This 4-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change.
This four-volume set of thematically focused and curated primary sources examines meteorology in nineteenth-century society. Knowing the history of meteorology and climatology since their inception as physical sciences in the nineteenth century is fundamental to understanding the causes and historical patterns of the severe weather and climate change that greatly preoccupy today’s society. Thematically focused collections of primary sources support the research and study needs not only of scholars, but also graduate and postgraduate students. To this end, the volumes contextualize and explain the contents of these sources. The collection brings together the most relevant themes in current scholarship: weather forecasting and nation-state building; cyclones, trade, and navigation; meteorology and religion; and weather, climate, and empire.
Volume I. Weather Forecasting and Nation-State Building
Acknowledgements
Series Preface
General Introduction
Introduction to Volume I
Part
1. Synoptic weather science and state interests
1.1 Precursors
1. Elias Loomis, On the Storm Which Was Experienced throughout the United
States about the 20th of December,
1836. Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society, 7 (7), 1841, pp. 125, 128-130, 156-163.
2. Elias Loomis, On two Storms Which Were Experienced throughout the United
States, in the Month of February,
1842. Transactions of the American
Philosophical Society, 9 (2), 1846, pp. 161, 164, 179-184.
1.2 Barometric waves
3. John Frederick William Herschel, Report on the Reduction of
Meteorological Observations, Report of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, Held at Cork in August 1843 (London: John Murray,
1844), pp. 60-61,
97100.
4. John Frederick William Herschel to William Radcliffe Birt, 28 July
1843.
5. William Radcliffe Birt, On the Storm-Paths of the Eastern Portion of the
North American Continent. Philosophical Magazine, 28, 1846, pp.
379382.
6. William Radcliffe Birt, On Certain Atmospheric or Barometric Waves Which
Traversed Europe during November
1842. Philosophical Magazine, 30, 1847, pp.
482493.
1.3 Mapping atmospheric waves
7. Adolphe Quetelet, Sur le climat de la Belgique. Quatrième partie.
Pressions et ondes atmosphériques (Bruxelles : M. Hayez, 1851), pp. 73, 75,
91-92
1.4 Embracing waves for state interests
8. Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier, Note sur le développement des études
météorologiques en France, CR, 40, 1855, 620626
9. Urbain Jean Joseph Le Verrier,
1855. M. Le Verrier présente un travail
fait à lObservatoire impérial, par M. Liais, sur la tempête de la mer Noire,
en novembre 1854, CR, 41, 1855, pp.
11971204.
1.5 A new method
10. Angelo Secchi, Di alcuni risultati ottenuti dalla corrispondenza
meteorologica telegrafica, e dal barometrografo a bilancia, Atti Accademia
Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei, 11, 1858, pp. 389390
11. Angelo Secchi, Alcune ricerche meteorologiche sulle tempeste occorse nel
185960, Atti Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei, 13, 1860, 231237,
249.
Part
2. Conflict: The Eulerian vs. Lagrangian approach
2.1 Synoptic method
12. Angelo Secchi, Distribuzione della pressione atmosferica sull Europa
durante il gennajo e il febrajo del corrente anno 1862, Bulletino
Meteorologico dellOsservatorio del Collegio Romano, 1(3), 1862, pp. 1920,
24.
2.2 Eulerian approach
13. Edme Hippolyte Marié-Davy, Sur les tempêtes de léquinoxe, CR, 57,
1863, pp.
640644.
14. Edme Hippolyte Marié-Davy, Météorologie. Les mouvements de l'atmosphère
et des mers considérés au point de vue de la prévision du temps (Paris:
