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Methods for Computer Design of Diffractive Optical Elements [Kõva köide]

  • Formaat: Hardback, 784 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 258x183x42 mm, kaal: 1529 g
  • Sari: Wiley Series in Lasers and Applications
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Feb-2002
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Interscience
  • ISBN-10: 0471095338
  • ISBN-13: 9780471095330
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: Hardback, 784 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 258x183x42 mm, kaal: 1529 g
  • Sari: Wiley Series in Lasers and Applications
  • Ilmumisaeg: 04-Feb-2002
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Interscience
  • ISBN-10: 0471095338
  • ISBN-13: 9780471095330
Teised raamatud teemal:
The advent of advances in computers has led to the fabrication of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for use in a variety of uses, for example to focus laser light and to select laser light modes called modans . Written by the employees of the Samara Image Processing Systems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, this text introduces methods of DOE fabrication. After a chapter explaining the basics of the subject, the other chapters were structured that they can be read in any order. Chapters cover iterative methods for designing DOEs, design using electromagnetic theory, technology of DOE fabrication, DOE for focusing laser light, light beams with periodic properties, wave front correction, DOE-based lighting devices, and optical data processing using DOEs. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

The first inclusive book on the cutting-edge field of modern optics and its applications
For the first time, all the major aspects of designing planar DOEs are covered in one book, comprised of original methods developed by experts at the Russian Academy of Sciences' Image Processing Systems Institute. The breadth of Methods for Computer Design of Diffractive Optical Elements covers DOE production, beginning from the design techniques and the software, to the fabrication technology, experimental studies, and testing of DOEs, including all major DOE application fields and DOE types. The contributors also detail the three key approaches to designing phase DOEs: a geometric optics (ray-tracing) method, the scalar diffraction (Kirchhoff) method, and the rigorous design based on electromagnetic theory. Methods for Computer Design of Diffractive Optical Elements is an estimable reference for experts in the aerospace industry, research and development institutes, the automobile industry, as well as students and university professors.

Arvustused

"...introduces methods of DOE fabrication." (SciTech Book News, Vol. 26, No. 2, June 2002) "...a wonderful text...strongly recommended..." (Materials & Manufacturing Processes, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2002)

"...a good and deep introduction into this growing field..." (Optik, 2003)

