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Medical Device Design: Innovation from Concept to Market 2nd edition [Pehme köide]

(Partner in Metaphysis LLP, Award Leader MSc Medical Engineering Design, Keele University, and Honorary Professor Guangxi University of Science and Technology)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 538 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 880 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128149620
  • ISBN-13: 9780128149621
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 538 pages, kõrgus x laius: 235x191 mm, kaal: 880 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 26-Oct-2019
  • Kirjastus: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0128149620
  • ISBN-13: 9780128149621
Teised raamatud teemal:

Medical Device Design: Innovation from Concept to Market, Second Edition provides the bridge between engineering design and medical device development. There is no single text that addresses the plethora of design issues a medical devices designer meets when developing new products or improving older ones; this book fills that need. It addresses medical devices' regulatory (FDA and EU) requirements, shows the essential methodologies medical designers must understand to ensure their products meet requirements, and brings together proven design protocols, thus enabling engineers and medical device manufacturers to rapidly bring new products to the marketplace.

This book is unique because it takes the reader through the process of medical device development, from very early stages of conceptualization, to commercialization on the global market. This rare resource can be used by both professionals and newcomers to device design.

  • Provides a reference to standards and regulations that have been updated, including ISO 13485:2016, FDA regulations and the European Medical Device Regulation
  • Includes new case studies in the areas of classifying medical devices, the design process, quality, labeling, instructions for use, and more
  • Presents additional content around software and biocompatibility concerns
Preface xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(16)
1.1 The medical devices world since 2012
1(10)
1.1.1 What has changed since Edition 1
1(1)
1.1.2 The internet of things and big data
2(1)
1.1.3 The medical devices "police"
2(1)
1.1.4 Essential definitions and how they have changed
3(8)
1.2 What is design?
11(4)
1.2.1 The design life cycle
14(1)
1.3 Summary
15(1)
References
16(1)
Chapter 2 Classifying medical devices
17(34)
2.1 Why classify?
17(1)
2.2 Classification rules
18(5)
2.2.1 Custom made devices
21(2)
2.3 Classification case studies
23(9)
2.3.1 EU classification
24(4)
2.3.2 USA classification case study
28(2)
2.3.3 Special cases
30(2)
2.4 Further case studies
32(5)
2.4.1 OTC joint support device
32(3)
2.4.2 A device that can jump classification!
35(1)
2.4.3 An In-vitro diagnostic device
36(1)
2.5 Classification models
37(2)
2.6 Classification and the design process
39(2)
2.7 Classifying software
41(6)
2.7.1 Software safety classification
43(1)
2.7.2 Case Study
44(3)
2.8 Impact of classification on conformity assessment
47(1)
2.9 Summary
48(1)
2.9.1 Homework
48(1)
References
49(1)
Websites for further information
49(2)
Chapter 3 The design process
51(28)
3.1 Design process v design control
51(3)
3.2 Changes since the last edition
54(1)
3.3 Design models
55(9)
3.3.1 Pahl and Beitz, and Pugh
55(4)
3.3.2 Divergent-convergent model
59(5)
3.4 Managing design
64(10)
3.4.1 Common design management models
64(10)
3.5 Cross-reference with regulatory requirements
74(2)
3.6 Summary
76(1)
3.7 Tasks
77(1)
References
78(1)
Further reading
78(1)
Chapter 4 Implementing design procedures
79(24)
4.1 Introduction
79(1)
4.2 Review of guidelines
80(1)
4.3 Overall procedure
80(5)
4.4 Audit/Review procedure
85(6)
4.5 The design process
91(9)
4.5.1 New product procedure
91(2)
4.5.2 Clarification/product specification procedure
93(2)
4.5.3 Detailed design procedure
95(1)
4.5.4 Design verification/validation/evaluation procedure
96(1)
4.5.5 Design changes
97(1)
4.5.6 Control of documents
98(1)
4.5.7 Risk assessment procedure
99(1)
4.6 Implementing a procedure
100(1)
4.7 Summary
101(1)
References
101(2)
Chapter 5 Developing your product design specification