Victor Masson et Fils, 1866), pp. 416-417, 434-436, 463-465
2.3 Lagrangian approach
15. Robert FitzRoy, Notes on Meteorology (London: Board of Trade, 1859), pp.
1, 11-12, 13-22, 23-25, 34-35
16. Robert FitzRoy, The Weather Book: A Manual of Practical Meteorology
(London: Longman and Green, 1863), pp. 102-105
17. George Jinman, Winds and Their Courses; or a Practical Exposition of the
Laws Which Govern the Movements of Hurricanes and Gales. With an Examination
of the Circular Theory of Storms, as Propounded by Redfield, Sir William
Reid, Piddington, and Others (London: George Philip and Son, 1861), pp. 1-9,
92-96
2.4 Semi-Lagrangian
18. Francis Galton, Meteorographica, or, Methods of Mapping the Weather:
Illustrated by Upwards of 600 Printed and Lithographed Diagrams Referring to
the Weather of a Large Part of Europe, During the Month of December 1861,
(Cambridge: Macmillan, 1863), pp. 3-6
19. Francis Galton, Recent Weather, The Reader, 2 (19 December, 1863), p.
730.
20. Francis Galton, A Development of the Theory of Cyclones, Proceedings of
the Royal Society of London, 12, 1863, pp.
385386.
Part
3. Statistics and the hegemony of the Eulerian approach
3.1 Dutch statistical method
21. Christoph Hendrik Diederik Buys Ballot, On the Great Importance of
Deviations from the Mean State of the Atmosphere for the Science of
Meteorology, London, Edinburgh and Dublin Philosophical Magazine, 37 (247),
1850, pp.
4249.
22. F.H. Klein, The Foretelling of the Weather in Connection with
Meteorological Observations, (London, 1863), pp. 5-6, 20-23.
3.2 Scottish analytical method
23. James Stark, On the Fallacy of the Present Mode of Estimating the Mean
Temperature in England. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 4,
1862, pp.
264265.
24. Alexander Buchan, Examination of the Storms of Wind which Occurred in
Europe during October, November and December, 1863, Transactions of the
Royal Society of Edinburgh, 24, 1865, pp. 191-194, 196-198, 200-203.
25. Alexander Buchan, A Handy Book of Meteorology (Edinburgh and London:
William Blackwood and Sons, 1867; 2nd ed. in 1868), pp. 9-14, 339-348,
350-355
3.3 International standardization
26. Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, Geh. Regierungsrath H. W. Dove to Director C.
Bruhns, Leipzig, in Report of the Proceedings of the Meteorological
Conference at Leipzig. Protocols and Appendices (London: Georges E. Eyre and
William Spottiswoode, 1873), pp.
4546.
27. Robert H. Scott, Meteorological Conference at Leipzig during August
1872, Nature, 28 August 1873, 341343
28. Thomas Stevenson, On Ascertaining the Intensity of Storms by the
Calculation of Barometric Gradients, Journal of the Scottish Meteorological
Society, 2, 1869, 132-136.
29. Report Weather Telegraphy and Storm Warnings, Presented to the
Meteorological Congress at Vienna, by a Committee Appointed at the Leipzig
Conference (London: Her Majestys Stationery Office, 1874), pp. 7-18.
3.4 Eulerian epitome
30. Ralph Abercromby, Is Meteorology a Science?, Nature, 15, 1877, p.
510.
31. Ralph Abercromby, Weather Prognostics and Weather Types. Nature, 28,
1883, pp.
33034.
32. Ralph Abercromby, Principles of Forecasting by Means of Weather Charts
(London: Printed for H.M. Stationery Off., 1885), pp. 1-3, 69-81, 99-100
Part
4. State and the primacy of public service
4.1 Galtons report
33. Report of a Committee Appointed to Consider Certain Questions Relating
to the Meteorological Department of the Board of Trade [ Galton Report], 1866
(3646), LXV, pp. 37-41
4.2 Daily weather charts
34. Robert H. Scott, Weather Charts in Newspapers, Journal of the Society
of Arts, 23, 1875,
776782.
