Preface |
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x | |
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Chapter 1 The Birth Of Modern Physics |
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1 | (18) |
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1.1 Classical Physics of the 1890s |
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2 | (3) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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1.2 The Kinetic Theory of Gases |
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5 | (3) |
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8 | (2) |
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1.4 Conservation Laws and Fundamental Forces |
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10 | (3) |
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10 | (3) |
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1.5 The Atomic Theory of Matter |
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13 | (2) |
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1.6 Unresolved Questions of 1895 and New Horizons |
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15 | (4) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Special Theory Of Relativity |
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19 | (67) |
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2.1 The Apparent Need for Ether |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2 The Michelson-Morley Experiment |
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21 | (6) |
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2.3 Einstein's Postulates |
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27 | (2) |
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2.4 The Lorentz Transformation |
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29 | (3) |
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2.5 Time Dilation and Length Contraction |
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32 | (7) |
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32 | (4) |
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36 | (3) |
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2.6 Addition of Velocities |
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39 | (4) |
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2.7 Experimental Verification |
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43 | (5) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (2) |
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50 | (3) |
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53 | (5) |
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Special Topic: Applications of the Doppler Effect |
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58 | (1) |
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2.11 Relativistic Momentum |
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58 | (5) |
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63 | (7) |
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Total Energy and Rest Energy |
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66 | (1) |
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Equivalence of Mass and Energy |
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67 | (1) |
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Relationship of Energy and Momentum |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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2.13 Computations in Modern Physics |
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70 | (5) |
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72 | (3) |
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2.14 Electromagnetism and Relativity |
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75 | (11) |
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77 | (2) |
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79 | (1) |
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80 | (6) |
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Chapter 3 The Experimental Basis Of Quantum Physics |
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86 | (43) |
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3.1 Discovery of the X Ray and the Electron |
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86 | (4) |
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3.2 Determination of Electron Charge |
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90 | (3) |
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93 | (4) |
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Special Topic: The Discovery of Helium |
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95 | (2) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (6) |
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104 | (8) |
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Experimental Results of Photoelectric Effect |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (2) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (3) |
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112 | (3) |
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115 | (4) |
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3.9 Pair Production and Annihilation |
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119 | (10) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (5) |
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Chapter 4 Structure Of The Atom |
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129 | (35) |
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4.1 The Atomic Models of Thomson and Rutherford |
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130 | (3) |
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4.2 Rutherford Scattering |
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133 | (8) |
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Special Topic: Lord Rutherford of Nelson |
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136 | (5) |
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4.3 The Classical Atomic Model |
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141 | (2) |
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4.4 The Bohr Model of the Hydrogen Atom |
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143 | (6) |
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The Correspondence Principle |
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148 | (1) |
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4.5 Successes and Failures of the Bohr Model |
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149 | (4) |
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150 | (2) |
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152 | (1) |
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4.6 Characteristic X-Ray Spectra and Atomic Number |
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153 | (3) |
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4.7 Atomic Excitation by Electrons |
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156 | (8) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (4) |
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Chapter 5 Wave Properties Of Matter And Quantum Mechanics I |
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164 | (40) |
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165 | (5) |
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170 | (4) |
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Bohr's Quantization Condition |
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171 | (1) |
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Special Topic: Cavendish Laboratory |
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172 | (2) |
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174 | (3) |
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177 | (7) |
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184 | (4) |
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5.6 Uncertainty Principle |
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188 | (5) |
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5.7 Probability, Wave Functions, and the Copenhagen Interpretation |
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193 | (3) |
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The Copenhagen Interpretation |
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194 | (2) |
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196 | (8) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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199 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 Quantum Mechanics II |
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204 | (41) |
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6.1 The Schrodinger Wave Equation |
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205 | (8) |
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Normalization and Probability |
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209 | (1) |
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Properties of Valid Wave Functions |
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210 | (3) |
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213 | (3) |
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6.3 Infinite Square-Well Potential |
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216 | (4) |
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6.4 Finite Square-Well Potential |
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220 | (2) |
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6.5 Three-Dimensional Infinite-Potential Well |
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222 | (2) |
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6.6 Simple Harmonic Oscillator |
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224 | (6) |
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6.7 Barriers and Tunneling |
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230 | (15) |
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Potential Barrier with E > VQ |
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230 | (1) |
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Potential Barrier with E < V0 |
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231 | (4) |
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235 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Special Topic: Scanning Probe Microscopes |
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236 | (3) |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (5) |
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Chapter 7 The Hydrogen Atom |
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245 | (31) |
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7.1 Application of the Schrodinger Equation to the Hydrogen Atom |
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245 | (1) |
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7.2 Solution of the Schrodinger Equation for Hydrogen |
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246 | (6) |
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247 | (1) |
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Solution of the Radial Equation |
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248 | (2) |
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Solution of the Angular and Azimuthal Equations |
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250 | (2) |
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252 | (5) |
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Principal Quantum Number n |
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253 | (1) |
