About The Editors |
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xvii | |
About The Contributors |
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xix | |
Preface |
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xxvi | |
Introduction |
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xxxii | |
Section I Foundations |
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1 Tools For Ethical Decision Making |
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1 | (22) |
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2 | (1) |
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Codes for the Media Professions |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (16) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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Aristotle's Virtue Ethics |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (2) |
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Utilitarianism and J.S. Mill's Principle of Utility |
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11 | (3) |
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Ross' Prima Fade and Actual Duties |
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14 | (1) |
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John Rawls' Veil of Ignorance |
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15 | (2) |
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Sissela Bok's Test of Publicity |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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Ethical Decision Making and Religion |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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2 The Morally Developed Media Professional |
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23 | (13) |
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Moral Development in Theory |
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24 | (4) |
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Who's Who in Moral Development Theory |
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24 | (1) |
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The Early Stage of Moral Development |
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25 | (1) |
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The Conventional Stage of Moral Development |
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26 | (1) |
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The Later Stage of Moral Development |
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27 | (1) |
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Moral Development in Practice |
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28 | (6) |
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One Young Reporter's Wake-Up Call |
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29 | (1) |
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The Moral Development Perspective |
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29 | (2) |
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Becoming a Media Professional |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Exercise Your Own Moral Development |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (2) |
Section II Honesty |
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3 Confronting Others' Violations: The Case Of The Manipulated Photo |
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36 | (13) |
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Moral Development in Theory |
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36 | (2) |
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Tool For Thought: The Potter Box |
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38 | (2) |
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The Challenge: Speak Up or Stay Silent? |
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40 | (1) |
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The Response: Seeking Counsel |
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41 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: NPPA Ethics Code |
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42 | (2) |
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The Aftermath: Professional Standards Defended |
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44 | (5) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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Topics: Photo Manipulation, Responsibility for Others' Behavior, Upholding Professional Versus Individual Standards |
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4 Political Espionage Or Politics As Usual? The Case Of Political Campaign Tactics |
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49 | (10) |
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The Situation: A High-Profile Political Campaign |
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50 | (1) |
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The Challenge: Misrepresentation and Diversion |
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50 | (3) |
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The Response: Sticking to "My Moral Compass" |
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53 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: PRSA's Code of Ethics |
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54 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: Politically Aware |
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55 | (4) |
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56 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (2) |
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Topics: Ethics and the "Political Game," Misrepresentation and Diversions in Campaigns, Balancing Advocacy and Honesty |
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5 Focus Group Dilemma: The Case Of The Compromised Tagline |
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59 | (11) |
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The Situation: Rebranding a Nonprofit |
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60 | (1) |
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The Challenge: The Boss Is Manipulating the Campaign |
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60 | (2) |
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The Response: Silence Becomes Dread |
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62 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: Two Codes of Marketing Research Standards |
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63 | (2) |
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The Aftermath: Learning How to Speak Up |
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65 | (5) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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Topics: Accountability in Market Research, Dealing with Others' Unethical Behavior, Working with Consultants, Seeing the Bigger Picture |
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6 Omg! This Band Is Sooo Gr8! The Case Of The Phony Teenager |
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70 | (12) |
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The Situation: "You Want Me to Do What?" |
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71 | (1) |
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The Challenge: Serving the Client While Staying Honest |
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72 | (1) |
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The Response: Refusing to Lie |
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73 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: The Potter Box and the Navran Model |
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74 | (3) |
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The Aftermath: Honor Upheld, Business Lost |
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77 | (5) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (2) |
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Topics: Online Deception, Social Media, Protecting the Vulnerable, Standing Up for One's Beliefs |
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7 Identifying Suspects: The Case Of The Waco Shooting |
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82 | (7) |
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The Situation: Motorcycle Gangs, Police with Guns and a Shootout |
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82 | (1) |
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The Challenge: To Report the Names-or Not? |
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83 | (1) |
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The Response: Use the Names |
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84 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: When Competitive Pressures Drive Newsroom Decisions |
