Preface |
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ix | |
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Chapter 1 Fundamental Concepts |
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1 | (19) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1 What Is a Hydronic Heating System? |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Benefits of Hydronic Heating |
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2 | (6) |
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1.3 Heat and Heat Transfer |
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8 | (5) |
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1.4 Four Basic Hydronic Subsystems |
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13 | (4) |
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1.5 The Importance of System Design |
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17 | (3) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Space Heating and Domestic Water-Heating Loads |
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20 | (32) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2 Design Space Heating Load |
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21 | (1) |
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2.3 Conduction Heat Losses |
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22 | (4) |
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26 | (7) |
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2.5 Infiltration Heat Loss |
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33 | (3) |
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2.6 Example of Complete Heating Load Estimate |
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36 | (4) |
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2.7 Computer-Aided Heating Load Calculations |
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40 | (1) |
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2.8 Estimating Annual Heating Energy Use |
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41 | (6) |
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2.9 Estimating Domestic Water-Heating Loads |
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47 | (5) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Hydronic Heat Sources |
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52 | (87) |
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52 | (1) |
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52 | (1) |
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3.2 Classification of Hydronic Heat Sources |
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53 | (1) |
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3.3 Gas- and Oil-Fired Boiler Designs |
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54 | (5) |
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3.4 Conventional Versus Condensing Boilers |
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59 | (8) |
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3.5 Domestic Hot Water Tanks as Hydronic Heat Sources |
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67 | (2) |
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3.6 Power Venting Exhaust Systems |
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69 | (2) |
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3.7 Combustion Air Requirements |
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71 | (3) |
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3.8 Boiler Heating Capacity |
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74 | (1) |
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3.9 Efficiency of Gas- and Oil-Fired Boilers |
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75 | (5) |
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3.10 Multiple Boiler Systems |
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80 | (9) |
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89 | (2) |
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3.12 Electric Thermal Storage Systems |
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91 | (2) |
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3.13 Hydronic Heat Pump Fundamentals |
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93 | (5) |
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3.14 Water-to-Water Heat Pumps |
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98 | (8) |
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3.15 Air-to-Water Heat Pumps |
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106 | (8) |
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3.16 System Design Considerations for Hydronic Heat Pumps |
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114 | (2) |
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3.17 Solar Thermal Systems |
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116 | (8) |
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3.18 Biomass Boiler Fundamentals |
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124 | (1) |
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3.19 Cordwood Gasification Boilers |
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125 | (6) |
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131 | (8) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Chapter 4 Properties of Water |
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139 | (18) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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4.2 Sensible Heat Versus Latent Heat |
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140 | (1) |
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4.3 Specific Heat and Heat Capacity |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (1) |
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4.5 Sensible Heat Quantity Equation |
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142 | (1) |
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4.6 Sensible Heat Rate Equation |
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143 | (2) |
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4.7 Vapor Pressure and Boiling Point |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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4.9 Dissolved Air in Water |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (8) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Piping, Fittings, and Valves |
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157 | (64) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (18) |
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176 | (3) |
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5.4 Specialized Fittings for Hydronic Systems |
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179 | (3) |
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5.5 Thermal Expansion of Piping |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (4) |
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5.7 Specialty Valves for Hydronic Applications |
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189 | (24) |
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5.8 Schematic Symbols for Piping Components |
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213 | (1) |
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5.9 Tips on Piping Installation |
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214 | (7) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 Fluid Flow in Piping |
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221 | (36) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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6.2 Basic Concepts of Fluid Mechanics. What is a Fluid? |
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222 | (9) |
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6.3 Analyzing Fluid Flow in Smooth Pipes |
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231 | (5) |
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6.4 Hydraulic Resistance of Fittings, Valves, and Other Devices |
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236 | (3) |
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6.5 The System Head Loss Curve |
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239 | (1) |
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6.6 Piping Components Represented as Series Resistors |
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240 | (3) |
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6.7 Parallel Hydraulic Resistances |
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243 | (4) |
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6.8 Reducing Complex Piping Systems |
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247 | (2) |
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6.9 Software-Based Circuit Analysis |
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249 | (1) |
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6.10 Pipe Sizing Considerations |
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250 | (7) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
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Chapter 7 Hydronic Circulators |
