Preface to the Second Edition |
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xiii | |
Preface to the First Edition |
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xvii | |
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PART I: PLACING THE MEDIA |
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1 | (132) |
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3 | (31) |
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8 | (9) |
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Defining and Distinguishing the Media |
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8 | (5) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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Two Models of Communication |
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17 | (11) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (4) |
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Contrasting the Two Models |
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24 | (4) |
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28 | (5) |
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28 | (1) |
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Power as Control: Consensus and Conflict |
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29 | (4) |
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33 | (1) |
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Narratives of Media History |
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34 | (31) |
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From Oral to Electronic Culture |
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35 | (16) |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (3) |
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Criticisms of Technological Determinism |
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46 | (5) |
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51 | (4) |
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From Social Relationship to Culture |
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51 | (1) |
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52 | (3) |
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From Modernity to Postmodernity |
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55 | (7) |
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55 | (3) |
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58 | (4) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (2) |
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Media People and Organizations |
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65 | (34) |
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MediaMaking and Levels of Analysis |
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65 | (7) |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (2) |
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69 | (1) |
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69 | (3) |
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72 | (24) |
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72 | (4) |
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Organizations and Industries |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (8) |
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Roles and Reference Groups |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (1) |
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The Nature of Institutional Relationships |
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85 | (1) |
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Government-Media Relations |
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86 | (7) |
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Relations With Other Institutions |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (2) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (34) |
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A Primer of Economic Terms |
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100 | (2) |
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102 | (24) |
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The Sources of Media Support |
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103 | (10) |
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Competition Among the Media |
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113 | (5) |
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Profit in the Media Industries |
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118 | (4) |
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122 | (4) |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (4) |
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132 | (1) |
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PART II: MAKING SENSE OF THE MEDIA |
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133 | (84) |
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135 | (26) |
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138 | (5) |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (2) |
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Semiotics and the Meaning of Meaning |
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143 | (13) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (4) |
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150 | (3) |
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153 | (3) |
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156 | (3) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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The Interpretation of Meaning |
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161 | (32) |
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The Nature of Interpretation |
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162 | (3) |
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What Is the Text to Be Interpreted? |
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163 | (1) |
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Why Have We Turned to This Text? |
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163 | (2) |
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How Does a Text Communicate? |
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165 | (1) |
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Interpretation and the Author |
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165 | (3) |
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Techniques of Interpretation |
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168 | (23) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (3) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (2) |
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182 | (4) |
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186 | (3) |
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The Analysis of Visual Texts |
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189 | (2) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (24) |
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Ideology, Reality, and Representation |
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194 | (6) |
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Reality and Theories of Ideology |
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200 | (11) |
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A Realistic Theory of Ideology |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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Social Constructionism and Ideology |
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205 | (6) |
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211 | (5) |
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216 | (1) |
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PART III: THE POWER OF THE MEDIA |
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217 | (120) |
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219 | (34) |
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Constructing the Audience as Market |
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222 | (10) |
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The Audience as Market: Consumers |
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223 | (6) |
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The Audience as Market: Commodity |
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229 | (3) |
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232 | (19) |
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Representation as Stereotypes |
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235 | (8) |
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Representation as Cultural Construction |
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243 | (8) |
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251 | (1) |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (40) |
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257 | (5) |
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262 | (5) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (2) |
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The Critique of Functionalism |
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266 | (1) |
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The Social Psychology of Consumption |
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267 | (7) |
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267 | (1) |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (4) |
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The Sociology of Consumption |
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274 | (18) |
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The Geography of Media Consumption |
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274 | (5) |
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Media Consumption and Social Relations |
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279 | (1) |
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Anonymous Social Relations |
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280 | (1) |
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Institutional Relationships |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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Fans, Fashion, and Subcultures |
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284 | (5) |
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The Availability of Media Consumption |
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289 | (3) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (44) |
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296 | (15) |
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296 | (5) |
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301 | (1) |
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Models of Behavior Making |
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302 | (1) |
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Theories of Behavior Making |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (4) |
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308 | (2) |
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``Social Reality'' as Mediator of Behavior |
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310 | (1) |
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Persuasive Communication Research |
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311 | (4) |
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The McGuire Process Model |
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312 | (1) |
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The Theory of Reasoned Action |
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313 | (1) |
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Information-Processing Approaches |
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313 | (2) |
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Debate Over Media Effects |
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315 | (18) |
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Violence in the Media and Aggressive Behavior |
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315 | (8) |
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The Influence of Pornography |
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323 | (4) |
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327 | (6) |
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The Effects of Media Effects |
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333 | (2) |
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335 | (2) |
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PART IV: MEDIA AND PUBLIC LIFE |
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337 | (120) |
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339 | (39) |
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340 | (17) |
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A Thumbnail History of News |
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340 | (4) |
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The Newspaper as Mass Medium |
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344 | (3) |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (1) |
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348 | (7) |
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News and Reality, Today and Tomorrow |
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355 | (2) |
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357 | (16) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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Persuasion and Decision Making |
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359 | (1) |
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The Opinion-Leader Concept |
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360 | (2) |
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362 | (1) |
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Endorsements and Advertising |
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363 | (4) |
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367 | (2) |
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369 | (1) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (2) |
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373 | (2) |
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375 | (2) |
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377 | (1) |
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The Media, the Public, and Normative Theories |
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378 | (43) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (5) |
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380 | (1) |
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The Decline of the Public |
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380 | (2) |
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Is There a Problem of the Public? |
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382 | (2) |
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384 | (11) |
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The Public as Individuals |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (5) |
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The Public as ``Publics'' |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (1) |
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Media Response to the Public |
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394 | (1) |
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Normative Theories of the Media |
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395 | (25) |
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396 | (9) |
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Challenges to Classical Liberalism |
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405 | (1) |
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Social Responsibility Theory |
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405 | (5) |
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410 | (4) |
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The Political Economic Argument |
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414 | (2) |
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416 | (1) |
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Normative Solutions: What Should Be Done? |
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417 | (3) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (36) |
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Globalization, the Nation-State, and Cultural Imperialism |
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425 | (12) |
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426 | (11) |
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Globalization, Culture, and Media |
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437 | (7) |
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444 | (10) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (2) |
References |
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457 | (20) |
Index |
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477 | (16) |
About the Authors |
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493 | |