35. Robert H. Scott, The Publication of Daily Weather Maps and Bulletins,
in Oliver L. Fassig (ed.), Report of the International Meteorological
Congress Held at Chicago, Ill., August 2124, 1893 (Washington D.C.: Weather
Bureau, 1894), pp. 69
36. The Times Weather Chart, Nature, 15 April 1875, 11, 473474
4.3 Public service
37. Frederic Gaster, Weather Forecasts and Storm Warnings: How They Are
Prepared and Disseminated, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological
Society, 22, 1896, pp. 212228
38. H.H.C. Dunwoody, Functions of State Weather Services, in Oliver L.
Fassig (ed.), Report of the International Meteorological Congress Held at
Chicago, Ill., August 2124, 1893 (Washington D.C.: Weather Bureau, 1894),
pp. 913
Part
5. Weather cartography
5.1 Diagnostic
39. Heinrich Wilhelm Brandes, Beiträge zur Witterungskunde (Leipzig: Johann
Ambrosius Barth, 1820) pp. 26, 69, 73, 213, 270
40. Alexander von Humboldt, Of Isothermal Lines, and the Distribution of
Heat over the Globe, Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry,
Mineralogy, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture, and the Arts 11:63/3,
1818, pp. 177181
41. Alexandre von Humboldt, Sur les lignes isothermes, Annales de chimie et
de physique, 5, 1817
5.2 FitzRoys charts
42. Robert FitzRoy, Wind Charts of the Atlantic, Compiled from Maurys Pilot
Charts, Report of the Twenty-Fifth Meeting of the British Association for
the Advancement of Science Held at Glasgow in September 1855 (London: John
Murray, 1856), vol. 2, pp. 3940
43. Robert FitzRoy, The Weather Book: A Manual of Practical Meteorology
(London: Longman and Green, 1863), pp. 413-418
5.3 Meteorographica
44. Francis Galton, Meteorographica, or, Methods of Mapping the Weather:
Illustrated by Upwards of 600 Printed and Lithographed Diagrams Referring to
the Weather of a Large Part of Europe, During the Month of December 1861
(Cambridge: Macmillan, 1863).
5.4 Standardizing
45. Report of the Proceedings of the Meteorological Congress at Vienna.
Protocols and Appendices (London: G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode for H.M.
Stationery Off., 1874), translated from the official reportreproduced in
The Meteorological Congress at Vienna, Nature, May 7, 1874,
1718.
46. Hugo von Schoder, Appendix
1. to the Protocol of the Fourth Meeting,
Report of the Proceedings of the Meteorological Congress at Vienna. Protocols
and Appendices (London: G.E. Eyre and W. Spottiswoode for H.M. Stationery
Office, 1874), pp.
4849.
47. Mark Harrington, History of the Weather Map, in Oliver L. Fassig (ed.),
Report of the International Meteorological Congress, Chicago, Ill., August
2124, 1893 (Washington D.C.: Weather Bureau, Part 2, 1895), pp.
327335.
5.5 Global synoptic charts
48. Alexander Buchan, On the Storms Which Passed over the United States
between the 13th and 22nd March 1859, with Remarks on Storms which Occurred
at the Same Time in the North Atlantic, Europe and Western Asia, Journal of
the Scottish Meteorological Society, 2, 1869, 198201, 212-213
49. Alexander Buchan,
1869. The Mean Pressure of the Atmosphere and the
Prevailing Winds of the Globe for the Months and for the Year, Proceedings
of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 6, 1869, 30307, Part II, Transactions of
the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 25, 1869, 575577, 579, 581-583, 589-590,
592.
References
Index
Volume II: Cyclones, Trade, Navigation and Society
Acknowledgments
Series Preface
General Introduction
Introduction to Volume II
Part
1. Early storm theories
1.1 Opposing current theory
1. Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, On the Influence of the Rotation of the Earth on
the Currents of its Atmosphere; Being Outlines of a General Theory of the
Winds, The London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine and Journal of
Science, 11, 1837, pp. 22731, 353354, 360-363
2. Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, Introduction, in The Law of Storms. [ London: G.E.
Eyre & W. Spottiswoode, 1858]. Second edition, entirely revised and
considerably enlarged, by R.H. Scott in 1862, The Law of Storms Considered in
Connection with the Ordinary Movements of the Atmosphere
1.2 Whirlwind theory
3. William Charles Redfield, Remarks on the Prevailing Storms of the
Atlantic Coast of the North American States, American Journal of Science,
20, 1831, pp. 17-23, 27-30, 44-51
4. William Charles Redfield, Observations on the Storm of December 15,
1839, Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 8, 1843, pp.
