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Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods [Kõva köide]

Edited by (The Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing (IZFP), Germany-), Edited by , Edited by (formerly of the Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing (IZFP), Germany), Edited by (formerly of the Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing (IZFP), Germany)
Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods discusses NDT methods and how they are highly desirable for both long-term monitoring and short-term assessment of materials, providing crucial early warning that the fatigue life of a material has elapsed, thus helping to prevent service failures.Materials Characterization Using Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Methods gives an overview of established and new NDT techniques for the characterization of materials, with a focus on materials used in the automotive, aerospace, power plants, and infrastructure construction industries. Each chapter focuses on a different NDT technique and indicates the potential of the method by selected examples of applications. Methods covered include scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography and diffraction, ultrasonic, electromagnetic, microwave, and hybrid techniques. The authors review both the determination of microstructure properties, including phase content and grain size, and the determination of mechanical properties, such as hardness, toughness, yield strength, texture, and residual stress.Gives an overview of established and new NDT techniques, including scanning and transmission electron microscopy, X-ray microtomography and diffraction, ultrasonic, electromagnetic, microwave, and hybrid techniquesReviews the determination of microstructural and mechanical propertiesFocuses on materials used in the automotive, aerospace, power plants, and infrastructure construction industriesServes as a highly desirable resource for both long-term monitoring and short-term assessment of materials

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This valuable resource provides an overview of established and new nondestructive testing (NDT) techniques for both long-term monitoring and short-term assessment and characterization of materials, focusing on methods and materials with applications in the automotive, aerospace, power, and infrastructure construction industries
List of contributors
ix
Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials xi
1 Atomic force microscopy (AFM) for materials characterization
1(16)
M.K. Khan
Q.Y. Wans
M.E. Fitzpatrick
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Comparison of AFM with other microscopy techniques
2(2)
1.3 Principles of AFM technique
4(1)
1.4 Construction and basic components of AFM
5(1)
1.5 Working modes of AFM
5(2)
1.6 Application of AFM for material characterization
7(7)
1.7 Conclusions
14(3)
Acknowledgments
15(1)
References
15(2)
2 Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for materials characterization
17(28)
B.J. Inkson
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Why electron microscopy?
18(2)
2.3 Types of microscopes
20(1)
2.4 Interaction of electrons with materials
21(3)
2.5 What material features can we analyze using electron microscopy?
24(2)
2.6 Scanning electron microscopy
26(3)
2.7 Key microstructural features analyzed by SEM
29(3)
2.8 Transmission electron microscopy
32(3)
2.9 TEM imaging modes
35(3)
2.10 TEM spectroscopy
38(1)
2.11 Key applications of TEM
39(1)
2.12 Is electron microscopy a nondestructive technique?
40(1)
2.13 Outlook for SEM and TEM
41(4)
References
42(3)
3 X-ray microtomography for materials characterization
45(36)
R. Hanke
T. Fuchs
M. Salamon
S. Zabler
3.1 Introduction
45(1)
3.2 Imaging physics
45(14)
3.3 Principles of microcomputed tomography
59(2)
3.4 Geometrical considerations and data acquisition
61(4)
3.5 System design (CT methods)
65(1)
3.6 Image reconstruction
66(2)
3.7 Image quality
68(3)
3.8 Radiation exposure
71(2)
3.9 Examples of important and/or frequent applications for materials characterization
73(4)
3.10 Conclusions and future trends
77(1)
3.11 Further literature
77(4)
References
77(4)
4 X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques for materials characterization
81(44)
J. Epp
4.1 Introduction
81(1)
4.2 Principles of X-ray diffraction techniques
82(11)
4.3 Applications
93(28)
4.4 Conclusions and future trends
121(4)
References
122(2)
Further reading
124(1)
5 Microwave, millimeter wave and terahertz (MMT) techniques for materials characterization
125(36)
C. Sklarczyk
5.1 Introduction
125(1)
5.2 Principles of MMT techniques
125(18)
5.3 Applications
143(13)
5.4 Conclusions
156(1)
5.5 Future trends
156(5)
References
157(4)
6 Acoustic microscopy for materials characterization
161(16)
R. Gr. Maev
6.1 Introduction
161(1)
6.2 Basic principles
162(1)
6.3 Resolution and contrast mechanisms
163(1)
6.4 Tessonics AM1103 acoustical microscope
164(3)
6.5 Materials characterization for industrial applications
167(1)
6.6 Scanning acoustic microscopy inspection of spot welds
168(2)
6.7 Real-time imaging of seam welds
170(1)
6.8 Imaging of adhesive bonding between various metals
171(1)
6.9 Adhesive bonding of composite and biocomposite materials
172(1)
6.10 Conclusions
173(4)
References
174(3)
7 Ultrasonic techniques for materials characterization
177(48)
G. Hubschen
7.1 Introduction
177(1)
7.2 Principles of ultrasonic technique
177(11)
7.3 Applications
188(31)
7.4 Conclusions
219(1)
7.5 Future trends
219(6)
References
220(5)
8 Electromagnetic techniques for materials characterization
225(38)
I. Altpeter
R. Tschuncky
K. Szielasko
8.1 Introduction
225(1)
8.2 Principles of electromagnetic techniques
226(6)
8.3 Applications
232(26)
8.4 Conclusions
258(1)
8.5 Future trends
259(4)
References
259(4)
9 Hybrid methods for materials characterization
263(30)
R. Tschuncky
K. Szielasko
I. Altpeter
9.1 Introduction
263(1)
9.2 Signal processing and analysis on the way toward software-defined nondestructive testing devices
264(6)
9.3 Calibration procedure
270(3)
9.4 Applications
273(15)
9.5 Conclusions
288(1)
9.6 Future trends
288(5)
References
288(5)
Index 293
Dr. Gerhard Hübschen worked for more than 30 years at the Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing (IZFP), Germany, in the department for Materials characterization, defect detection and lifetime management” Dr. Iris Altpeter worked for more than 30 years at the Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing (IZFP), Germany, and was the head of the department for Materials characterization, defect detection and lifetime management”. Dr. Ralf Tschuncky has been a member of the department for materials characterization at the Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing (IZFP), Germany for more than 15 years. Prof. Hans-Georg Herrmann holds the chair of Lightweight Systems at Saarland University, Germany, and is also head of the department In-service Inspection & Life-cycle Monitoring” and deputy director at the Fraunhofer IZFP.