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Modelling Christianisation: A Geospatial Analysis of the Archaeological Data on the Rural Church Network of Hungary in the 11th-12th Centuries [Pehme köide]

Teised raamatud teemal:
Modelling Christianisation: A Geospatial Analysis of the Archaeological Data on the Rural Church Network of Hungary in the 11th-12th CenturiesSuurem pilt
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Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781803272795.html
Märksõnad:
Modelling Christianisation breaks new ground by studying the underutilised archaeological material for the Christianisation of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. Around the first Millennium, in present-day Central Europe, the political and religious landscape changed dramatically. With the Christianisation of the pagan societies on its borders, the Ottonian/Holy Roman Empire significantly expanded according to the principles of the Imperium Christianum. This process Christianisation - frequently tied to the making of Europe, has long generated broad interest in scholarship. Although recent attempts have shown archaeologys potential to shed light on the subject, interpretations of Christianisation and state formation are still primarily dominated by historical narratives.





Instead of concentrating on the upper echelons of society, the volume draws on the archaeological record relating to the Christianisation of the commoners rural churches and field cemeteries and more precisely (digital) archaeological archival data. This was subjected to geospatial analysis to uncover potential networks and clusters and to provide a different narrative about the course of Christianisation. Written evidence deals typically only with the topmost layer of institutions, such as the foundation of bishoprics, archbishoprics and some monasteries. Local churches, the smallest but most numerous elements of the church system, seldom appear in written sources; thus, theories about the development of the Church as an institution have often lacked direct evidence about the local church network. The approach taken here integrates this abundant data which provides information about the largest part of the population, otherwise absent in the written sources. It allows the reconstruction of a cultural landscape and lets us see the process of (institutionalised) Christianisation as a process of adaptation. Thus, it also offers a new interpretation for modelling Christianisation in newly emergent kingdoms.
Table of Contents
5(2)
Acknowledgements 7(2)
I Introduction
9(8)
Problems to be Considered in the Discourse
9(1)
Contextualisation of the Historical Events in the Christianisation of Hungary
10(2)
Contextualisation of the Notion of Christianisation, and Issues with Baptism
12(5)
II Research Trends In The Historical And Archaeological Studies On The Christianisation Of Hungary
17(12)
Archaeology in the Interpretation of the Christianisation of Medieval Hungary
17(1)
Issues with Chronological Division
17(2)
Pagan-Christian Division and Field Cemeteries
19(1)
Transitional Cemeteries
19(2)
Churchyards
21(1)
Churches
22(1)
Results and Problems in the Archaeological Research of Christianisation
22(1)
Categorisation of Cemeteries - Problems with Nomadism
22(2)
Discrepancies in the Research of Field Cemeteries and Churchyards
24(1)
The Identification of Early Churches
24(3)
Elements of Secular and Ecclesiastical Power - The Castle System and Church Organisation
27(1)
The Organisation of the Counties and the Castle System
28(1)
III Sources, Methods And Approaches
29(14)
Spatial Approaches to Christianisation and State Formation
29(4)
Written Evidence Connected to Christianisation
33(1)
Regulations Towards Christianisation and the Parochial System
33(2)
Written Evidence on the Stratification of the Rural Population
35(1)
Types of Archaeological Data Considered and their Issues
36(1)
Data Sources
36(1)
Issues with Dating
37(1)
Buildings
37(1)
Material Culture Connected to Christianisation
37(1)
Existing Datasets, the Size of Data
38(2)
Taphonomical Problems
40(1)
Big Data, Distant Reading and Archaeology
41(2)
IV Spatial Analysis Of The Archaeological Material - Modelling Christianisation
43(48)
Primary Questions and Methods
43(3)
Chronological Division and Technical Data
46(1)
The Eleventh Century
47(1)
General Remarks
47(1)
Central Power and Christianisation in the Eleventh Century
48(1)
Castles as Places of Central Secular Power
48(2)
Castles and Bishoprics
50(1)
Castles and Monasteries
50(2)
Castles and Local Churches
52(1)
Castles and Field Cemeteries
52(2)
Ecclesiastical Centres as Places of Central Power in the Eleventh Century
54(1)
Bishoprics
54(1)
Bishoprics and Monasteries
54(1)
Bishoprics and Local Churches
54(2)
Bishoprics and Field Cemeteries
56(2)
Monasteries and Local Churches
58(1)
Monasteries and Field Cemeteries
58(1)
Conclusions on the Relations of Early Secular and Ecclesiastical Power Centres
59(1)
Rural Sites and Christianisation in the Eleventh Century
59(1)
Relations of Local Churches and Field Cemeteries
59(2)
Categories of Transitional Cemeteries
61(1)
Definition of Transitional Cemeteries
61(1)
Type 1 Transitional Cemeteries
62(2)
Transitional Cemeteries with Tenth Century Origins
64(1)
Field Cemeteries Near Churchyards
64(1)
The Area of the Great Plain
64(3)
Northeastern Areas
67(1)
Transdanubia
68(1)
Concluding Remarks on Transitional Cemeteries
69(1)
The Twelfth Century
70(1)
Changes in the Ecclesiastical System, Society and Secular Power
70(1)
Difficulties of Dating in the Twelfth Century
71(1)
Archaeological Data of the Twelfth Century
71(2)
General Distribution of Rural Churches
73(1)
Field Cemeteries in the Twelfth Century
73(3)
Field Cemeteries and Twelfth-Century Church Foundations
76(1)
Rural Churches and Castles
76(3)
Monasteries, Local Churches and Field Cemeteries
79(2)
The Local Church Network and the Question of Authority
81(5)
Conclusion of the Spatial Analysis of the Archeological Material
86(5)
V Historical Theories And The Archaeological Material Of Christianisation Compared To The Development Of The Parochial Network
91(10)
Precedents and Influences on the Ecclesiastical System
91(1)
The Role of Royal Churches
92(9)
VI Conclusions
101(4)
APPENDIX
105(38)
Field Cemeteries (Fig. 33)
106(9)
Churches of the 11th Century (Fig. 34)
115(5)
Transitional Cemeteries of the 11th Century (Fig. 35)
120(2)
Monasteries of the 11th Century (Fig. 36)
122(2)
Bishoprics of the 11th Century (Fig. 37)
124(2)
Castles of the 11th Century (Fig. 38)
126(2)
Churches of the 12th Century (Fig. 39)
128(7)
Transitional Cemeteries of the 12th Century (Fig. 40)
135(2)
Monasteries of the 12th Century457 (Fig. 41)
137(2)
Bishoprics in the 12th Century458 (Fig. 42)
139(2)
Castles in the 12th Century459 (Fig. 43)
141(2)
Bibliography 143(1)
Abbreviations 143(1)
Primary Sources 143(1)
Secondary Sources 143