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Microdosimetry: Experimental Methods and Applications [Kõva köide]

(University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Canada), (Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 222 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 462 g, 17 Tables, black and white; 4 Line drawings, color; 50 Line drawings, black and white; 4 Halftones, color; 19 Halftones, black and white; 77 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1482217406
  • ISBN-13: 9781482217407
Teised raamatud teemal:
Microdosimetry: Experimental Methods and ApplicationsSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 222 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 462 g, 17 Tables, black and white; 4 Line drawings, color; 50 Line drawings, black and white; 4 Halftones, color; 19 Halftones, black and white; 77 Illustrations, black and white
  • Ilmumisaeg: 11-Jul-2017
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1482217406
  • ISBN-13: 9781482217407
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781482217407.html
Märksõnad:
Experimental microdosimetry deals with the measurement of charged particle energy deposition in tissue equivalent volumes, ranging in size from nanometres to micrometres. Microdosimetry is employed to improve our understanding of the relationship between radiation energy deposition, the resulting biological effects, and the appropriate quantities to be used in characterizing and quantifying radiation quality.

Although many reviews and contributions to the field have been published over the past fifty years, this new book is the first to provide a single, up to date, and easily accessible account of experimental microdosimetry.

This book is designed to be used in medical, radiation, and health physics courses and by Masters and PhD students. In addition to serving as an introductory text to the field for graduate students, this book will also be of interest as a teaching and reference resource for graduate supervisors and established researchers.

Drs. Lennart Lindborg and Anthony Waker have spent a life-time career in experimental microdosimetry research in academic, industrial and regulatory environments and have observed the development of the field from its early days as a recognized discipline; they bring to this book particular knowledge and experience in the design, construction, operation and use of tissue equivalent gas ionization counters and chambers.

Arvustused

"This book written by two practitioners and outstanding experts on microdosimetry gives a highly valuable and more than timely update on this still very active field of research. After a concise and very didactical introduction into microdosimetric quantities, the book gives a comprehensive overview of experimental microdosimetry techniques, including recent developments in solid-state detectors. This is followed by an in-depth discussion on the challenges involved in obtaining microdosimetric spectra from microdosimetric measurements. The second half of the book is dedicated to the use of microdosimetry in applications in radiation biology and radiation protection. Here a full outline is given of the different approaches that have been taken in the last decades to provide measurable radiation quantities linked to the biological effects of radiation and the different effectiveness of different radiation qualities. In summary, this book gives an excellent up-to-date overview on microdosimetry that will, beyond doubt, benefit students as well as more senior researchers in the field." Dr. Hans Rabus, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Germany

"An excellent textbook in microdosimetry for both students and experts, Microdosimetry: Experimental Methods and Applications explores the fundamentals of the field, core microdosimetric theory, and includes detailed descriptions of microdosimetric radiation detectors, signal processing system, and data analysis and interpretationChapters on applications in radiation biology, radiation therapy, and radiation protection will serve as invaluable practical guides to radiation and health physicists." Soo Hyun Byun, Department of Physics and Astronomy, McMaster University

"This book is written by two world-renowned experts who have, throughout their professional careers, made significant contributions in the development of microdosimetric counters and in applying them in the measurements of various fields of ionizing radiation of different qualities. Not only will researchers active in the field of microdosimetry appreciate the content of this book, but also students entering this topical and important interdisciplinary field. This text brings together and reviews results collected over the last few decades in the areas of radiation protection, health physics, radiotherapy, radiobiology and environmental studies. The introductory chapters are perfectly suited for students as they begin their adventure with radiation science. The authors have achieved what is expected from any good textbook to use simple examples and to show step-by-step how to understand and calculate microdosimetric quantities and relationships. Medical physicists, in particular those active in particle therapy, who are frequently exposed to professional jargon, such as "LET effects" or "LET dependence", will also find this book to be very instructive." Pawel Olko, Instiute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Poland