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85 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: Minimize Harm |
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85 | (4) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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Topics: Social Media, Naming Crime Victims, Competitive Pressures, Getting Information First |
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8 Solo Judgment Calls: The Case Of The One-Person "TV Crew" |
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89 | (13) |
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The Situation: A Tornado and Its Aftermath |
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90 | (1) |
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The Challenge: To Re-create or Not to Re-create |
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91 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: Using File Footage and VNRs |
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92 | (2) |
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The Response: Reality, with a Tweak |
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94 | (2) |
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The Aftermath: More Stories, More Lessons |
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96 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: Guidelines for Ethical Video and Audio Editing |
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98 | (4) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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Topics: Re-creating Moments, Manipulating a Shot, Using Video Handout Material, Developing/Maintaining Standards When Working Alone |
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9 Seeking Answers For Students: The Case Of The Undercover Reporter |
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102 | (12) |
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The Situation: Inconsistent Rules on Transfer Credit |
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103 | (1) |
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The Challenge: Gathering Information from Difficult Sources |
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103 | (2) |
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Tool For Action: Rules of Engagement for Deception |
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105 | (1) |
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The Response: Pretending to Be Someone Else |
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105 | (2) |
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Tool For Thought: Mill and Avoiding Rationalization |
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107 | (2) |
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The Aftermath: Publication and Policy Changes |
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109 | (5) |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Topics: Deception, Transparency About Process, Balancing Ends and Means |
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10 Prior Restraint: The Case Of "See Below The Fold" |
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114 | (12) |
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The Situation: Classroom Encounters of an Unusual Kind |
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115 | (2) |
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The Challenge: Journalists or Not Journalists? |
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117 | (1) |
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The Response: What Should They Do Now? |
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118 | (2) |
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Tool For Action: Seeking Truth and (Some) Independence |
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120 | (2) |
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The Aftermath: "Part of Something Greater" |
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122 | (4) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Topics: Censorship and Prior Restraint, Administrators vs. Editors in Collegiate Journalism, Taking a Stand on Principle |
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11 Face To Face With The Facts: The Case Of The Disagreeing Sources |
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126 | (12) |
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The Situation: Drowning in Facts |
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126 | (2) |
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The Challenge: Include Everything or Just Some Things? |
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128 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: SPJ's Mandate to Minimize Harm and Sissela Bok's Test |
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129 | (1) |
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The Response: What Should I Do? |
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130 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: Readers Respond |
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131 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: The Veil of Ignorance |
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132 | (6) |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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Topics: Maintaining Objectivity, Evaluating Competing Versions of a Story, Minimizing Harm, Focusing on Facts |
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Section III Sensitivity |
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12 Sensitivity And Social Media: The Case Of The Student Death |
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138 | (14) |
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The Situation: Crowdsourcing a Death |
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138 | (4) |
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The Challenge: How to Report a Cause of Death |
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142 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: Using Facebook and Other Social Networking Sites |
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143 | (1) |
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The Response: Getting the Stories |
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144 | (2) |
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Tool For Thought: Carol Gilligan's Ethics of Care |
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146 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: Taking Professional Action |
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147 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: Using Social Media |
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148 | (4) |
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149 | (1) |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (2) |
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Topics: Seeking Information from Social Media, Damage Control After a Mistake |
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13 The Case Of Ethics In Immersion Journalism: The White Noise |
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152 | (10) |
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The Situation: "Why Are You Writing About This?" |
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152 | (1) |
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The Challenge: Balancing Ethics and Protecting Sources |
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153 | (3) |
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The Response: Giving Voice to Those Seldom Heard |
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156 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: Carol Gilligan's Ethics of Care |
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157 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: "Just Talk to People" |
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158 | (4) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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Topics: The Balance Between Ethics and Protecting Sources, Working with Vulnerable Populations, Friendship with Sources |
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14 When Privacy Outweighs The Public's Right To Know: The Case Of The Rape Victim |
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162 | (7) |
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The Situation: "This Isn't the Average Murder" |
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163 | (1) |
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The Challenge: "Concealing Isn't Enough" |