Preface Introduction to Diffractive Optics 1(54) Soifer V.A. Functional capabilities of zoned diffractive optical elements 1(6) Zone fringes and phase functions of optical elements 7(9) Reduction of phase functions to the interval 7(1) Planar spherical lens 8(3) Planar cylindrical lens 11(1) Reflection zone plate 11(2) Planar prism 13(1) Combined and segmentized DOEs 14(2) Implementation of DOEs using digital holography methods 16(11) Fourier and Fresnel holograms 16(2) Amplitude holograms 18(2) Phase holograms 20(3) Combined holograms 23(1) Iterative approach to the design of holograms 23(4) Ray-tracing approach to the DOE design 27(9) Designing a DOE using ray-tracing optics 27(2) Deducing an inclinations equation for the design of DOEs 29(2) Designing a focusing DOE using geometric optics 31(3) Geometric-optical design of wave front compensators 34(2) Sampling and quantization of phase in diffractive optics 36(12) Model of sampling and quantizing the phase in the process of DOE fabrication 36(2) Estimating the error in sampling and quantizing the phase in a DOE plane 38(5) Influence of phase sampling and quantization on DOE characteristics 43(5) Computer-aided design of DOEs 48(7) Different approaches to the microrelief generation 50(1) Conducting real experiments in diffractive optics 50(1) References 51(4) Iterative methods for designing DOEs 55(104) Doskolovich L.L. Kotlyar V.V. Soifer V.A. Introduction 55(1) Error-reduction algorithm 56(3) Input-output algorithm 59(1) Adaptive-additive algorithm 60(8) Adaptive-multiplicative algorithm 68(4) Adaptive-regularization algorithm 72(4) A gradient algorithm for computing a DOE phase 76(3) Application of iterative algorithms for designing DOEs 79(80) Design of DOEs focusing into radially symmetric domains of Fourier spectrum 80(3) Design of diffractive axicons generating axial light segments 83(5) Designing radially symmetric DOEs with quantized phase 88(3) Multiorder binary-phase diffraction gratings 91(7) Multilevel phase diffraction gratings 98(8) Phase DOEs focusing into a spatial domain and onto the surface of a body of revolution 106(11) Focusing the Gaussian beam into a square 117(8) Focusing into a ring 125(6) Composite DOEs generating contour images 131(5) Quantized DOEs focusing onto a desired 2D domain 136(13) Quantized DOEs for generating amplitude-phase distributions 149(4) References 153(6) Design of DOE using electromagnetic theory 159(108) Doskolovich L.L. Golovashkin D.L. Kharitonov S.I. Pavelyev V.S. Diffraction by reflection gratings with stepwise profile 160(8) TE-polarization 162(3) TM-polarization 165(3) Diffraction by continuous-profile reflection gratings 168(9) Rayleigh approximation 174(3) Diffraction by transmission dielectric gratings 177(20) TM-polarization 178(9) TE-polarization 187(10) Gradient techniques for solving the inverse problem of designing diffraction gratings 197(18) Designing reflection gratings with a stepwise profile 197(3) Designing dielectric binary gratings 200(11) Designing continuous-profile reflection gratings using the Rayleigh approximation 211(4) Diffraction by 2D reflection structures 215(18) Light diffraction by a curvilinear zone 215(7) Diffraction by a 2D reflection binary grating 222(2) Diffraction by 2D transmission dielectric structures 224(9) Gradient technique for synthesizing DOEs 233(2) Asymptotic analysis of diffraction by zoned structures 235(12) Solving the problem of diffraction by 1D DOEs using the scalar approximation 235(7) Solving the problem of diffraction by 1D DOEs using the electromagnetic approach 242(5) Modeling the electromagnetic radiation propagation using a method of finite differences 247(11) Analysis of electromagnetic impulse traveling through an antireflecting structure 258(9) Conclusion 263(1) References 264(3) Technology of DOE fabrication 267(80) Golovashkin D.L. Kazanskiy N.L. Pavelyev V.S. Soifer V.A. Solovyev V.S. Usplenyev G.V. Volkov A.V. Types of phase microreliefs and techniques for their fabrication 267(4) Fabricating DOEs using photolithography 271(19) Photomask fabrication 272(7) Exposure and development of photoresist films 279(2) Technology of DOE microrelief fabrication 281(9) DOE fabrication using e-beam lithography 290(7) Generation of pattern topology 293(1) DOE fabrication at the Institute of Applied Physics of Friedrich Schiller University (Jena, Germany) 294(3) Generation of a continuous microrelief 297(10) Techniques for generating a continuous microrelief 297(2) Mechanism of LPPC-based relief generation 299(3) Determination of an optimal optical density of photomask in the course of LPPC-based relief generation 302(2) Fabrication of test samples of visible-range optical elements 304(3) Etching technology 307(3) Use of the plasma-etching technology in the microrelief fabrication 308(2) Generation of diffractive microrelief by laser-aided structuring of diamond films 310(13) Replication of the DOE microrelief 323(2) Automation of experimental studies and technological tests of DOEs 325(7) Operations and equipment to control the process of DOE fabrication 325(2) Scanning probe microscope 327(2) Automation facilities for DOE testing 329(3) Examples of DOE synthesis and application of software complexes 332(15) Software in diffractive optics 332(4) Examples of DOE synthesis 336(5) Conclusion 341(1) References 341(6) DOE for focusing the laser light 347(98) Doskolovich L.L. Kazanskiy N.L. Soifer V.A. Introduction 347(1) Geometric optical calculation of DOEs