103(40)
5.1 Introduction
103(1)
5.1.1 Lining up the PDS with the new "risk" focused requirements
103(1)
5.2 Developing the statement of need (or brief)
104(4)
5.2.1 Identifying the lone thing'
104(1)
5.2.2 Formalising the statement of need
105(3)
5.3 The product design specification (PDS)
108(13)
5.3.1 Essential elements of a PDS
109(1)
5.3.2 Customer
110(2)
5.3.3 Regulatory and statutory
112(1)
5.3.4 Technical
113(1)
5.3.5 Performance
114(3)
5.3.6 Sales
117(1)
5.3.7 Manufacturing
117(2)
5.3.8 Packaging and transportation
119(1)
5.3.9 Environmental
119(2)
5.3.10 Summary
121(1)
5.4 Finding, extracting and analysing the content
121(14)
5.4.1 Focus groups
121(2)
5.4.2 Regulatory bodies
123(1)
5.4.3 Immersion
124(1)
5.4.4 Libraries
124(3)
5.4.5 Technical literature
127(1)
5.4.6 The internet
127(1)
5.4.7 Conferences and symposia
127(1)
5.4.8 Others
128(7)
5.5 Devices containing electronics or electrical power
135(4)
5.6 Software
139(2)
5.6.1 A word about mobile/cell phones and apps
139(1)
5.6.2 Platforms
140(1)
5.6.3 Operating systems
141(1)
5.6.4 Embedded software
141(1)
5.7 Summary
141(1)
5.8 Homework
142(1)
References
142(1)
Further reading
142(1)
Chapter 6 Generating ideas and concepts
143(30)
6.1 Introduction
143(27)
6.1.1 The `engineer's notebook'
144(1)
6.1.2 A number of phases
144(3)
6.1.3 Creative space
147(2)
6.1.4 Generating concepts/ideas
149(12)
6.1.5 Selecting concepts and ideas
161(7)
6.1.6 Risk Analysis
168(1)
6.1.7 Summary
168(2)
References
170(3)
Chapter 7 Enhancing quality in design
173(44)
7.1 Introduction
173(1)
7.2 Why quality in design?
173(1)
7.3 Optimization
174(5)
7.4 2k Factorial experiments/design of experiments
179(9)
7.5 House of quality
188(3)
7.6 Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)
191(14)
7.7 Fault tree analysis
205(4)
7.8 Ishikawa diagram
209(1)
7.9 D - 4 ---X
210(1)
7.10 Six sigma
211(1)
7.11 End user input
212(1)
7.12 Talk to your suppliers
213(1)
7.13 A word about software development
213(1)
7.14 Summary
214(1)
References
215(2)
Chapter 8 Design realisation/detailed design
217(70)
8.1 Introduction
217(1)
8.2 The process to design realization
217(2)
8.2.1 Macro project plan
218(1)
8.2.2 Assemble design team
218(1)
8.2.3 Micro-plan
218(1)
8.2.4 Delivery of sub-projects
218(1)
8.2.5 Delivery of overall design
219(1)
8.2.6 How?
219(1)
8.3 Assemble your detailed design team
219(4)
8.3.1 DHF considerations for the "lead designer"
220(1)
8.3.2 Phases of a team
221(1)
8.3.3 Design meetings/design reviews
222(1)
8.4 Design calculations
223(7)
8.4.1 Computer aided analysis
225(1)
8.4.2 Computer aided analysis disciplines
226(4)
8.5 Materials selection
230(9)
8.5.1 Formalising the selection process
230(1)
8.5.2 PDS
231(1)
8.5.3 Precedent
231(1)
8.5.4 Research
231(1)
8.5.5 Regulatory bodies
231(1)
8.5.6 Standards
232(1)
8.5.7 Materials search engines
233(3)
8.5.8 Advisory bodies
236(1)
8.5.9 Consultancies
236(1)
8.5.10 Animal products
236(1)
8.5.11 Biocompatibility
237(2)
8.6 Computer aided design
239(11)
8.6.1 Cloud computing
240(1)
8.6.2 Document and revision management
241(1)
8.6.3 Collaboration
241(1)
8.6.4 Reverse engineering
242(1)
8.6.5 Engineering drawings
243(1)
8.6.6 Part numbering
243(3)
8.6.7 Tolerances
246(1)
8.6.8 Sign off
247(1)
8.6.9 Rapid prototyping (RP)
247(1)
8.6.10 3D visualization
248(2)
8.7 Component selection
250(1)
8.8 D-4-X
251(33)
8.8.1 Design for manufacture (DFM)
252(4)
8.8.2 Design for assembly (DFA)
256(2)
8.8.3 Design for disassembly (DFDA)
258(1)
8.8.4 Design for sterilzation (DFS)
259(3)
8.8.5 Design for environment/sustainability (DFE)
262(6)
8.8.6 Design for usability (DFU)
268(12)
8.8.7 Design for desirability
280(1)
8.8.8 Design for connectivity
280(4)
8.9 Summary
284(1)
References
284(3)
Chapter 9 Risk management, risk analysis and ISO 14971
287(30)
9.1 Introduction
287(1)
9.2 Risk management
288(2)
9.3 Risk analysis
290(1)
9.4 Identifying risks/hazards
291(7)
9.5 Assessing level of risk
298(9)
9.5.1 Other ways of assessing risk
305(2)
9.6 Risk management procedure document
307(2)
9.7 Risk management folder in the technical file
309(1)
9.8 Risk management and internal procedures
310(4)
9.8.1 Risk management and the company's risk register
313(1)
9.9 Software
314(1)
9.10 Standards, courses and certification
315(1)
