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Modern Standard Arabic Grammar: A Learner's Guide [Pehme köide]

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(University of Michigan, USA)
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 418 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 241x168x20 mm, kaal: 726 g
  • Sari: Blackwell Reference Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Mar-2011
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1405155027
  • ISBN-13: 9781405155021
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Modern Standard Arabic Grammar: A Learner's GuideSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Paperback / softback, 418 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 241x168x20 mm, kaal: 726 g
  • Sari: Blackwell Reference Grammars
  • Ilmumisaeg: 15-Mar-2011
  • Kirjastus: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1405155027
  • ISBN-13: 9781405155021
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781405155021.html
Märksõnad:
Modern Standard Arabic Grammar is comprehensive guide that introduces readers to the basic structure and grammar of the Arabic language. Its features include:
  • Comprehensive coverage of Arabic grammar and structure in current standard use (MSA), from entry level to advanced proficiency
  • Balanced treatment of the phonological, syntactic, and morphological rules of the Arabic language
  • An intuitive presentation of grammar rules and structures, in order of frequency and functional use
  • Straightforward explanations with minimum linguistic jargon and terminology, explaining the key issues

Packed throughout with symbols, tables, diagrams, and illustrative examples, this book is essential reading for anyone in the early years of studying the language.

Introduction xvii
The Aim of this Book xvii
Why Learn/Teach Grammar? xviii
Is the Arabic Language Difficult to Learn? xviii
The Organization and Content of the Book xx
Background Knowledge Required of the Reader xxi
Transliteration Symbols of Arabic Sounds xxii
Abbreviations xxv
1 Arabic Script and Sounds
1(29)
1.1 Arabic Script: The Alphabet
2(3)
1.2 Arabic Sounds
5(8)
1.2.1 Vowels and Grammatical Vowel Endings
5(3)
1.2.2 Consonants
8(2)
1.2.3 Variations in Consonants and Vowels
10(2)
1.2.4 Diphthongs and other Sound Combinations
12(1)
1.3 Gemination
13(2)
1.4 Stress
15(2)
1.4.1 Presence of a Long Vowel
15(1)
1.4.2 Presence of Two Long Vowels
16(1)
1.4.3 Absence of a Long Vowel
16(1)
1.5 Spelling Variations of `alif
17(1)
1.6 taa' marbuu Ta
18(2)
1.7 Definiteness
20(3)
1.8 Formal MSA vs. Informal MSA
23(1)
1.9 Helping Vowels and Dropping the hamza of the Definite Article
24(3)
1.9.1 The fatHa Helping Vowel [ a]
25(1)
1.9.2 The Damma Helping Vowel [ u]
25(1)
1.9.3 The kasra Helping Vowel [ i]
26(1)
1.10 Dropping the hamza and `alif Seat of the Definite Article in Writing
27(1)
1.11 Summary
28(2)
2 Word Structure
30(33)
2.1 The Basic Components of the Arabic Word: Root and Pattern
30(6)
2.2 Gender
36(10)
2.2.1 Gender in Verbs
36(2)
2.2.2 Gender in Nouns
38(5)
2.2.3 Gender in Adjectives
43(3)