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Orbital Angular Momentum Quantum Number l |
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254 | (1) |
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Magnetic Quantum Number me |
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255 | (2) |
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7.4 Magnetic Effects on Atomic Spectra-- The Normal Zeeman Effect |
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257 | (5) |
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262 | (2) |
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Special Topic: Hydrogen and the 21-cm Line Transition |
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264 | (1) |
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7.6 Energy Levels and Electron Probabilities |
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264 | (12) |
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266 | (1) |
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Probability Distribution Functions |
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267 | (5) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (1) |
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273 | (3) |
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276 | (26) |
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8.1 Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table |
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276 | (9) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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Special Topic: Rydberg Atoms |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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8.2 Total Angular Momentum |
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285 | (11) |
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285 | (4) |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (3) |
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293 | (3) |
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8.3 Anomalous Zeeman Effect |
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296 | (6) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (3) |
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Chapter 9 Statistical Physics |
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302 | (42) |
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303 | (1) |
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9.2 Maxwell Velocity Distribution |
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304 | (2) |
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9.3 Equipartition Theorem |
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306 | (4) |
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9.4 Maxwell Speed Distribution |
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310 | (5) |
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9.5 Classical and Quantum Statistics |
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315 | (4) |
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315 | (1) |
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316 | (3) |
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9.6 Fermi-Dirac Statistics |
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319 | (8) |
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Introduction to Fermi-Dirac Theory |
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319 | (1) |
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Classical Theory of Electrical Conduction |
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320 | (2) |
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Quantum Theory of Electrical Conduction |
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322 | (5) |
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9.7 Bose-Einstein Statistics |
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327 | (17) |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (3) |
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Special Topic: Superfluid He |
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332 | (3) |
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335 | (2) |
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Bose-Einstein Condensation in Gases |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (5) |
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Chapter 10 Molecules And Solids |
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344 | (53) |
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10.1 Molecular Bonding and Spectra |
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344 | (8) |
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345 | (1) |
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346 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
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Vibration and Rotation Combined |
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349 | (3) |
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10.2 Stimulated Emission and Lasers |
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352 | (9) |
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Scientific Applications of Lasers |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (2) |
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Quantum Entanglement, Teleportation, and Information |
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360 | (1) |
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360 | (1) |
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10.3 Structural Properties of Solids |
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361 | (3) |
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10.4 Thermal and Magnetic Properties of Solids |
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364 | (8) |
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364 | (2) |
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366 | (2) |
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368 | (1) |
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368 | (2) |
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370 | (1) |
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371 | (1) |
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Antiferromagnetism and Ferrimagnetism |
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372 | (1) |
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372 | (13) |
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The Search for a Higher Tc |
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379 | (3) |
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Special Topic: Low-Temperature Methods |
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382 | (2) |
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Other Classes of Superconductors |
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384 | (1) |
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10.6 Applications of Superconductivity |
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385 | (12) |
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385 | (2) |
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387 | (1) |
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Generation and Transmission of Electricity |
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388 | (1) |
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Other Scientific and Medical Applications |
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388 | (2) |
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390 | (1) |
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391 | (1) |
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392 | (5) |
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Chapter 11 Semiconductor Theory And Devices |
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397 | (38) |
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11.1 Band Theory of Solids |
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397 | (5) |
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400 | (1) |
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Band Theory and Conductivity |
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401 | (1) |
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11.2 Semiconductor Theory |
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402 | (8) |
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406 | (2) |
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Special Topic: The Quantum Hall Effect |
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408 | (2) |
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11.3 Semiconductor Devices |
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410 | (15) |
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410 | (2) |
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412 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
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413 | (1) |
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413 | (4) |
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417 | (2) |
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419 | (1) |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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422 | (3) |
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425 | (10) |
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425 | (2) |
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427 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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429 | (1) |
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430 | (1) |
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431 | (1) |
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431 | (4) |
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Chapter 12 The Atomic Nucleus |
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435 | (42) |
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12.1 Discovery of the Neutron |
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435 | (3) |
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438 | (5) |
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Sizes and Shapes of Nuclei |
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439 | (2) |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (1) |
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Intrinsic Magnetic Moment |
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441 | (1) |
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance |
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442 | (1) |
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443 | (2) |
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445 | (1) |
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446 | (7) |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (3) |
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12.7 Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay |
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456 | (11) |
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457 | (2) |
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459 | (1) |
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Special Topic: Neutrino Detection |
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460 | (5) |
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465 | (2) |
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12.8 Radioactive Nuclides |
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467 | (10) |
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Time Dating Using Lead Isotopes |
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469 | (1) |