9.10.1 A copy of the standard?
315(1)
9.10.2 Courses and certification
316(1)
9.11 Summary
316(1)
References
316(1)
Chapter 10 Evaluation (validation and verification)
317(60)
10.1 Introduction
317(1)
10.2 Reporting of evaluations
318(4)
10.2.1 Criteria based evaluation
318(1)
10.2.2 Independence
319(1)
10.2.3 Qualifications
319(1)
10.2.4 Repeatability and reproducibility
320(1)
10.2.5 Cross-correlation
320(1)
10.2.6 Report format
320(2)
10.3 In-Vitro evaluations
322(23)
10.3.1 Accelerated life tests
322(4)
10.3.2 Cleaning and sterilisation
326(2)
10.3.3 Calibration
328(7)
10.3.4 Surface/shape/dimension evaluation
335(5)
10.3.5 Tests associated with electrical safety
340(1)
10.3.6 Literature review
341(4)
10.4 In silico
345(3)
10.4.1 Animation and virtual reality
345(1)
10.4.2 Dynamic simulation
346(1)
10.4.3 Finite element analysis (FEA)
347(1)
10.4.4 Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
347(1)
10.4.5 Software error checking
347(1)
10.4.6 Caveat
348(1)
10.5 In-vivo
348(19)
10.5.1 Clinical study, clinical trial or clinical evaluation: what is the difference?
348(2)
10.5.2 Why conduct a clinical study?
350(1)
10.5.3 Structure of clinical studies
350(10)
10.5.4 Analysis of data
360(7)
10.6 Presenting the outcomes of your evaluation
367(1)
10.7 Value to `healthcare' analysis
368(6)
10.7.1 Distinct health benefits
368(2)
10.7.2 Length of service/life
370(2)
10.7.3 Having the ability to state clinical benefits
372(2)
10.8 Summary
374(1)
References
375(2)
Chapter 11 Manufacturing supply chain
377(16)
11.1 Introduction
377(1)
11.2 Identifying potential' suppliers
377(6)
11.2.1 Samples
379(1)
11.2.2 Initial audit
379(1)
11.2.3 Contractual arrangements
380(1)
11.2.4 Approved supplier register
381(2)
11.2.5 Suggested procedure for supplier approval
383(1)
11.3 Packaging
383(7)
11.3.1 Sterile packaging
383(3)
11.3.2 Non-sterile packaging
386(1)
11.3.3 Packaging testing
387(2)
11.3.4 Storage considerations
389(1)
11.4 Procurement
390(2)
11.4.1 Supply chain glossary
390(1)
11.4.2 Costing
391(1)
11.4.3 Manufacturing changes
391(1)
11.5 Summary
392(1)
Further reading
392(1)
Chapter 12 Labeling and instructions for use
393(24)
12.1 Introduction
393(1)
12.1.1 The rules
393(1)
12.2 Standard symbols and texts
394(6)
12.2.1 CE 1 mark
394(2)
12.2.2 Non-sterile device
396(1)
12.2.3 Single use item
396(1)
12.2.4 Sterility
396(1)
12.2.5 Use by date
397(1)
12.2.6 Lot number/batch number
397(1)
12.2.7 Catalog number r/part number
398(1)
12.2.8 Consult instructions for use
398(1)
12.2.9 Prescription only
399(1)
12.2.10 Manufacturer details
399(1)
12.2.11 Date of packing/manufacture date
399(1)
12.2.12 EC representative
400(1)
12.3 Labeling
400(6)
12.3.1 Outer packaging labels
401(1)
12.3.2 Patient labels
401(1)
12.3.3 Barcodes
401(4)
12.3.4 Security labels
405(1)
12.3.5 Cross-over of symbols between USA and EC
405(1)
12.3.6 Translation
406(1)
12.3.7 Position of labels
406(1)
12.4 Marking
406(2)
12.4.1 Company identification mark
406(1)
12.4.2 CE mark
406(1)
12.4.3 Part number and lot number
407(1)
12.4.4 Size
407(1)
12.5 IFUs and surgical techniques
408(1)
12.5.1 Instructions for use leaflet
408(1)
12.6 Surgical technique
409(2)
12.6.1 Assembly and disassembly instructions
409(1)
12.6.2 Warnings and contraindications
410(1)
12.6.3 Production of the surgical technique
411(1)
12.6.4 Document control
411(1)