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163 | (1) |
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The Response: Leaving Out Details |
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164 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: W.D. Ross |
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165 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: Handling Future Coverage |
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166 | (3) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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Topics: Deciding Whether to Identify a Victim, Shaping a Story to Avoid Identifying a Rape Victim, Weighing a Journalist's Duties to the Public and to Victims |
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15 Free Speech, Official Pressure: The Case Of The Visiting Foreign Student |
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169 | (14) |
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The Situation: "American Culture, with a Minnesotan Twist" |
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170 | (1) |
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The Challenge: "Bold Statements, Straightforward Views" |
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171 | (2) |
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The Response: Story's Up, But Government Wants It Down |
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173 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: SPJ Code of Ethics |
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174 | (3) |
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The Aftermath: "No Longer Written in Stone" |
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177 | (6) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Topics: Cross-Cultural Sensitivity, Protecting the Vulnerable, Dealing with Government Officials, Unpublishing Under Threat |
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16 Sins Of Omission: The Case Of The Not-So-Free Pet Party |
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183 | (12) |
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The Situation: Come to Our First Barking Barbecue! |
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184 | (1) |
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The Challenge: Follow Orders or Serve the Truth? |
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185 | (2) |
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The Response: Reality Meets Promotion |
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187 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: Provisions of Conduct in the PRSA Ethics Code |
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188 | (2) |
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The Aftermath: Communication Is a Management Function |
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190 | (5) |
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191 | (1) |
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191 | (2) |
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193 | (2) |
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Topics: Honest Advertising, Loyalty to Clients, Dealing with Boss's Misdeeds |
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17 Please Don't Use The Video: The Case Of The Fatal Accident |
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195 | (11) |
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The Situation: A Soldier, a Girl, Alcohol and a Red Light |
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195 | (2) |
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The Challenge: "Can You Please Not Use the Video?" |
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197 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: Telling Truth Versus Doing Harm |
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198 | (2) |
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The Response: Run the Whole Thing |
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200 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: No Second Thoughts |
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201 | (5) |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (2) |
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Topics: Minimizing Harm, Sensitivity to Stakeholders, Responding to Competition |
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18 Source Remorse: The Case Of The Requests To "Unpublish" |
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206 | (21) |
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The Situation: "I'm Afraid My Employer |
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Will Google My Name and See My Story" |
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207 | (3) |
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The Challenge: Small Paper, Big Audience |
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210 | (2) |
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The Response: Trying to Dodge the Search Engines |
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212 | (2) |
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Tool For Thought: Clifford G. Christians on Privacy and Morality |
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214 | (2) |
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The Aftermath: More Requests, New Standards |
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216 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: Questions to Guide "Unpublishing" Decisions |
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217 | (10) |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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Topics: Privacy, Altering Web Archives, Balancing Truth with Harm |
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Section IV: Balance |
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19 Friend Of The Victim: The Case Of The Murdered Student |
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227 | (13) |
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The Situation: Student Body President Found Murdered |
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228 | (1) |
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The Challenge: Handling Emotion, Getting It Right |
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229 | (1) |
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The Response: "I Stood My Ground" |
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230 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: The Philosophies of William Ross and Sissela Bok |
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231 | (3) |
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The Aftermath: Reflecting on Dual Roles |
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234 | (6) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (2) |
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Topics: Balancing Multiple Roles, Reporting on a Friend, Anonymous Sources, Intrusion in Audio Reporting |
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20 When Ethical Compasses Collide: The Case Of Following One's Conscience |
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240 | (12) |
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The Situation: Facilitating Communication with the Public |
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240 | (2) |
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The Challenge: Maintaining Neutrality |
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242 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: The PRSA Member Statement of Professional Values |
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243 | (2) |
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The Response: Consulting Codes of Ethics |
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245 | (2) |
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Tool For Action: Considering Your Options |
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247 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: Compromises May Be Made |
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248 | (4) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (2) |
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Topics: Communicating with the Public, Building Trust, Appearance of Bias |
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21 You Sent Me What?! The Case Of Sexual Harassment At An Internship |
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252 | (10) |
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The Situation: Questionable Requests from a Supervisor |
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252 | (2) |
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The Challenge: What to Do? |
