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Medieval Fortifications in Cilicia: The Armenian Contribution to Military Architecture in the Middle Ages [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 268 pages, kõrgus x laius: 289x215 mm, kaal: 1308 g
  • Sari: History of Warfare 128
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Dec-2019
  • Kirjastus: Brill
  • ISBN-10: 9004400087
  • ISBN-13: 9789004400085
Teised raamatud teemal:
Medieval Fortifications in Cilicia: The Armenian Contribution to Military Architecture in the Middle AgesSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 268 pages, kõrgus x laius: 289x215 mm, kaal: 1308 g
  • Sari: History of Warfare 128
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Dec-2019
  • Kirjastus: Brill
  • ISBN-10: 9004400087
  • ISBN-13: 9789004400085
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9789004400085.html
Märksõnad:
In Medieval Fortifications in Cilicia Dweezil Vandekerckhove offers an account of the origins, development and spatial distribution of fortified sites in the Armenian Kingdom (1198-1375). Despite the abundance of archaeological remains, the Armenian heritage had previously not been closely studied. However, through the examination of known and newly identified castles, this work has now increased the number of sites and features associated with the Armenian Kingdom.

By the construction of numerous powerful castles, the Armenians succeeded in establishing an independent kingdom, which lasted until the Mamluk conquest in 1375. Dweezil Vandekerckhove convincingly proves that the medieval castles in Cilicia are of outstanding architectural interest, with a significant place in the history of military architecture.

Arvustused

"Vandekerckhove makes a compelling case for Armenian castle-builders as adaptive and innovative. His model provides an important baseline which can be tested by future research and his chapters include numerous suggestions for what further work needs to be done. In summary, this book represents a milestone for scholarship on castles, military architecture and the medieval eastern Mediterranean, not to mention providing a much-needed critical study of Armenian Cilicia". Alks Pluskowski, in Medieval Archaeology, 65 (1), 2021.