focusing onto a line 348(9) Design and studies of geometric DOE 357(38) Diffraction lens 358(6) Diffraction cylindrical lens 364(2) DOE focusing onto a ring 366(9) DOE focusing onto a semi-ring 375(2) DOE focusing onto a transverse line-segment 377(10) Composite DOE to focus onto a cross 387(3) DOE focusing onto an axial segment 390(5) DOE focusing onto a 2D domain: A method of coordinated rectangles 395(6) Multifocus DOEs 401(15) Multifocus binary zone plates 408(6) DOEs with nonlinearly combined phases 414(2) Diffractive multifocus lenses 416(6) Two-order DOEs 422(3) Design of spectral DOEs 425(20) Color-separation gratings 425(2) Spectral DOE focusing onto an array of identical focal domains 427(3) Spectral DOE focusing onto various focal domains 430(1) Design of quantized spectral DOEs 431(8) References 439(6) Selection of laser light modes 445(90) Pavelyev V.S. Soifer V.A. Laser light modes 445(22) Mode beams in the scalar approximation 445(3) Mode excitation in optical fibers and cavities 448(2) A complex eikonal method 450(10) Amplitude-phase relations for mode beams in free space 460(1) Gaussian and Bessel modes 460(7) Generation and selection of laser light modes using DOEs 467(50) Formulation of the problem of synthesizing DOEs matched to the laser modes 467(3) Methods to design phase modans 470(1) Designing unimode modans 470(3) Constructing an iterative procedure to design a unimode modan 473(3) Fast design of DOEs to form a desired unimode distribution of radial modes 476(6) Designing a DOE to form an array of laser modes 482(6) Setting up a multichannel communication line in a perfect lenslike medium with minimal energy losses 488(9) Design of a DOE intended to analyze the transverse-mode composition of coherent light beams 497(6) The results of the DOE-aided experimental studies of fundamental properties of the Gaussian modes 503(8) Experimental studies of the feasibility of multiplexing optical communication channels using selective Gauss-Hermite mode excitation 511(4) Designing DOEs matched to the modes of graded-index fibers with nonparabolic profile 515(2) Application of DOEs in systems for acquisition, transmission, and storage of data 517(18) Enhancement of data-carrying abilities of optical communication lines 517(3) Fiber-optic sensors 520(2) Experimental studies of a modan-aided microdisplacement sensor 522(3) Application of a DOE for collimating the semiconductor laser light 525(1) Diffractive beam splitters 526(4) Conclusion 530(1) References 531(4) Light beams with periodic properties 535(72) Khonina S.N. Kotlyar V.V. Soifer V.A. Introduction 535(6) Phase formers of light fields with longitudinal periodicity 541(8) An algorithm for designing a DOE generating rotating multimode Bessel beams 549(5) Generation of a couple of rotating diffraction-free beams using a binary-phase DOE 554(5) A DOE to generate multimode Gauss-Laguerre beams 559(9) Rotation of multimode GL light beams in free space and in a fiber 568(6) Free space 568(3) Graded-index fiber 571(3) Generation of rotating GL beams using binary-phase diffractive optics 574(7) Generalized Hermite beams in free space 581(8) Generation of Gauss-Hermite modes using binary DOEs 589(5) Self-reproduction of multimode GH beams 594(13) Conclusion 601(1) References 602(5) Wave front correction 607(44) Kazanskiy N.L. Kotlyar V.V. Soifer V.A. Problems of wave front generation 607(1) DOE-aided optical systems for the analysis of aspheric surfaces 608(3) Design of a planar compensator 611(1) Spectral properties of compensators 612(2) Accuracy characteristic of the reference wave front 614(4) The impact of the sampling and quantizing of the compensators phase function on the reference wave front accuracy 618(2) Generation of wave fronts with small relative aperture 620(2) Axially symmetric compensators 622(4) Generation of higher-order wave fronts 626(1) Generation of axial-symmetry-free wave fronts 627(2) Generation of off-axis segments of rotation wave fronts 629(5) Generation of wave fronts with desired intensity distribution 634(5) Iterative algorithms for designing DOEs to generate desired phase distributions 639(8) Practical application 647(4) References 648(3) DOE-based lighting devices 651(22) Kazanskiy N.L. Prospects for use of diffractive optics in lighting devices 651(1) Design techniques for DOE-based lighting devices 652(4) Designing devices with multilevel DOEs 656(1) The results of studying a DOE-aided focusing device 657(3) Designing a DOE-based car headlamp 660(2) Designing coplanar illuminators 662(4) Results of testing DOE-based lighting devices 666(7) Conclusion 670(1) References 670(3) Optical data processing using DOEs 673(82) Khonina S.N. Kotlyar V.V. Skidanov R.V. Soifer V.A. Optical generation of image features 673(2) Expansion of the light field in terms of an orthogonal basis 675(36) Optimal Karhunen-Loeve basis 675(19) Use of the DOE for decomposing the field into the Hadamard basis 694(3) DOEs to decompose the field into angular harmonics 697(3) DOE to analyze the angular spectrum 700(4) DOEs to expand the field into the Zernike basis 704(7) Optical construction of the direction field and spatial frequency field 711(35) Optical fingerprint identification 721(19) Optical interferogram decoding 740(6) Optical implementation of the Hough-Radon transform 746(9) Conclusion 749(1) References 749(6) Index 755
Victor A. Soifer is the editor of Methods for Computer Design of Diffractive Optical Elements, published by Wiley.