2.3 Number
46(15)
2.3.1 The Dual
46(4)
2.3.2 The Plural
50(1)
2.3.2.1 Regular/Sound Plural Masculine
51(2)
2.3.2.2 Regular/Sound Plural Feminine
53(4)
2.3.2.3 Irregular/Broken Plural
57(4)
2.4 Summary
61(2)
3 Noun Phrase Structure
63(14)
3.1 Noun-adjective Phrase
63(6)
3.1.1 Real Attributive Adjective
64(3)
3.1.2 Causative Attributive Adjective
67(2)
3.2 Demonstrative Phrase
69(1)
3.3 `iDaafa Phrase
70(5)
3.4 Adjective `iDaafa Phrase
75(1)
3.5 Summary
76(1)
4 Sentence Structure
77(27)
4.1 The Verbal Sentence
77(13)
4.1.1 Basic Structure of the Verbal Sentence
77(1)
4.1.2 Verb-Subject Agreement
78(2)
4.1.3 Tenses of the Verbal Sentence
80(1)
4.1.3.1 The Simple Present Tense and its Negation
80(1)
4.1.3.2 The Present Continuous Tense and its Negation
81(1)
4.1.3.3 The Present Perfect Tense and its Negation
82(1)
4.1.3.4 The Simple Past Tense and its Negation
83(1)
4.1.3.5 The Past Continuous Tense and its Negation
84(1)
4.1.3.6 The Habitual Past Tense and its Negation
85(1)
4.1.3.7 The Past Perfect Tense and its Negation
86(1)
4.1.3.8 The Simple Future Tense and its Negation
87(1)
4.1.3.9 The Future Continuous Tense and its Negation
88(1)
4.1.3.10 The Future Perfect Tense and its Negation
89(1)
4.2 The Nominal Sentence
90(12)
4.2.1 Structure of the Nominal Sentence
90(1)
4.2.1.1 Nominal Sentences Containing a Verb Predicate
90(1)
4.2.1.2 Nominal/Verbless Sentences Containing an Indefinite Predicate
91(1)
4.2.1.3 Nominal/Verbless Sentences Containing a Definite Predicate
92(1)
4.2.1.4 Nominal Sentences Containing an Indefinite Subject
93(1)
4.2.1.5 Nominal Sentences Containing a Sentence Predicate
94(1)
4.2.1.6 Nominal Sentences Containing a Clause Subject
95(1)
4.2.2 Negation of Nominal Sentences
95(2)
4.2.3 The Past Tense of the Nominal Sentence and its Negation
97(1)
4.2.4 The Future Tense of the Nominal Sentence and its Negation
98(1)
4.2.5 Kaana and its Sisters
99(1)
4.2.6 `inna and its Sisters
100(2)
4.3 Summary
102(2)
5 Pronouns
104(15)
5.1 Personal Pronouns
105(1)
5.2 Object Pronouns
105(3)
5.3 Possessive Pronouns
108(1)
5.4 Demonstrative Pronouns
109(2)
5.5 Relative Pronouns and the Definite Relative Clause
111(2)
5.6 Dropping of Relative Pronouns and the Indefinite Relative Clause
113(1)
5.7 The Particles maa and man Functioning as Relative Pronouns
114(1)
5.8 Sound Changes to Pronoun and Word Endings
115(3)
5.9 Summary
118(1)
6 Prepositions
119(13)
6.1 Basic meanings and Use of Prepositions
119(7)
6.1.1 min "from"
120(1)
6.1.2 `ilaa "to," "until"
120(1)
6.1.3 can "from," "off," "about," "instead of"
121(1)
6.1.4 calaa "on," "about," "for"
121(1)
6.1.5 "in," "at," "on"
122(1)
6.1.6 hattaa "up to," "until"
122(1)
6.1.7 mundhu "for," "since"
123(1)
6.1.8 bi- "by," "in," "on," "for"
123(1)
6.1.9 "for," "of," "to"
124(1)
6.1.10 ka- "like," "such as"
124(1)
6.1.11 maa "with," "at," "along"
125(1)
6.1.12 wa- "by," "with," "at"
125(1)
6.2 Idiomatic Usage and Expressions Involving Prepositions
126(1)
6.3 Occurrence with Pronoun Suffixes and Resulting Sound Changes
126(4)
6.4 Summary
130(2)
7 Question Words and Question Formation
132(11)
7.1 Question Formation and Question Words