Preface xi
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(4)
1.1 Experimental Microdosimetry And Radiation Quality
2(1)
1.2 Experimental Microdosimetry And Radiation Metrology
3(1)
1.3 Texts And Documentation Sources On Microdosimetry
3(1)
1.4 Organisation Of Material And Text
4(1)
Chapter 2 Quantities in Experimental Microdosimetry
5(36)
2.1 Introduction
5(7)
2.1.1 Probability Distributions
6(3)
2.1.2 The Track Length Distribution
9(2)
2.1.3 Stochastic and Average Quantities
11(1)
2.2 Dose-Related Quantities
12(9)
2.2.1 Energy Deposit, εi
12(1)
2.2.2 Energy Imparted, ε
13(1)
2.2.3 Specific Energy, z
13(2)
2.2.4 Absorbed Dose, D
15(1)
2.2.5 Relations between z and D
15(2)
2.2.6 Poisson Distribution of the Number of Events and the Variance in z
17(4)
2.3 Track-Related Quantities
21(13)
2.3.1 Lineal Energy, y
21(1)
2.3.2 Linear Energy Transfer, L
22(1)
2.3.3 Relationship between L and y
22(11)
2.3.4 Components of the Relative Variance of a Single-Event Distribution
33(1)
2.4 Proximity Function, T(x)
34(1)
2.5 Microdosimetry Distributions And Their Representation
35(3)
2.5.1 Logarithmic Representation of Measured Probability Density Distributions of Lineal Energy
35(1)
2.5.2 The Additivity of Dose Fractions
36(2)
2.5.3 F(z,D) Multiple-Event Frequency Distribution
38(1)
2.6 Summary
38(3)
Chapter 3 Experimental Microdosimetry
41(62)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 Simulation Of Tissue
42(5)
3.2.1 Relationships for the Simulation of a Soft Tissue Site by a Gas
43(2)
3.2.2 Tissue-Equivalent Matter
45(2)
3.3 Detectors
47(19)
3.3.1 Proportional Counters
48(1)
3.3.1.1 Design
49(2)
3.3.1.2 Wall Effects
51(4)
3.3.1.3 Gas Gain
55(4)
3.3.2 Ionisation Chambers
59(1)
3.3.3 Recombination Chambers
59(1)
3.3.4 Gas Electron Multipliers
60(4)
3.3.5 Diodes
64(2)
3.3.6 Diamond Detectors
66(1)
3.4 Measurement Methods
66(27)
3.4.1 Pulse Height Analysis of Single Events
66(1)
3.4.1.1 Measurement Principle
66(3)
3.4.1.2 Electronic Noise and Gas Gain Statistics
69(1)
3.4.1.3 Representation of Measured Results
70(4)
3.4.1.4 Calibration Methods for Lineal Energy
74(4)
3.4.1.5 Experimental Uncertainties
78(1)
3.4.2 Analysis of Multiple Events-Variance and Variance-Co variance Methods
79(1)
3.4.2.1 Theory
79(3)
3.4.2.2 Variance Measurement Techniques
82(7)
3.4.2.3 Calibration for Lineal Energy
89(1)
3.4.2.4 Experimental Uncertainties
90(2)
3.4.2.5 Methods for Deriving Dose Fractions
92(1)
3.4.3 Comparison of the Variance Method and the PHA Method
92(1)
3.5 Limitations In Simulations Of Volumes In The Nanometre Range
93(5)
3.6 Ionisation Cluster Distributions Measurements In Nanometre Volumes
98(1)
3.7 Gas Flow System And Gas Gain Control
99(2)
3.8 Summary
101(2)
Chapter 4 Microdosimetry Measurements in Radiation Biology and Radiation Therapy
103(42)
4.1 Introduction
103(1)
4.2 Historical Notes On Radiation Quality
104(1)
4.3 Relative Biological Effectiveness
105(8)
4.3.1 Relative Biological Effectiveness in Single-Dose Cell Survival Experiments and in Dose-Fractionated Radiation Therapy
105(3)
4.3.2 Radiobiological Experiments in Support of Sensitive Targets in the Nanometre Range
108(2)
4.3.3 Dose Range and Volumes in Which Single Events Dominate
110(2)
4.3.4 Correlations between Oncogenic Transformation and Measures of Radiation Quality for Different Site Sizes
112(1)
4.3.5 Correlations between RBE for Low Energy Photons and Electrons and Measures of Radiation Quality in nm-Site Sizes
113(1)
4.4 Single-Event Dose Distributions
113(6)
4.4.1 Qualitative Judgements of RBE Using Single Event Dose Distributions
114(2)
4.4.2 Single-Event Dose Distributions and Boron Neutron Capture Therapy
116(3)
4.5 Response Functions Derived From Single-Event Dose Distributions
119(9)
4.5.1 Response Function Derivation
119(3)
4.5.2 The Response Function r(y) Applied to a Proton Therapy Beam of 62 MeV
122(1)
4.5.3 The Response Function r(y) Applied to a Proton Therapy Beam of 85 MeV
123(1)
4.5.4 The Response Function r(y) Applied to a 12C Ion Therapy Beam of 194 MeV u-1
124(2)
4.5.5 The Response Function r(y) Applied to a Neutron Beam Designed for BNCT
126(2)
4.6 Models For The Biological Action Of Ionising Radiation
128(15)
4.6.1 The Statistical Uncertainty due to Fluctuations in Energy Deposition
128(2)
4.6.2 Theory of Dual Radiation Action
130(2)
4.6.3 A Model for Estimating Weighting Factors from yD Values
132(4)
4.6.4 The Microdosimetric-Kinetic Model
136(3)
4.6.5 Amorphous Track Structure Models
139(1)
4.6.6 The Local Effect Model
140(3)
4.7 Summary
143(2)
Chapter 5 Applications in Radiation Protection
145(38)
5.1 Introduction
145(1)
5.2 Historical Notes
145(1)
5.3 Quantities In Radiation Protection
146(1)
5.4 Protection Quantities
147(4)
5.4.1 Equivalent Dose, HT, to an Organ or Tissue
147(1)
5.4.2 Effective Dose, E
148(3)
5.4.3 Mean Absorbed Dose
151(1)
5.5 The Operational Quantities
151(4)
5.5.1 Dose Equivalent, H
151(2)
5.5.2 Ambient Dose Equivalent, H*(10)
153(1)
5.5.3 Directional Dose Equivalent, H'(d,Ω)
154(1)
5.5.4 Personal Dose Equivalent HP(d)
154(1)
5.6 Relationships Between Protection And Operational Quantities
155(2)
5.7 Dose Equivalent And Microdosimetry
157(5)
5.8 Measurement Of Operational Quantities Using Microdosimetric Techniques
162(19)
5.8.1 The Pulse Height Analysis Method Applied to Dose Equivalent Measurements
162(4)
5.8.2 The Variance or Variance-Covariance Technique Applied to Dose-Equivalent Measurements
166(1)
5.8.2.1 Relations between yD and Q
167(3)
5.8.2.2 Methods to Separate Low- and High-LET Dose Components
170(4)
5.8.3 Applications to Radiation Fields at Workplaces
174(3)
5.8.4 Other Radiation Protection Issues Using Experimental Microdosimetry
177(4)
5.9 Summary
181(2)
Bibliography 183(16)
Index 199
Drs. Lennart Lindborg and Anthony Waker have spent a life-time career in experimental microdosimetry research in academic, industrial and regulatory environments and have observed the development of the field from its early days as a recognized discipline; they bring to this book particular knowledge and experience in the design, construction, operation and use of tissue equivalent gas ionization counters and chambers.