7780
1.3 Convective theory
5. James Pollard Espy, Essays on Meteorology. No
1. Theory of Hail, Journal
of the Franklin Institute, 17, 1836, pp. 240246
6. James Pollard Espy, Essays on Meteorology. No III. Examination of
Huttons Redfields and Olmsteads Theories, Journal of the Franklin
Institute, 18, 1836, 100108
7. James Pollard Espy, The Philosophy of Storms (Boston, MA: Charles C.
Little and James Brown, 1841), pp. v, viii-xxviii
1.4 Coriolis effect
8. William Ferrel, The Influence of the Earth's Rotation Upon the Relative
Motion of Bodies Near Its Surface, Astronomical Journal, 5, 1858, pp.
97-100
Part
2. Ships logbooks and storm study
2.1 Wind and weather scale
9. James Capper, Observations on the Winds and Monsoons; Illustrated with a
Chart, and Accompanied with Notes, Geographical and Meteorological (London:
Printed by C. Whittingham, 1801), pp. ix-xxviii
10. Francis Beauforts wind and weather scale in the logbook of HMS Woolwich
facing the page dated 13th January
1806.
2.2 Law of storms and British shipping
11. William Reid, An Attempt to Develop the Law of Storms by Means of Facts,
Arranged According to Time and Place, and Hence to Point Out a Cause for the
Variable Winds, with the View to Practical Use in Navigation. London: John
Weale, 1838), pp. 1-4, 368-380
12. Henry Piddington, The Sailors Horn-Book for the Law of Storms, being a
Practical Exposition of the Theory of the Law of Storms, and its Uses to
Mariners of All Classes in All Parts of the World, Shewn by Transparent Storm
Cards and Useful Lessons (London: Smith, Elder & Co., 1848), pp. 1-21, 64-70,
85-88
13. Alexander Thom, An Inquiry into the Nature and Course of Storms in the
Indian Ocean, South of the Equator with a view of discovering their origin,
extent, rotatory character, rate and direction of progression, barometric
depression ... for the practical purpose of enabling ships to ascertain the
proximity and relative position of hurricanes ... (London: Smith, Elder &
Co., 1845), pp. iii-viii, 216-21, 230
14. British Admiralty, Admiralty Instructions for the Government of Her
Majestys Naval Services (London: Stationery Office, 1844), pp. 172-173
2.3 Sailing directions
15. Matthew Fontaine Maury, Explanations and Sailing Directions to Accompany
the Winds and Currents Charts (Washington, DC: C. Alexander, 1851), pp. 3-14,
54-60, 88-96
2.4 Rules
16. Charles Meldrum, On the Weather and Hurricanes in the Indian Ocean from
the 18th to the 29th of February, 1860, Proceedings of the Meteorological
Society of Mauritius (1861) 5, 1861, pp. 122123, 156-158
17. Charles Meldrum, Notes on the form of Cyclones in the Southern Indian
Ocean, and on some of the rules given for avoiding their centres. By C.
Meldrum ... Reprinted from the Monthly Notices of the Meteorological Society
of Mauritius. [ With a plate.] (London: Stationery Office, 1873), pp. 21-24
18. Ralph Abercromby, On Meldrums Rules for Handling Ships in the Southern
Indian Ocean, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 44, 1888, pp.
314317
2.5 Eastern seas
19. William Doberck, The Law of Storms in the Eastern Seas (Hong Kong: Hong
Kong Telegraph, 1886)
Part
3. Storm forecasts and storm warnings
3.1 Forecasts and warnings
20. Robert FitzRoy,
1861. On British Storms, in Report of the Thirtieth
Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science: Held at
Oxford in June and July 1860 (London: John Murray, 1861), pp. 39-44.
21. Christoph Hendrik Diederik Buys Ballot, On Storm Warnings, Proceedings
of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester, 6, 1867, pp.
8384.
22. John Frederick William Herschel, On Barometric Waves, February 5th
1867, Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester,
6, 1867,
9193.