132(10)
7.1.1 bal "Yes/No" Question Word
133(1)
7.1.2 "Yes/No" Question Particle
133(2)
7.1.3 man "Who" Question Word
135(1)
7.1.4 maa "What" Question Word
135(1)
7.1.5 maadhaa "What" Question Word
136(1)
7.1.6 limaadhaa "Why" Question Word
137(1)
7.1.7 mataa "When" Question Word
137(1)
7.1.8 `ayna "Where" Question Word
138(1)
7.1.9 kayfa "How" Question Word
138(1)
7.1.10 kam "How Many" Question Word
139(1)
7.1.11 `ayy "Which/Which One" Question Word
140(2)
7.2 Summary
142(1)
8 Adverbs of Time and Place
143(11)
8.1 Adverbs of Time
143(4)
8.2 Adverbs of Place
147(1)
8.3 Words Used as Adverbs of Time or Place
148(1)
8.4 Dropping of Adverbs while Retaining Adverbial Meaning
149(1)
8.5 Occurrence of Adverbs of Time and Place with Prepositions
149(2)
8.6 Expressing Adverbial Meanings by a Preposition Followed by a Noun
151(1)
8.7 Other Uses of Adverbs
152(1)
8.8 Summary
152(2)
9 Adverbs of Manner
154(7)
9.1 Adverbs of Manner Occurring as a Single Word
154(2)
9.2 Adverbs of Manner Occurring as Non-derived Nouns
156(1)
9.3 Adverbs of Manner Occurring as a Phrase
157(1)
9.4 Adverbs of Manner Occurring as a Verbal Sentence
157(1)
9.5 Adverbs of Manner Occurring as a Nominal Sentence
158(1)
9.6 Dropping of Adverbs of Manner with Prepositional and Adverbial Phrases
159(1)
9.7 Summary
160(1)
10 Adverbs of Specification
161(4)
10.1 Adverbs of Specification Clarifying an Ambiguous Word
161(2)
10.2 Adverbs of Specification Clarifying an Ambiguous Verb
163(1)
10.3 Adverbs of Specification Clarifying an Ambiguous (Nominal) Sentence
163(1)
10.4 Summary
164(1)
11 Adverbs of Cause
165(4)
11.1 Adverbs of Cause Occurring as Indefinite Singular Verbal Noun/Gerund
165(1)
11.2 Adverbs of Cause Occurring as an `iDaafa Phrase
166(1)
11.3 Other Ways of Expressing Adverbs of Cause
166(2)
11.4 Summary
168(1)
12 Adverbs of Emphasis/Cognate Accusative
169(5)
12.1 Adverbs of Emphasis Emphasizing a Verb/Action or a Word in a Sentence
169(1)
12.2 Other Uses of Adverbs of Emphasis
170(1)
12.3 Adverbs of Emphasis Emphasizing a Sentence
171(1)
12.4 Adverbs of Emphasis Occurring as an `iDaafa Phrase
172(1)
12.5 Dropping Adverbs of Emphasis
172(1)
12.6 Summary
173(1)
13 The Verb
174(63)
13.1 Common Triliteral Verb Forms
174(4)
13.1.1 Form I
175(3)
13.1.2 Forms II-X
178(1)
13.2 Meanings of the Common Triliteral Verb Forms
178(9)
13.2.1 Meanings of Form I Verbs
179(1)
13.2.2 Meanings of Form II Verbs
180(1)
13.2.3 Meanings of Form III Verbs
180(1)
13.2.4 Meanings of Form IV Verbs
181(1)
13.2.5 Meanings of Form V Verbs
181(1)
13.2.6 Meanings of Form VI Verbs
181(1)
13.2.7 Meanings of Form VII Verbs
182(1)
13.2.8 Meanings of Form VIII Verbs
182(1)
13.2.9 Meanings of Form IX Verbs
183(1)
13.2.10 Meanings of Form X Verbs
183(1)
13.2.11 Deriving Forms II-X from Form I Verbs
184(2)
13.2.12 Triliteral Verb Form XI
186(1)
13.3 Common Quadriliteral Verb Forms
187(2)
13.4 Categories of Arabic Verbs and Conjugations
189(23)
13.4.1 Conjugation of Sound Verbs
189(3)
13.4.2 Conjugation of Geminated Verbs
192(1)
13.4.3 Conjugation of hamzated Verbs
193(2)
13.4.4 Conjugation of Assimilated Verbs