12.7 Declarations
411(2)
12.7.1 Declaration of conformity
411(1)
12.7.2 Declaration of classification
412(1)
12.7.3 Declaration (or certificate) of cleaning and sterilisation
413(1)
12.8 Translation
413(1)
12.9 Software and items with electrical power
414(2)
12.10 Summary
416(1)
References
416(1)
Chapter 13 Post market surveillance
417(16)
13.1 Introduction
417(1)
13.2 PMS and its role in design
418(2)
13.3 Tools
420(7)
13.3.1 Process control chart
420(1)
13.3.2 Reliability --- bath tub curve
421(2)
13.3.3 Weibull plot
423(2)
13.3.4 Kaplan-meyer plots
425(1)
13.3.5 Measles chart
426(1)
13.3.6 Pareto analysis
427(1)
13.4 Using your existing contacts
427(3)
13.4.1 Early adopters and key opinion leaders
428(1)
13.4.2 Focus groups
429(1)
13.4.3 Courses and conferences
429(1)
13.5 Vigilance
430(1)
13.6 The good, the bad, and the ugly
430(1)
13.7 Summary
431(1)
References
431(2)
Chapter 14 Protecting your IP
433(10)
14.1 Introduction
433(1)
14.2 Types of IP protection
434(5)
14.2.1 Patent
434(5)
14.2.2 Registered design (design patent)
439(1)
14.3 Keeping mum
439(2)
14.4 Talking with partners
441(1)
14.5 Summary
441(1)
References
442(1)
Chapter 15 Obtaining regulatory approval to market
443(68)
15.1 Introduction
443(1)
15.2 Class I devices
443(6)
15.2.1 EU application
443(4)
15.2.2 FDA registration
447(2)
15.3 Higher classifications
449(1)
15.4 FDA process
449(6)
15.4.1 Substantial equivalence (SE)
453(1)
15.4.2 Other sections
454(1)
15.4.3 Process
454(1)
15.4.4 Effect on IP
455(1)
15.5 EU process
455(5)
15.5.1 Advice
455(1)
15.5.2 Documentation
456(1)
15.5.3 Technical files (DHF)
457(2)
15.5.4 Standards
459(1)
15.5.5 Stock control
460(1)
15.5.6 Advice
460(1)
15.5.7 The outcome
460(1)
15.6 Getting to market
460(2)
15.6.1 Unique selling points (USP)
461(1)
15.6.2 Key opinion leaders (KOLs)
461(1)
15.6.3 Independent studies
461(1)
15.6.4 Health economics
461(1)
15.6.5 Insurance
462(1)
15.7 Summary
462(1)
References
463(2)
Appendix A Useful websites
465(4)
Appendix B Tables
469(2)
Appendix C ISO 14971 Annex C pre-risk analysis questionnaire
471(16)
Appendix D Generic codes for class I medical devices (MHRA)
487(6)
Appendix E
493(4)
E.1 Basic materials properties for materials selection
493(1)
E.1.1 Density
493(1)
E.1.2 Stress and strain
493(4)
Appendix F Further worked examples of a PDS
497(14)
Index 511
Professor Ogrodnik is a Chartered Mechanical Engineer, a Member of the Institution of Engineering Designers and a Fellow (regional) of the Royal Society of Medicine, an Honorary Consultant at the Royal Stoke University Hospital. For over 20 years he has conducted research into optimising the treatment of tibial fractures. Using this research base he has enhanced the application of engineering design principles to the solution of medical devices, his book Medical Devices Design is a core text in core R&D departments.

He has founded two medical devices companies (one manufactures and sells medical devices to the NHS and beyond) and is named inventor on numerous patents. He was a founding director of the University spinout Intelligent Orthopaedics Ltd, and is a founding partner of Metaphysis LLP. Through this corporate involvement Professor Ogrodnik has an understanding of the realities of applied research for industry; for example he was a member of the AWM Healthcare Technologies cluster opportunity group.