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257 | (50) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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7.2 Circulators for Hydronic Systems |
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258 | (5) |
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7.3 Placement of the Circulator Within the System |
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263 | (3) |
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7.4 Circulator Performance |
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266 | (9) |
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7.5 Variable-Speed/ECM-Powered (VS/ECM) Circulators |
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275 | (8) |
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7.6 Analytical Methods for Circulator Performance |
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283 | (2) |
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7.7 Circulator Efficiency |
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285 | (3) |
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7.8 Operating Cost of a Circulator |
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288 | (4) |
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292 | (5) |
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7.10 Special Purpose Circulators |
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297 | (5) |
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7.11 Selecting a Circulator |
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302 | (5) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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304 | (3) |
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307 | (61) |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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8.2 Classification of Heat Emitters |
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308 | (1) |
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8.3 Finned-Tube Baseboard Convectors |
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308 | (4) |
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8.4 Thermal Ratings and Performance of Finned-Tube Baseboard |
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312 | (8) |
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8.5 Sizing Finned-Tube Baseboard in Series Circuits |
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320 | (7) |
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8.6 Hydronic Fan-Coils and Air Handlers |
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327 | (7) |
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8.7 Thermal Performance of Fan-Coils |
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334 | (6) |
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340 | (14) |
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8.9 Other Hydronic Heat Emitters |
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354 | (3) |
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8.10 Head Loss of Heat Emitters |
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357 | (2) |
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8.11 Heat Loss from Copper Tubing |
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359 | (2) |
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361 | (7) |
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366 | (1) |
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366 | (1) |
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367 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Control Strategies, Components, and Systems |
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368 | (101) |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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9.2 Closed-Loop Control System Fundamentals |
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369 | (8) |
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9.3 Controlling the Output of Heat Sources |
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377 | (5) |
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9.4 Controlling Heat Output from Heat Emitters |
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382 | (2) |
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9.5 Outdoor Reset Control |
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384 | (14) |
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9.6 Switches, Relays, and Ladder Diagrams |
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398 | (8) |
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9.7 Basic Hydronic System Control Hardware |
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406 | (20) |
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9.8 Basic Boiler Control Hardware |
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426 | (10) |
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9.9 Mixing Strategies and Hardware |
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436 | (21) |
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9.10 Control System Design Principles |
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457 | (2) |
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9.11 Example of a Modern Control System |
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459 | (3) |
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9.12 Communicating Control Systems |
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462 | (7) |
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465 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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467 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Hydronic Radiant Panel Heating |
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469 | (94) |
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469 | (1) |
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469 | (1) |
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10.2 What Is Radiant Heating? |
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470 | (1) |
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10.3 What Is a Hydronic Radiant Panel? |
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471 | (1) |
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10.4 A Brief History of Radiant Panel Heating |
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471 | (2) |
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10.5 Benefits of Radiant Panel Heating |
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473 | (1) |
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10.6 Physiology of Radiant Panel Heating |
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474 | (2) |
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10.7 Methods of Hydronic Radiant Panel Heating |
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476 | (1) |
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10.8 Slab-on-Grade Radiant Floors |
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477 | (10) |
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10.9 Concrete Thin-Slab Radiant Floors |
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487 | (6) |
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10.10 Poured Gypsum Thin-Slab Radiant Floors |
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493 | (4) |
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10.11 Above-Floor Tube and Plate Systems |
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497 | (7) |
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10.12 Below-Floor Tube and Plate Systems |
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504 | (4) |
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10.13 Extended Surface Suspended Tube Systems |
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508 | (2) |
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10.14 Plateless Staple-Up Systems |
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510 | (1) |
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10.15 Prefab Subfloor/Underlayment Panels |
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511 | (2) |
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10.16 Radiant Wall Panels |
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513 | (5) |
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10.17 Radiant Ceiling Panels |
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518 | (3) |
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10.18 Tube Placement Considerations (Floor Panels) |
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521 | (9) |
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10.19 Radiant Floor Panel Circuit Sizing Procedure |
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530 | (18) |
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10.20 System Piping and Temperature Control Options |
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548 | (15) |
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561 | (1) |