195(2)
13.4.5 Conjugation of Hollow Verbs
197(6)
13.4.6 Conjugation of Defective Verbs
203(7)
13.4.7 Conjugation of Non-separated, Double Weak Verbs
210(1)
13.4.8 Conjugation of Separated, Double Weak Verbs
211(1)
13.5 The Imperative
212(15)
13.5.1 Imperative of Form I (Triliteral Verbs)
212(2)
13.5.2 Imperative of Forms II-III (Triliteral Verbs)
214(1)
13.5.3 Imperative of Form IV (Triliteral Verbs)
215(1)
13.5.4 Imperative of Forms V-VI (Triliteral Verbs)
216(1)
13.5.5 Imperative of Forms VII-VIII and X (Triliteral Verbs)
217(1)
13.5.6 Imperative of Quadriliteral Verbs (Form
218(1)
13.5.7 Imperative of Derived Quadriliteral Verbs
219(1)
13.5.8 Imperative of hamzated Verbs
220(1)
13.5.9 Imperative of Geminated Verbs
220(2)
13.5.10 Imperative of Assimilated Verbs
222(1)
13.5.11 Imperative of Hollow Verbs
223(1)
13.5.12 Imperative of Defective Verbs
224(2)
13.5.13 Imperative of Non-separated, Double Weak Verbs
226(1)
13.5.14 Imperative of Separated, Double Weak Verbs
226(1)
13.5.15 Imperative of Two Common Irregular Verbs
227(1)
13.6 The Negative Imperative
227(2)
13.7 The Passive Voice
229(7)
13.7.1 The Past-tense Passive Voice
229(4)
13.7.2 The Present-tense Passive Voice
233(3)
13.8 Summary
236(1)
14 The Noun
237(24)
14.1 The Non-derived Noun
237(1)
14.2 The Verbal Noun
238(3)
14.2.1 Verbal Nouns of Form I Verbs
238(1)
14.2.2 Verbal Nouns of Forms II-X Verbs
239(1)
14.2.3 Verbal Noun Use
240(1)
14.3 The Active Participle
241(3)
14.3.1 Active Participle Use
243(1)
14.4 The Passive Participle
244(2)
14.4.1 Passive Participle Use
246(1)
14.5 Nouns of Time and Place
246(4)
14.5.1 Nouns of Time and Place Derived from Form I Verbs
246(3)
14.5.2 Nouns of Time and Place Derived from Forms II-X Verbs
249(1)
14.5.3 Nouns of Time and Place Derived from Nouns
249(1)
14.6 Nouns of Instrument
250(1)
14.7 Nouns of Once
251(3)
14.7.1 Nouns of Once Derived from Form I Verbs
251(1)
14.7.2 Nouns of Once Derived from Forms II-X Verbs
252(2)
14.8 Derived Abstract Nouns
254(1)
14.9 The Diminutive Noun
255(3)
14.9.1 Use of the Diminutive
258(1)
14.10 The Five Nouns
258(2)
14.11 Summary
260(1)
15 The Adjective
261(20)
15.1 Main Adjective Patterns
261(6)
15.1.1 Meanings of Adjective Patterns
267(1)
15.2 Color and Bodily Defect/Beauty Adjective Patterns
267(2)
15.3 Adjective Use
269(1)
15.4 The Comparative and Superlative
270(5)
15.4.1 The Comparative Form
270(2)
15.4.2 The Superlative Forms and
272(1)
15.4.3 The Comparative and Superlative of Derived Words
273(2)
15.5 The Active Participle
275(1)
15.6 The Passive Participle
276(1)
15.7 The Relative/nisba Adjective
277(3)
15.8 Summary
280(1)
16 Quantifiers and Emphasis
281(16)
16.1 Quantifiers
281(12)
16.1.1 "No one" and "Nothing"
281(1)
16.1.2 "Any"
282(1)
16.1.3 "Some"
283(1)
16.1.4 And "A Number of"
284(2)
16.1.5 And and "Many of," "Many," and "Many"
286(1)
16.1.6 "A Few," "A Little"
287(1)
16.1.7 And "Most of"
288(1)
16.1.8 "Every," "All"
288(2)
16.1.9 And "All"
290(1)
16.1.10 "Both M" and "Both F"
291(2)
16.2 Emphasis Words
293(2)
16.3 Other Ways of Expressing Emphasis
295(1)
16.4 Summary
296(1)
17 Conditional Sentences
297(9)