Preface xi
Acknowledgements xiii
Abbreviations xiv
List of Illustartions
xv
1 Sources and Historiography
1(13)
1.1 Historiography: The Discovery of Armenian Cilicia
1(2)
1.2 Sources
3(8)
1.2.1 The Armenian Sources
3(3)
1.2.2 The Syrian Sources
6(1)
1.2.3 The Greek Sources
6(2)
1.2.4 The Latin and Frankish Sources
8(2)
1.2.5 The Arabic Sources
10(1)
1.3 Archaeological Research
11(3)
2 Historical Outline of Cilicia (969-1375)
14(37)
2.1 The Geography of the Armenian Kingdom
14(5)
2.1.1 Cilicia Trachea {or Rough Cilicia)
14(1)
2.1.2 Cilicia Pedias
15(1)
2.1.3 Rubenid and Hefumid Region in the Taurus Mountains
16(1)
2.1.4 Amanus Region
17(2)
2.2 Armenian Settlement (969-1097)
19(8)
2.2.1 From the Caucasus to the Mediterranean Sea
19(2)
2.2.2 The Establishment of Armenian Baronies in the Eastern Mediterranean Coastlands
21(2)
2.2.3 The Origin of the Het'umids and Rubenids in Cilicia
23(4)
2.3 Norman Cilicia (1097-1112)
27(6)
2.3.1 The Arrival of the First Crusade in Cilicia (August-September /097)
27(1)
2.3.2 A Multitude of Rulers: Het'umids, Rubenids, Franks, and Seljuks in the Cilician Plain (September-October iogy)
28(1)
2.3.3 Tancred, Norman Master of Cilicia (logy-iogg)
29(2)
2.3.4 The Second Norman Conquest of Cilicia and the Battle ofHarran (1101-1104)
31(1)
2.3.5 The Expansion of the Principality ofAntioch and the Treaty ofDevol (1106-1112)
32(1)
2.4 Towards an Armenian Kingdom (1112-1198)
33(8)
2.4.1 Komnenian Intervention (1081-1143)
33(3)
2.4.2 The Rise of the Rubenids (1143-1188)
36(2)
2.4.3 From Baron to King
38(3)
2.5 The Armenian Kingdom (1198-1375)
41(10)
2.5.1 Levon and the Role of the Military Orders
41(4)
2.5.2 Het'um I (r. i226-u6g)
45(3)
2.5.3 From the Rise of the Mamluks to the Fall of the Armenian Kingdom (1269-1375)
48(3)
3 Fortifications and Geography
51(36)
3.1 Fortifications in Their Historical Landscape
51(10)
3.1.1 Cilicia: Crossroads between the West and East
51(1)
3.1.2 Settlement Patterns in Byzantine Cilicia (450-650)
51(1)
3.1.3 Cilicia on the Islamic-Byzantinefrontier: The Construction of the Frontier or al-thughur
52(2)
3.1.4 Cilicia on the Islamic-Byzantine Frontier: A Process of Incastetlamento or Kastroktisia
54(1)
3.1.4.1 Byzantine Skirmishing Tactics in the Taurus Region (650-950)
54(1)
3.1.4.2 Process of Incastellamento or Kastroktisia
55(1)
3.1.4.3 Phrouria, Aplekta, Kastra, and Kataphygia
56(2)
3.1.4.4 Arab Occupation of the Cilician Plain and Amanus Mountains (650-950)
58(2)
3.1.4.5 Byzantine Re-conquest and Construction of Fortifications
60(1)
3.2 Strategy and the Spatial Distribution of Fortifications
61(16)
3.2.1 General Principles
61(3)
3.2.2 A Google Earth Analysis
64(1)
3.2.2.1 The Spatial Distribution of Fortifications
64(1)
3.2.2.2 Newly Built Constructions (1075-1350)
65(2)
3.2.2.3 Refortification and Occupation
67(2)
3.2.3 Land Routes, Rivers and Topography as Variables for the Distribution of Fortifications
69(1)
3.2.3.1 Cilicia Trachea
69(2)
3.2.3.2 Het'umid Region
71(1)
3.2.3.3 Cilicia Pedias
72(2)
3.2.3.4 Rubenid Region
74(1)
3.2.3.5 Amanus
75(1)
3.2.4 The Idea of Intervisibility
75(2)
3.3 Towards a More Dyanamic Model
77(10)
3.3.1 Cities
77(1)
3.3.1.1 The Het'umid and Rubenid Barony, Two Spheres of Influence, 1075-1198
78(1)
3.3.1.2 The Armenian Kingdom, Tarsus and Sis (1198-1266)
79(2)
3.3.1.3 Fortifications and the Mamluk Threat (1266-1375)
81(2)
3.3.1.4 The Armenian Kingdom, Zones of Concentration (1198-1375)
83(2)
3.3.1.5 The Role of the Monasteries
85(2)
4 The Form and Functions of the Armenian Fortifications in Cilicia
87(30)
4.1 Byzantine, Arab and Crusader Inheritance
87(9)
4.1.1 The Byzantine Inheritance
87(2)
4.1.2 The Arab Inheritance
89(2)
4.1.3 The Crusader Inheritance
91(1)
4.1.3.1 Principality of Antioch
91(1)
4.1.3.2 Hospitallers
92(3)
4.1.3.3 Teutonic Knights
95(1)
4.1.3.4 Templars
96(1)
4.2 Typology of Surviving Armenian Fortifications
96(9)
4.2.1 Raisons d'etre and Functions
96(1)
4.2.2 A Typology for Medieval Fortifications in Cilicia
97(1)
4.2.2.1 Watch Posts
97(2)
4.2.2.2 Quadrangular Enclosure Castle with Projecting Towers (Forts, Quadriburgia, Castella, or Castra)
99(1)
4.2.2.3 Tower Keeps/Hall Houses
100(2)
4.2.2.4 Keep Tower and Bailey
102(1)
4.2.2.5 Castle without Enclosure
103(1)
4.2.2.6 Enclosure Castle
103(1)
4.2.2.7 Fortress/Citadel
104(1)
4.2.2.8 Sea Castle
104(1)
4.2.3 Conclusion
105(1)
4.3 Rural Settlements with Fortifications
105(12)
4.3.1 Introduction
105(2)
4.3.2 Catalogue of Settlements
107(1)
4.3.2.1 Aladag
107(1)
4.3.2.2 Andil
107(2)
4.3.2.3 Babaoglan
109(1)
4.3.2.4 Cem
110(2)
4.3.2.5 Findikpinar m
4.3.2.6 Oglan (near Kizlar)
112(1)
4.3.2.7 Sinap (near Lampron)
112(3)
4.3.2.8 Vahga
115(1)
4.3.3 Conclusion
115(2)
5 The Characteristics of Armenian Military Architecture
117(22)
5.1 The Influence of Byzantine Military Architecture
117(3)
5.1.1 Siting and Lay-out of Byzantine Fortifications
118(1)
5.1.2 Byzantine Masonry
118(2)
5.1.3 Byzantine Mural Towers
120(1)
5.2 Armenian Military Architecture
120(18)
5.2.1 Armenian Masonry
121(1)
5.2.2 Theoretical Background
121(1)
5.2.3 A Model for Armenian Masonry
122(5)
5.2.4 Gateways
127(3)
5.2.5 Posterns
130(1)
5.2.6 Design of Gateways
131(2)
5.2.7 Other Components of Armenian Fortifications
133(1)
5.2.7.1 Curtain Walls
134(1)
5.2.7.2 Battlements, Hoardings (breteche/brattices), and Slit-Machicolation
135(1)
5.2.7.3 Arrow-Slits
136(1)
5.2.7.4 Round -and D-Shaped Towers
137(1)
5.3 Conclusion
138(1)
6 General Conclusion
139(113)
Appendix 1
141(3)
Appendix 2
144(16)
Appendix 3
160(92)
Bibliography 252(1)
Primary Sources 252(2)
Secondary Sources 254(10)
Index 264
Dweezil Vandekerckhove, Ph.D. (2015), Cardiff University, is currently a policy advisor for the Flemish Liberal Party (Open Vld) on cultural heritage. He has given lectures and appeared on national radio about his archaeological discoveries in Cilicia.