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254 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: The Doctrine of the Mean and the Categorical Imperative |
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255 | (1) |
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The Response: Leaving the Internship |
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256 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: Dealing with Sexual Harassment or Sexism at Work |
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257 | (2) |
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The Aftermath: Looking Forward to Their Careers |
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259 | (3) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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Topics: Sexism and Discrimination in the Workplace, Internship Rights, Reaching Out for Support |
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22 Advertiser Pressure: The Case Of The School Lunches |
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262 | (8) |
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The Situation: A Complaint About School Lunches |
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262 | (1) |
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The Challenge: Advertiser Pressure |
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263 | (1) |
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The Response: "I Was Shocked and Confused" |
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264 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: Act Independently |
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264 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: Self-Censorship |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: RTDNA Guidelines for Balancing Business Pressure and Journalistic Values |
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266 | (4) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (2) |
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Topics: Outside Pressure on News, Independence as a News Value, Financial Pressures in Media, Dangers of Self-Censorship |
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23 Journalists' Judgments Versus Audience Clicks: The Case Of Web Analytics' Influence |
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270 | (15) |
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The Situation: When Is a Big Story Not a Top Story? |
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271 | (3) |
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The Challenge: Who Decides What's News? |
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274 | (3) |
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The Response: "A Missed Opportunity" |
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277 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: W.D. Ross and Choosing Between Competing Duties |
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278 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: More Analytics, More Options and Questions |
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279 | (6) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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Topics: Technology Versus Tradition, Incorporating Community Views, News Judgment |
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24 Are Public Officials Always On The Record? The Case Of The Councilor's Blog |
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285 | (14) |
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The Situation: A City Councilor Speaks Out |
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286 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: Tips for Using Blog Posts in News Coverage |
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287 | (2) |
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The Challenge: Are Blog Posts Newsworthy Quotes? |
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289 | (2) |
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The Response: Run It and Wonder |
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291 | (2) |
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Tool For Thought: Day's SAD Decision-Making Model |
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293 | (2) |
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The Aftermath: Blogs Go Mainstream |
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295 | (4) |
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295 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (2) |
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Topics: Public Versus Private Speech, Verifying Online Information, Changing Standards |
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25 On The Record Or Off? The Case Of The Cranky Professor |
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299 | (14) |
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The Situation: Late Professor, Angry Students |
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300 | (2) |
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The Challenge: "I Retract All My Comments" |
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302 | (2) |
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Tool For Thought: Combining Codes and Theory |
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304 | (1) |
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The Response: Weigh the Options and Choose |
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305 | (4) |
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The Aftermath: Institutional and Individual Impact |
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309 | (4) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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Topics: Community Understanding of Rules, News Judgment, Standing Up to Threats |
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26 Giving Voice To The Voiceless: The Case Of Telling The Story Of The Other |
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313 | (11) |
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The Situation: A New Project Causes Unexpected Concerns |
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314 | (1) |
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The Challenge: "Who Am I to Tell This Story?" |
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315 | (1) |
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Tool For Thought: Rawls' Social Contract View of Justice |
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316 | (2) |
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The Response: Seeking Counsel |
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318 | (1) |
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Tool For Action: Following the SPJ Code of Ethics |
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319 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: "Everything Is Storytelling" |
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320 | (4) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (1) |
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Topics: Public Information and Private; Social and Economic Inequalities; Seeking Diverse Sources; Being "the Other" |
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27 Along Came A Better Offer: Two Cases Of Job-Hunting Ethics |
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324 | (16) |
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The Situation: "I Got the Job, but..." |
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325 | (2) |
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The Challenge: Dealing with Second Thoughts |
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327 | (3) |
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Tool For Thought: The Millennial Generation |
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330 | (2) |
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The Response: Making a Quick Switch |
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332 | (2) |
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Tool For Action: The Benjamin Franklin Balance Sheet |
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334 | (1) |
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The Aftermath: Two Approaches, Two Results |
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335 | (5) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | |
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Topics: Patience, Transparency About What You're Doing, Job Search Honesty |
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Appendix: Links To Ethics Codes |
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340 | (3) |
Index |
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343 | |