23. Joseph Baxendell, On the Recent Suspension, by the Board of Trade, of
Cautionary Storm Warnings, Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical
Society of Manchester, 6, 1867, pp. 4147
3.2 Galton Report
24. Report of a Committee Appointed to Consider Certain Questions Relating to
the Meteorological Department of the Board of Trade [ the Galton Report]
(London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1866), pp. 3-29, 31-38
Part
4. Popular meteorology
4.1 Astrometeorology
25. Patrick Murphy, Meteorology Considered in Its Connexion with Astronomy,
Climate and Geographical Distribution of Animals and Plants Equally with the
Seasons and Changes of the Weather (London: Printed for J.R. Bailliere & Co.,
1836), pp. 32-37
26. Alfred J. Pearce, The Weather Guide Book. A Concise Exposition of
Astronomic-Meteorology (London: Simpkin, Marshall & Co., 1864), pp. 134-138
27. S.M. Saxby, Saxbys Weather System or Lunar Influence on Weather (London:
Longman, Green, Longman, Roberts & Green. 2nd ed., 1864), pp. 1-8, 100-106
4.2 Almanacs
28. Dr. Simmonite's meteorologist, and daily account of the weather:
predictions of epidemic diseases, the world's fate this year, and a complete
almanack for 1853: containing also, an astronomical aspectarian, excellent
guides for farmers, gardeners, astronomers, and botanic practitioners
(London: G. Thorper Printer), pp. 5-9
4.3 Weather Prophecies
29. John Frederick William Herschel,
1864. The Weather and Weather
Prophets, in Good Words, 5, 1864, pp.
5764. Reprinted in John F.W.
Herschel, Familiar Lectures on Scientific Subjects (New York, London: G.
Routledge & sons; Strahan & co, 1871), pp. 142-157
4.4 Weather watchers
30. George Mackenzie, The System of the Weather of the British Islands;
Discovered in 1816 and 1817 from a Journal Commencing November 1802
(Edinburgh: William Aitken, 1818), pp. ix-xiii, 3-7
31. Thomas Ignatius Maria Forster, Researches about Atmospheric Phaenomena
(London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy, 1815), pp. 165-176
32. George Augustus Rowell, An Essay on the Cause of Rain and its Allied
Phenomena (Oxford: [ published and sold by the author], 1859), pp. 1-13,
53-55
4.5 Amateur societies
33. George J. Symons, History of the English Meteorological Societies,
Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, 7, 1881, pp.
6595.
References
Index
Volume III: Meteorology and Religion
Acknowledgments
Series Preface
General Introduction
Introduction to Volume III
Part
1. The Jesuits and cyclone prediction
1.1 Secchi Meteorograph
1. Angelo Secchi, Descrizione di un meteorografo, ossia registratore
meteorologico universale allOsservatorio, in Memorie dellOsservatorio del
Collegio Romano, 185759 (Roma: Tip. Delle Belle Arti, 1859), pp. 1, 8
1.2 Typhoons
2. Federico Faura,
1882. Señales precursoras de temporal en el Archipiélago
Filipino (Manila: El Comercio), reproduced and translated into English as
Signs preceding typhoons in the Philippine Islands, in Elihu Root,
Authority of P. Faura. Practical Instructions for the Certain Use of This
Sign, pp. 305-307
3. José Algué, The Cyclones of the Far East (Manila: Bureau of Public
Printing, 2nd rev. ed., 1904), pp. 11-22, 24-30, 35-39, 41-43, 46, 49-50,
89-91, 97-102, 114-116, 123-124, 130, 140-146, 237-238, 243-246
4. Louis Froc, Typhoon Highways in the Far East (Zi-ka-wei: Catholic Mission
Press, Tou-sè-wè Orphan Asylum; Shanghai, Kelly & Walsh, 1896), pp. 1-6,
11-14, 28-32, 33-40
1.3 Hurricanes
5. Benito Viñes, Apuntes relativos a los huracanes de Las Antillas en
septiembre y octubre de 1875 y 76 (Habana: El Iris, 1877), trans. Georges L.
