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iv | |
| Preface |
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v | |
| Introduction |
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vi | |
| Topic and inquiry questions |
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vi | |
| Personal relationship to topic |
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viii | |
| Scope and limitations of the study |
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ix | |
| Key definitions |
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x | |
| Explanation of capitalization of Goddess |
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xvii | |
| Significance of the study: academic, social, personal, and spiritual |
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xviii | |
| Academic significance |
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xviii | |
| Social significance |
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xix | |
| Personal and spiritual significance |
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xix | |
| Conclusion |
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xix | |
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Chapter 1 Literature Review |
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1 | (16) |
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1 | (1) |
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Anthropological, archaeological, and historical evidence for matriarchy |
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2 | (1) |
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Archaeological and mythological evidence for Bronze Age Crete as a Goddess-centered society |
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3 | (5) |
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Archaeological, archaeomythological, and historical evidence for Bronze Age Crete as a woman-centered society |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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Women and/or the Goddess in frescoes, statues, and seals |
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9 | (2) |
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Women's legal rights in marriage, divorce, and property |
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11 | (1) |
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Archaeologists divided on Crete as a matriarchy |
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11 | (3) |
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Evidence for male rulership? |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (19) |
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18 | (1) |
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Components of archaeomythology: archaeology |
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19 | (9) |
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Components of archaeomythology: mythology |
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28 | (3) |
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Components of archaeomythology: linguistics |
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31 | (1) |
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Dating system used within this work |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Theoretical Context: Matriarchy / Patriarchy Debates |
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36 | (22) |
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Historical background to the debates over matriarchy |
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36 | (4) |
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The twentieth century debates over matriarchy |
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40 | (9) |
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The late twentieth century/early twenty-first century debates over matriarchy |
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49 | (9) |
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Chapter 4 The Mother Goddess of Crete: Interpreting the Archaeological Record, Iconography, and Sacred Sites, Using Cultural Context, Mythology, and Historical Correlates |
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58 | (36) |
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The Mother Goddess of Anatolia |
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58 | (7) |
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Attributes and iconographic forms of the Minoan Mother Goddess |
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65 | (6) |
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The character of Minoan religion and the Minoan Mother Goddess |
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71 | (14) |
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The pantheon of deities: one Goddess or many? Minoan gods |
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85 | (7) |
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The Minoan Mother Goddess defined |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Chapter 5 Analysis of the Iconography of the Mother Goddess in Crete |
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94 | (60) |
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Cretan Neolithic Mother Goddess figurines |
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94 | (1) |
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The controversy surrounding the interpretation of Neolithic female figurines |
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95 | (3) |
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A new interpretation of Ucko's `sexless' figurines |
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98 | (5) |
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The Ierapetra Snake Goddess |
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103 | (2) |
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The Goddess at the Eileithyia cave at Amnisos |
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105 | (4) |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (3) |
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114 | (2) |
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Conclusion: Early Minoan Mother Goddesses |
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116 | (1) |
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The Old Palace Period, c. 2100-1700 BC |
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117 | (1) |
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The Bowl of the Snake Goddess and the Fruitstand of the Goddess of the Lilies |
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118 | (5) |
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The New Palace Period, c. 1700-1450 BC |
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123 | (1) |
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The Snake Goddesses from the Temple Repositories at Knossos |
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123 | (6) |
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129 | (1) |
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The fresco in room 14 of Ayia Triadha |
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130 | (3) |
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The frescoes at Xeste 3 at Thera, Akrotiri |
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133 | (4) |
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The eruption at Thera and the arrival of the Mycenaeans |
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137 | (1) |
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The Third Palatial and Postpalatial Periods, c. 1450-1070 BC |
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138 | (1) |
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The Ayia Triadha Sarcophagus |
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139 | (4) |
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The Mountain Mother seal impression |
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143 | (3) |
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The Goddesses with Upraised Arms |
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146 | (6) |
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152 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 The Role of Women in Bronze Age Crete: Bull-Leapers, Priestesses, Queens, and Property Holders |
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154 | (37) |
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154 | (4) |
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158 | (7) |
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Mythology and the position of women in Minoan society |
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165 | (1) |
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The Law Code of Gortyn and the position of women in Minoan and post-Minoan society |
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166 | (4) |
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Women's preeminence in Minoan art |
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170 | (11) |
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Glyptic art and what it reveals about women in Minoan society |
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181 | (10) |
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Chapter 7 Models of Rulership: the Paucity of Images of Male Rulers; the Images of Female Rulers |
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191 | (25) |
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Possible candidates for the title of Priest-King |
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191 | (4) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (3) |
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A Hittite storm god as representative of the Minoan king? |
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199 | (6) |
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Male figures in spirally wound garments |
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205 | (2) |
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207 | (5) |
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Minoan art shows no male ruler, but rather, important women, priestesses or Goddesses |
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212 | (4) |
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Chapter 8 Was Bronze Age Crete a Matriarchy? |
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216 | (25) |
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Does a definition of patriarchy apply to Minoan Crete? |
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216 | (1) |
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Sanday's, Eisler's, Gimbutas's, and Du's definitions and their application to Minoan Crete |
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217 | (2) |
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Goettner-Abendroth's definition of matriarchy at the economic level and its application to Minoan Crete |
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219 | (12) |
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Goettner-Abendroth's definition of matriarchy at the political level and its application to Minoan Crete |
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231 | (3) |
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Goettner-Abendroth's definition of matriarchy at the social level and its application to Minoan Crete |
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234 | (3) |
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Goettner-Abendroth's definition of matriarchy at the spiritual level and its application to Minoan Crete |
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237 | (1) |
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Conclusion: based on Goettner-Abendroth's definition of matriarchy, Minoan Crete was a matriarchal society |
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238 | (3) |
| References |
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241 | |