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30 | (5) |
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30 | (3) |
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2.4.2 The Web Ontology Language (OWL) |
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33 | (2) |
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2.5 Querying the Semantic Web with SPARQL |
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35 | (4) |
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2.6 Mapping Relational Data to RDF |
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39 | (5) |
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44 | (2) |
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2.8 Ontologies and Datasets |
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46 | (5) |
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49 | (2) |
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3 Deploying Linked Open Data: Methodologies and Software Tools |
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51 | (22) |
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51 | (1) |
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3.2 The O in LOD: Open Data |
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52 | (4) |
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3.2.1 Opening Data: Bulk Access vs. API |
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55 | (1) |
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3.2.2 The 5-Star Deployment Scheme |
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55 | (1) |
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3.3 The D in LOD: Modeling Content |
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56 | (5) |
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3.3.1 Assigning URIs to Entities |
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57 | (4) |
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3.4 Software for Working with Linked Data |
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61 | (12) |
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3.4.1 Ontology Authoring Environments |
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61 | (2) |
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3.4.2 Platforms and Environments for Working with (RDF) Data |
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63 | (5) |
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3.4.3 Software Libraries for Working with RDF |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (3) |
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4 Creating Linked Data from Relational Databases |
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73 | (30) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (3) |
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4.3 A Classification of Mapping Approaches |
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77 | (7) |
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4.4 Creating Ontology and Triples from a Relational Database |
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84 | (7) |
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4.4.1 Creating and Populating a Domain Ontology |
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86 | (3) |
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4.4.2 Mapping a database to an existing ontology |
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89 | (2) |
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4.5 Complete Example: Linked Data from the Scholarly/Cultural Heritage Domain |
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91 | (7) |
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4.5.1 Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Exports as LOD in Digital Repositories |
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94 | (1) |
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4.5.2 From DSpace to Europeana: A Use Case |
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94 | (4) |
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98 | (5) |
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99 | (4) |
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5 Generating Linked Data in Real-time from Sensor Data Streams |
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103 | (24) |
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5.1 Introduction: Problem Framework |
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103 | (1) |
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5.2 Context-Awareness, Internet of Things, and Linked Data |
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104 | (1) |
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105 | (2) |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (8) |
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108 | (2) |
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5.4.2 Annotation of Sensor Data |
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110 | (1) |
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5.4.3 Real-time vs. Near-real-time Synchronous vs. Asynchronous |
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111 | (1) |
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5.4.4 Data Synchronization and Timestamping |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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5.4.6 The (Distributed) Data Storage Layer |
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113 | (2) |
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5.5 Rule-Based Stream Reasoning in Sensor Environments |
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115 | (3) |
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5.5.1 Rule-Based Reasoning in Jena |
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117 | (1) |
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5.5.2 Rule-Based Reasoning in Virtuoso |
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117 | (1) |
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5.6 Complete Example: Linked Data from a Multi-Sensor Fusion System Based on GSN |
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118 | (9) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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5.6.3 A Sensor Fusion Architecture |
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121 | (2) |
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5.6.4 High Level Fusion Example |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (3) |
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6 Conclusions: Summary and Outlook |
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127 | |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (2) |
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6.3 Domain-Specific Benefits |
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131 | (1) |
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6.4 Open Research Challenges |
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132 | |
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133 | |