Dyer, Practical Hints in Regard to West Indian Hurricanes (Washington, D.C.:
US Hydrographic Office, 1885), pp. 5-15
Part
2. Correlation and prediction
2.1 Unity of forces
6. Angelo Secchi, Lunità delle forze fisiche saggio di filosofia naturale
(Roma: Tipografia Forense, 1864), pp. iii-vii, 1-
2.2 Clouds
7. Benito Viñes, Investigaciones relativas a la circulación y traslación
ciclónica de los huracanes (Habana: Imprenta del Avisador Comercial, 1895),
trans. Carlos Finlay.
1898. Investigation of the Cyclonic Circulation and the
Translatory Movement of West Indian Hurricanes (Washington, D.C.: Weather
Bureau, 1898).
8. Marc Dechevrens, Mouvements des couches élevées de l'atmosphère a
Zi-Ka-Wei, déterminés par la direction des cirri (Zi-ka-wei: Catholic Mission
Press, 1885), pp. 1-2, 5-6, 15
9. William Clement Ley, Clouds and Weather Signs, Modern Meteorology, 1879,
pp. 102-136.
10. William Clement Ley, Cloudland: A Study on the Structure and Characters
of Clouds (London: Stanford, 1894), pp. vii-ix, 21-32, 201-205
2.3 Earthquakes and the weather
11. Enrique Cappelletti, Opinion on the improbability of the earthquake
announced in Mexico for the 10th of August (Puebla de los Ángeles: Imprenta
del Colegio P. de Artes, 1887), pp. 3-9, 11-13
12. José Algué, Microseismic Movements as an Indirect Precursory Sign of a
Cyclone, in The Cyclones of the Far East (Manila: Bureau of Public Printing,
2nd rev. ed., 1904), pp. 184-187
Part
3. Clergymen, Quakers and observations
3.1 Royal Meteorological Society
13. Joseph Bancroft Reade, Observations and Experiments on the Solar Rays
that Occasion Heat, Proceedings of the Royal Society, 3, 1830, p. 457
[ Communicated by John George Children]
14. Charles Lowndes, An Account of the Hartwell Rectory Observatory,
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 14, 1854, pp. 161-163.
15. Leonard Blomefield,
1858. Observations in meteorology: relating to
temperature, the winds, atmospheric pressure, the aqueous phenomena of the
atmosphere, weather-changes, etc : being chiefly the results of a
meteorological journal kept for nineteen years at Swaffham Bullbeck, in
Cambridgeshire, and serving as a guide to the climate of that part of
England. London: John Van Voorst, 1858), pp. 324-357
3.2 Quakers
16. Luke Howard, On the Modifications of Clouds (London: J. Taylor, 1804),
pp. 3-14
17. John Fletcher Miller, On the Meteorology of the Lake District of
Cumberland and Westmoreland [ Abstract], Abstracts of the Papers Communicated
to the Royal Society of London,5, 757, 1843-1850, pp. 816-817
3.3 Observatories
18. Stephen J. Perry,
1880. L'Observatoire de Stonyhurst, Annales de la
Société Scientifique de Bruxelles 4, 147, pp. 281-285, 287
19. Thomas Romney Robinson, Description of an Improved Anemometer for
Registering the Direction of the Wind, and the Space Which It Traverses in
Given Intervals of Time, The Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy, 22,
1849, pp. 155-160, 166-167
3.4 Cyclone model
20. William Clement Ley, The Relation Between the Upper and Under Currents
of the Atmosphere Around Areas of Barometric Depressions, Quarterly Journal
of the Royal Meteorological Society, 3, 1877, pp. 437-445
21. Marc Dechevrens, On Vertical Currents in Cyclones, American
Meteorological Journal, 1886, 3, 4, 170-174, 176-179, 182-184.
Part
4. Weather Prognostics, Faith and Empiria
4.1 Natural Theology
22. William Whewell, Astronomy and General Physics Considered with Reference
to Natural Theology (London: W. Pickering, 1833), pp. v-vii, 1-14, 54-62
4.2 Popular weather prognostics
23. Charles Clouston, An Explanation of the Popular Weather Prognostics of
Scotland on Scientific Principles (Edinburgh: privately printed, 1867), pp.