17.1 The Possible/Probable Conditional Sentence
297(5)
17.1.1 Use of Other Structures and Tenses
300(1)
17.1.2 Use of the Particle
300(2)
17.2 The Improbable Conditional Sentence
302(2)
17.2.1 "if"
302(1)
17.2.2 "were it not for"
303(1)
17.3 The Impossible Conditional Sentence
304(1)
17.4 Summary
305(1)
18 Exceptive Sentences
306(7)
18.1 Exceptive Words and Their Use
306(3)
18.1.1 "Except for"
307(1)
18.1.2 And "Except for"
307(1)
18.1.3 And "Except for"
308(1)
18.1.4 And "Except for"
308(1)
18.2 Variations in the Exceptive Structure
309(2)
18.2.1 Use of Negation Preceding
309(1)
18.2.2 Use of Negation Preceding and
309(1)
18.2.3 Use of Negation and Dropping the Noun Preceding
310(1)
18.2.4 Use of Negation and Dropping the Noun Preceding and
310(1)
18.3 The Structure of "Especially"
311(1)
18.4 Summary
312(1)
19 The Vocative
313(7)
19.1 The Vocative Particle
313(4)
19.1.1 The Vocative Noun as a Proper Name
314(1)
19.1.2 The Vocative Noun as an Indefinite Noun with Reference
314(1)
19.1.3 The Vocative Noun as an Indefinite Noun without Reference
314(1)
19.1.4 The Vocative Noun as an `iDaafa phrase
315(1)
19.1.5 Use of More than One Vocative Noun
315(1)
19.1.6 Use of an Adjective Following the Vocative Noun
316(1)
19.2 Dropping the Vocative Particle
317(1)
19.3 Optative Use of the Vocative Particle
317(1)
19.4 Derogatory Use of the Vocative Particle
317(1)
19.5 The Vocative Particles and
318(1)
19.6 Summary
318(2)
20 Exclamation
320(7)
20.1 Two Regular Expressions and
320(4)
20.1.1 Exclamation of Form I Verbs
320(2)
20.1.2 Exclamation of Derived Verbs and Words
322(1)
20.1.3 Use of the Particles and with and
323(1)
20.2 Use of the Vocative Particle and the Exclamation Particle
324(1)
20.3 Use of Certain Question Words and Phrases
325(1)
20.4 Summary
326(1)
21 Apposition
327(8)
21.1 Types of Apposition Nouns
328(3)
21.1.1 Whole Noun-Noun Apposition
328(1)
21.1.2 Partial Noun-Noun Apposition
328(1)
21.1.3 Inclusive Noun-Noun Apposition
329(1)
21.1.4 Mistaken Noun-Noun Apposition
330(1)
21.2 Definiteness Agreement within Noun-Noun Apposition
331(1)
21.3 Use of "Son" and the Noun Following it as an Apposition Noun
331(2)
21.4 Summary
333(2)
22 Triptote, Diptote, and Indeclinable/Invariable
335(16)
22.1 The Indeclinable/Invariable
335(3)
22.2 The Declinable
338(12)
22.2.1 Mood Endings on Present/Imperfect Verbs
338(1)
22.2.2 Case Endings on Nouns and Adjectives
339(4)
22.2.3 Diptotes
343(5)
22.2.4 Occurrence of Diptotes as Triptotes
348(2)
22.3 Summary
350(1)
References and Further Reading (in Arabic) 351(1)
Appendix A The Geometric Basis of Arabic Numerals 352(1)
Appendix B The Writing of the hamza 353(9)
Appendix C The Phoenician Alphabet 362(1)
Appendix D Identifying the Root and Looking up Words in the Dictionary 363(9)
Appendix E The Number Phrase 372(11)
English Index 383(6)
Arabic Index 389
Mohammad T. Alhawary is Associate Professor of Arabic Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition at the University of Michigan, where he teaches courses on both Arabic language and Arabic theoretical and applied linguistics at the undergraduate and graduate levels.