| Preface |
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xi | |
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Unit 1 Introduction and Overview |
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3 | (8) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.3 Audience and Prerequisites |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.5 Organization and Sequence |
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5 | (1) |
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1.6 Course Objectives/Learning Objectives |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.8 Additional Study/Computational Aids |
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6 | (5) |
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Unit 2 Fundamentals of Measurement Uncertainty Analysis |
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11 | (32) |
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2.1 The Purpose of Engineering, Experimental, or Test Measurements |
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11 | (2) |
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2.2 Measurement Error Definition |
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13 | (23) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (5) |
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Unit 3 The Measurement Uncertainty Model |
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43 | (34) |
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3.1 The Statement of Measurement Uncertainty |
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43 | (1) |
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3.2 Grouping and Categorizing Error Sources |
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44 | (3) |
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3.3 The Calculation of Measurement Uncertainty (Symmetrical Systematic Uncertainties) |
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47 | (6) |
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3.4 The Uncertainty Statement (Symmetrical Systematic Standard Uncertainties) |
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53 | (4) |
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3.5 Computing the Uncertainty Interval (Symmetrical Systematic Uncertainty) |
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57 | (2) |
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3.6 The Calculation of Measurement Uncertainty (Nonsymmetrical Standard Systematic Uncertainties) |
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59 | (5) |
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3.7 Common Uncertainty Model Summary |
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64 | (3) |
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3.8 Detailed Experiment---Temperature---Without any Uncertainty Propagation |
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67 | (4) |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (4) |
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Unit 4 How To Do It Summary |
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77 | (52) |
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4.1 Review of Nomenclature |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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4.3 Calculation of Random Standard Uncertainties |
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79 | (5) |
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4.4 Obtaining and Combining Systematic Standard Uncertainties |
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84 | (6) |
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4.5 Nonsymmetrical Systematic Standard Uncertainties |
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90 | (1) |
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4.6 Step-by-Step Instructions |
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91 | (3) |
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4.7 Treatment of Calibration Errors (Uncertainties) |
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94 | (2) |
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4.8 Simplified Uncertainty Analysis for Calibrations |
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96 | (12) |
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4.9 Interplay of Random and Systematic Effects on an Uncertainty Analysis |
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108 | (4) |
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4.10 Business Decisions and the Impact of Measurement Uncertainty |
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112 | (4) |
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4.11 The Timing of an Uncertainty Analysis |
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116 | (4) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (9) |
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Unit 5 Uncertainty (Error) Propagation |
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129 | (52) |
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5.1 General Considerations |
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129 | (1) |
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5.2 The Need for Uncertainty Propagation |
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130 | (1) |
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5.3 Theoretical Considerations: Methods for Uncertainty Propagation |
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131 | (14) |
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5.4 Uncertainty Propagation Examples |
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145 | (17) |
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5.5 Detailed Equation for Uncertainty Propagation |
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162 | (1) |
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5.6 Uncertainty of Results Derived from X-Y Plots |
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162 | (4) |
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5.7 Class Experiment---Weighing---Requiring Uncertainty Propagation |
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166 | (6) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (7) |
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Unit 6 Weighting Method for Multiple Results |
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181 | (12) |
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6.1 The Purpose of Multiple Measurements of the Same Test Result |
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181 | (1) |
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6.2 Fundamentals of Weighting by Uncertainty |
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181 | (8) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (4) |
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Unit 7 Applied Considerations |
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193 | (38) |
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7.1 General Considerations |
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193 | (1) |
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7.2 Choice of Error (and Uncertainty) Units |
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194 | (2) |
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7.3 Treatment of Outliers |
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196 | (3) |
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199 | (11) |
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7.5 Correlation Coefficients: Their Use and Misuse |
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210 | (2) |
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7.6 Tests for Normality, Probability Plots |
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212 | (5) |
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217 | (5) |
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7.8 Selecting Instrumentation Based on Vendor Uncertainty Statements |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (6) |
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Unit 8 Presentation of Results |
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231 | (8) |
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8.1 General Considerations |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (4) |
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236 | (3) |
| Appendix A Suggested Reading and Study Materials |
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239 | (6) |
| Appendix B Glossary |
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245 | (8) |
| Appendix C Nomenclature |
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253 | (8) |
| Appendix D Student's t for 95% Confidence |
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261 | (4) |
| Appendix E 5% Significant Thompson's |
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265 | (4) |
| Appendix F Areas Under the Normal Curve |
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269 | (4) |
| Appendix G Pressure Instrumentation Selection Example |
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273 | (14) |
| Appendix H Alternate Measurement Uncertainty Analysis Approach |
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287 | (4) |
| Appendix I Key Words and Phrases in Uncertainty Analysis |
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291 | (6) |
| Appendix J Prime Equations for Standard Uncertainty Analysis |
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297 | (8) |
| Appendix K Condensed Measurement Uncertainty |
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305 | (18) |
| Appendix L Discussion of the Advantages and Disadvantages of the Basic, the ISO, and the ASME Uncertainty Models |
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323 | (18) |
| Appendix M Solutions to All Exercises |
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341 | (20) |
| Appendix N Uncertainty Analysis Template |
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361 | (4) |
| Appendix O Prime Equations for Uncertainty Analysis |
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365 | (4) |
| Index |
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369 | |