8-30
4.3 Scripture
24. Alexander MacLeod, Scripture, Meteorology, and Modern Science (Glasgow:
George Baillie, 1867), pp. 3-6, 235-244
4.4 Meteorological Spectroscopy
25. Charles Piazzi Smyth, Spectroscopic prévision of Rain with a High
Barometer, Nature, 12, 299, 1875, pp.
231232.
26. Charles Piazzi Smyth, Meteorological Spectroscopy in the Small and
Rough, Astronomical Observations made at the Royal Observatory, Edinburgh,
14, 1870-1877, pp.
2934.
27. Charles Piazzi Smyth (1819-1900), Cloud Forms at Clova, Ripon,
1892-1895
References
Index
Volume IV: Weather, Climate and Empire
Acknowledgments
Series Preface
General Introduction
Introduction to Volume IV
Part
1. The Army, the Navy and Imperial Network
1.1 Imperial network
1. John Daniell, Meteorological Essays (London: Thomas & George Underwood,
1823), pp. ix-xix, 263-266
2. James D. Forbes, Report upon the Recent Progress and Present State of
Meteorology, in Report of the First and Second Meeting of the British
Association for the Advancement of Science, 1831 and 1832; at York in 1831,
and at Oxford in 1832: Including Its Proceedings, Recommendations and
Transactions (London: John Murray, 1833), pp. 196200, 205
3. John Frederick William Herschel, Instructions for Making and Registering
Meteorological Observations in Southern Africa and other Countries in the
South Seas, as also at Sea (London: Bradbury and Evans, 1835), pp. 1-17
1.2 The Army
4. William Reid, The Progress of the Development of the Law of Storms and of
the Variable Winds, with the Practical Application of the Subject to
Navigation (London: John Weale, 1849), pp. 1-17, 24-31, 411-422
5. Capt. Henry James, Instructions for Taking Meteorological Observations at
the Principal Foreign Stations of the Royal Engineers (London: J. Weale,
1851), pp. 1-3, 14-16
6. Henry James, Abstracts from the Meteorological Observations Taken at the
Stations of the Royal Engineers in the year 1853-54 (London: George Edward
Eyre and William Spottiswoode, 1855), pp. 1-6, 107-110
7. Meteorological Observations at the Foreign and Colonial Stations of the
Royal Engineers and the Army Medical Department 1852-1886 (London: H.M.S.O.,
1890), pp. i-xiii
1.3 The Admiralty
8. John Frederick William Herschel, Meteorology, in John Frederick William
Herschel (ed.), A Manual of Scientific Enquiry; Prepared for the Use of
Officers in Her Majestys Navy; and Travellers in General. London: John
Murray, 1849), pp. iii-iv, 268-273, 303-311
9. Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty, Remarks on Revolving Storms (London:
HMSO, 1851), pp. 3-7, 10-15
10. W. Snow Harris, Remarkable Instances of the Protection of Certain Ships
of Her Majestys Navy from the Destructive Effects of Lightning (London:
Richard Clay, 1847), pp. 3-8
Part
2. Climate and climatologies
2.1 Climate definition
11. Alexander von Humboldt, Cosmos: A Survey of the General Physical History
of the Universe (New York: Harper & Bros, 1845), pp. 96-100
2.2 Isotherm and mean temperature
12. David Brewster, Observations of the Mean Temperature of the Globe,
Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 9, 1821, pp. 201-204,
220-225
2.3 Statistical tools
13. Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, Erläuterungen zu den Monatsisothermen (Berlin:
Reimer Akademische Buchdruckerei, 1849), pp. 1-3
14. Adolphe Quetelet, Letters Addressed to the Grand Duke of Saxe Coburg and
Gotha on the Theory of Probability as Applied to the Moral and Political
Sciences¸ trans. by O. G. Downes (London: Charles and Edwin Layton, 1849
[ 1846]), pp. 48-57
2.4 Urban climatology
15. Luke Howard, The Climate of London, Deduced from Meteorological
Observations, Made at Different Places in the Neighbourhood of the Metropolis
2 vols. (London: W. Phillips. Rev. ed., 1833), pp. 1-2, 8-11, 147
2.5 Descriptive climatology
16. Lorin Blodget, Climatology of the United States and of the Temperate
Latitudes of the North American Continent (Philadelphia, 1857), pp. 17-28
2.6 Global climatology
17. James Henry Coffin (with contrib. by Selden Jennings Coffin and Alexander
Woeikof), The Winds of the Globe or the Laws of Atmospheric Circulation over
the Surface of the Earth (Washington [ D.C.]: Smithsonian Institution, 1876),
Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, vol. 20, No. 268, pp. 5, 7-11
18. Julius Hann,
1903. Handbook of Climatology (New York: The Macmillan Co.,
1903), pp. 1-5, 128-129
19. Léon Teisserenc de Bort, Nouvelles cartes disothermes et disobares
moyennes à la surface du globe, en janvier, mars, juillet, octobre, Annales
du Bureau Central Météorologique de France, 4, 1-62, 1881, pp. 1-9
20. Bartholomew's Physical Atlas. Volume
3. Atlas of Meteorology. Volume
5.