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Radioactive Carbon Dating |
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470 | (2) |
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Special Topic: The Formation and Age of the Earth |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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474 | (3) |
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Chapter 13 Nuclear Interactions And Applications |
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477 | (44) |
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477 | (5) |
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480 | (2) |
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482 | (2) |
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484 | (4) |
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485 | (2) |
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487 | (1) |
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488 | (4) |
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488 | (1) |
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489 | (2) |
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491 | (1) |
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492 | (8) |
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495 | (1) |
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Serious Reactor Accidents |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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Future Nuclear Power Systems |
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497 | (1) |
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Special Topic: Early Fission Reactors |
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498 | (2) |
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500 | (6) |
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500 | (2) |
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502 | (2) |
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Controlled Thermonuclear Reactions |
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504 | (2) |
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13.7 Special Applications |
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506 | (15) |
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507 | (1) |
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508 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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509 | (1) |
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510 | (1) |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (3) |
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515 | (1) |
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515 | (1) |
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516 | (5) |
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Chapter 14 Particle Physics |
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521 | (40) |
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522 | (3) |
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522 | (2) |
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524 | (1) |
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14.2 The Fundamental Interactions |
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525 | (3) |
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14.3 Classification of Particles |
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528 | (6) |
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528 | (2) |
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530 | (1) |
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531 | (1) |
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531 | (3) |
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14.4 Conservation Laws and Symmetries |
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534 | (5) |
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535 | (1) |
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536 | (1) |
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537 | (1) |
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538 | (1) |
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539 | (5) |
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Quark Description of Particles |
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540 | (2) |
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542 | (1) |
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542 | (2) |
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14.6 The Families of Matter |
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544 | (1) |
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14.7 Beyond the Standard Model |
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544 | (8) |
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545 | (1) |
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545 | (3) |
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548 | (2) |
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Special Topic: Experimental Ingenuity |
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550 | (2) |
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552 | (9) |
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552 | (1) |
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553 | (1) |
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Fixed-Target Accelerators |
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553 | (1) |
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554 | (2) |
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556 | (1) |
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557 | (1) |
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558 | (3) |
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Chapter 15 Modern Astrophysics And General Relativity |
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561 | (39) |
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561 | (11) |
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The Ultimate Fate of Stars |
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563 | (2) |
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565 | (3) |
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568 | (3) |
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Special Topic: Are Other Earths Out There? |
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571 | (1) |
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15.2 Galaxies and the Discovery of Dark Matter |
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572 | (3) |
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15.3 Tenets of General Relativity |
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575 | (4) |
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575 | (4) |
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579 | (1) |
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15.4 Tests of General Relativity |
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579 | (5) |
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580 | (1) |
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580 | (2) |
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Perihelion Shift of Mercury |
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582 | (1) |
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583 | (1) |
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584 | (9) |
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Active Galactic Nuclei and Quasars |
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589 | (3) |
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592 | (1) |
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593 | (7) |
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596 | (1) |
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597 | (1) |
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597 | (3) |
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Chapter 16 Cosmology--The Beginning And The End |
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600 | (1) |
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16.1 Evidence of the Big Bang |
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601 | (1) |
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601 | (3) |
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Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation |
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604 | (1) |
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605 | (1) |
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Special Topic: Measuring the Hubble Constant |
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606 | (3) |
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609 | (1) |
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16.2 The Theory of the Big Bang |
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609 | (5) |
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16.3 Problems with the Big Bang |
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614 | (4) |
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614 | (1) |
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615 | (3) |
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16.4 The Age of the Universe |
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618 | (4) |
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Age of Astronomical Objects |
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618 | (1) |
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Cosmological Determinations |
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619 | (3) |
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622 | (1) |
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16.5 The Standard Model of Cosmology |
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622 | (2) |
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624 | (1) |
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624 | (1) |
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624 | (1) |
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625 | (1) |
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626 | (1) |
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626 | |
Appendix 1 Fundamental Constants |
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1 | (1) |
Appendix 2 Conversion Factors |
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2 | (2) |
Appendix 3A Mathematical Relations |
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4 | (2) |
Appendix 3B Mean Values and Distributions |
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6 | (2) |
Appendix 3C Probability Integrals In = &info;x0 xn exp(-- ax2) dx |
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8 | (3) |
Appendix 3D Integrals of the Type &info;∞0 xn-1ds/ex-1 |
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11 | (2) |
Appendix 4 Periodic Table of the Elements |
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13 | (1) |
Appendix 5 Atomic Mass Table |
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14 | (24) |
Appendix 6 Nobel Laureates in Physics |
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38 | (11) |
Appendix 7 Fundamental and Combination of Constants; Particle Masses; Conversion Factors |
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49 | (2) |
Appendix 8 The Greek Alphabet; Some Prefixes for the Powers of Ten |
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51 | (1) |
Appendix 9 Emission Spectra |
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52 | |
Answers to Selected Odd-Numbered Problems |
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1 | (1) |
Index |
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1 | |