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561 | (1) |
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562 | (1) |
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Chapter 11 Distribution Piping Systems |
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563 | (72) |
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563 | (1) |
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563 | (1) |
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11.2 Zoning Considerations |
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564 | (3) |
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567 | (1) |
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11.4 The Concept of Iterative Design |
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568 | (1) |
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11.5 Single Series Circuits |
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569 | (3) |
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11.6 Single Circuit/Multizone (One-Pipe) Systems |
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572 | (3) |
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11.7 Multicirculator Systems and Hydraulic Separation |
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575 | (10) |
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11.8 Multizone Systems--Using Circulators |
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585 | (8) |
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11.9 Multizone Systems Using Zone Valves |
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593 | (6) |
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11.10 Parallel Direct-Return Systems |
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599 | (4) |
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11.11 Parallel' Reverse-Return Systems |
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603 | (3) |
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11.12 Home-Run Distribution Systems |
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606 | (4) |
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11.13 Primary/Secondary Systems |
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610 | (12) |
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11.14 Distribution Efficiency |
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622 | (3) |
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11.15 Hybrid Distribution Systems |
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625 | (10) |
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632 | (1) |
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633 | (1) |
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633 | (2) |
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Chapter 12 Expansion Tanks |
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635 | (19) |
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635 | (1) |
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635 | (1) |
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12.2 Standard Expansion Tanks |
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636 | (3) |
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12.3 Diaphragm-Type Expansion Tanks |
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639 | (6) |
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12.4 Estimating System Volume |
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645 | (1) |
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12.5 The Expansion Tank Sizer Software Module |
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646 | (1) |
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12.6 Point of No Pressure Change |
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647 | (7) |
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651 | (1) |
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651 | (1) |
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652 | (2) |
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Chapter 13 Air & Dirt Removal & Water Quality Adjustment |
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654 | (34) |
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654 | (1) |
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654 | (1) |
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13.2 Problems Created by Entrapped Air |
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655 | (2) |
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13.3 Types of Entrapped Air |
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657 | (2) |
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659 | (5) |
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13.5 Correcting Chronic Air Problems |
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664 | (4) |
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13.6 Filling and Purging a System |
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668 | (4) |
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13.7 Make-Up Water Systems |
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672 | (1) |
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13.8 Dirt & Magnetic Particle Separation |
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673 | (4) |
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13.9 Internal Cleaning of Hydronic Systems |
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677 | (1) |
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13.10 Water Quality in Hydronic Systems |
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678 | (10) |
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686 | (1) |
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686 | (1) |
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687 | (1) |
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Chapter 14 Auxiliary Loads and Specialized Topics |
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688 | (91) |
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688 | (1) |
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688 | (1) |
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14.2 Liquid-to-Liquid Heat Exchangers |
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689 | (20) |
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14.3 Domestic Water Heating |
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709 | (15) |
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14.4 Intermittent Garage Heating |
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724 | (2) |
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726 | (4) |
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14.6 Hydronic Snow Melting |
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730 | (13) |
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743 | (6) |
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14.8 Minitube Distribution Systems |
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749 | (4) |
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753 | (10) |
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14.10 Introduction to Balancing |
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763 | (16) |
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776 | (1) |
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776 | (1) |
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777 | (2) |
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Chapter 15 Fundamentals of Hydronic Cooling |
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779 | (44) |
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779 | (1) |
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779 | (1) |
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15.2 Benefits of Chilled Water Cooling |
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780 | (4) |
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15.3 Thermodynamic Concepts Associated with Cooling Systems |
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784 | (7) |
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15.4 Chilled-Water Sources |
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791 | (9) |
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15.5 Chilled-Water Terminal Units |
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800 | (10) |
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15.6 Chilled-Water Piping Insulation |
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810 | (3) |
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813 | (10) |
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821 | (1) |
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821 | (1) |
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822 | (1) |
Appendix A Schematic Symbols |
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823 | (4) |
Appendix B R-Values of Common Building Materials |
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827 | (2) |
Appendix C Useful Conversion Factors and Data |
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829 | (2) |
Glossary |
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831 | (26) |
Index |
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857 | |