Atlas of Zoogeography (London: A. Constable & Company, 1899), preface,
followed by 12 maps
Part
3. Colonial Meteorology and Climatology
3.1 Australia
21. R.L.J. Ellery, The Present State of Meteorology, Transactions and
Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria, 14, 1877, pp.
1019.
22. H.C. Russell, Meteorological Periodicity, Journal and Proceedings of
the Royal Society of New South Wales, 10, 1876, pp. 151160, 166-167
23. Charles Todd, Droughts in Australia: Their Causes, Duration, and Effect:
The Views of Three Government Astronomers [ R.L.J. Ellery, H.C. Russell, C.
Todd], The Australasian (Melbourne, Victoria), December 29, 1888,
14551456.
24. Charles Egeson, Egesons Weather System of Sun-spot Causality, Being
Original Researches in Solar and Terrestrial Meteorology (Sydney: Turner &
Henderson, 1889), pp. vii-ix, 11-12, 61-63
3.2 Hong Kong
25. William Doberck, Instructions for Making Meteorological Observations
Prepared for the Use in China and the Law of Storms in the Eastern Seas
(Shanghai: Published by the order of the Inspector General of Customs,
Published at The Statistical Department of the Inspector General of Customs,
1887), pp. 1, 3-14
3.3 India
26. Henry Piddington, A letter to the most noble James Andrew, Marquis of
Dalhousie, Governor General of India, on the storm wave of the cyclones in
the Bay of Bengal and their effects in the Sunderbunds (Calcutta: Baptist
Mission Press, 1853), pp. 8-9, 14-16, 20
27. Henry Francis Blanford, On the Connexion of the Himalaya Snowfall with
Dry Winds and Seasons of Drought in India, Proceedings of the Royal Society
of London, 37, 232234, 1884, pp. 3-4, 20-22
28. Henry Francis Blanford, A Practical Guide to the Climates and Weather of
India, Ceylon and Burmah and the Storms of Indian Seas (London: MacMillan and
Co., 1889), pp. vii-x, 358-364
3.4 Mauritius
29. Charles Meldrum, On Synoptic Charts of the Indian Ocean, Symonss
Monthly Meteorological Magazine, 3, 1868, pp. 143146
30. Charles Meldrum, On a Periodicity of Rainfall in Connexion with the
Sun-Spot Periodicity, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 21 (31
December 1873), pp. 297-301
31. Cyclonic Tracks in the South Indian Ocean From Information Compiled by
Dr. Meldrum (London: Printed for H.M.S.O. by Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1891).
3.5 Singapore
32. Charles Morgan Elliot, Meteorological Observations made at The Honorable
East India Companys Magnetical Observatory at Singapore, 18415 (Madras:
printed at the American Mission and Male Asylum Presses, 1851), pp. xi-xii,
1-10, 110
References
Index
Aitor Anduaga is a scholar of nineteenth- and twentieth-century science, who has specialized in the history of social, ideological and cultural dimensions of meteorology and geophysical sciences in general.
