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Molded Optics: Design and Manufacture [Kõva köide]

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, (FLIR Systems, Boston, Massachusetts, USA), , (University of Arizona, Tucson, USA), (Light Path Technologies, Orlando, Florida, USA)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 268 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 521 g, 25 Tables, black and white; 131 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Optics and Optoelectronics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Apr-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439832560
  • ISBN-13: 9781439832561
Teised raamatud teemal:
Molded Optics: Design and ManufactureSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 268 pages, kõrgus x laius: 234x156 mm, kaal: 521 g, 25 Tables, black and white; 131 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sari: Series in Optics and Optoelectronics
  • Ilmumisaeg: 21-Apr-2011
  • Kirjastus: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1439832560
  • ISBN-13: 9781439832561
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9781439832561.html
Märksõnad:
Contributors from American companies and a university provide information on designing molded optics and systems using them, but also details of their manufacture, because understanding the manufacturing process is necessary in order to develop cost-effective, producible designs. They cover optical design, visual optics, stray light control for molded optics, molded plastic and glass optics, molded infrared optics, and testing molded optics. Annotation ©2011 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

While several available texts discuss molded plastic optics, none provide information on all classes of molded optics. Filling this gap, Molded Optics: Design and Manufacture presents detailed descriptions of molded plastic, glass, and infrared optics. Since an understanding of the manufacturing process is necessary to develop cost-effective, producible designs, the book extensively covers various manufacturing methods, design guidelines, trade-offs, best practices, and testing of critical parameters. It also discusses topics that often arise when designing systems with molded optics, such as mitigating stray light and mating systems by eye.

The first three chapters of the book focus on subjects important to the design of systems using molded optics: optical design, visual optics, and stray light. Following these background chapters, the text provides in-depth information on the design and manufacture of molded plastic optics, molded glass optics, and molded infrared optics. The final chapter on testing emphasizes the special characteristics of molded optics.

Experts in their particular areas, the authors draw on their considerable knowledge and real-world experiences to give a thorough account of the design and manufacture of molded plastic, glass, and infrared optics. The book will help readers improve their ability to develop systems that employ molded optics.

Preface ix
Authors xi
1 Optical Design
1(36)
Michael Schaub
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Optical Materials
2(2)
1.3 Geometric Optics
4(6)
1.3.1 First-Order Optics
4(3)
1.3.2 Pupils and Stops
7(1)
1.3.3 Snell's Law and Ray Tracing
8(2)
1.4 Aberrations
10(9)
1.4.1 Spherical Aberration
11(1)
1.4.2 Coma
12(2)
1.4.3 Astigmatism
14(1)
1.4.4 Petzval Curvature
15(1)
1.4.5 Distortion
16(1)
1.4.6 Axial Color
16(2)
1.4.7 Lateral Color
18(1)
1.4.8 Chromatic Variation of Aberrations
18(1)
1.5 Optical Design with Molded Optics
19(5)
1.6 Optical Surfaces
24(9)
1.6.1 Aspheric Surfaces
24(4)
1.6.2 Diffractive Surf aces
28(5)
1.7 Tolerancing and Performance Prediction
33(4)
1.7.1 Tolerance Sensitivity Analysis
33(1)
1.7.2 Monte Carlo Analysis
33(1)
1.7.3 Image Simulation
34(1)
References
34(3)
2 Visual Optics
37(34)
Jim Schwiegerling
2.1 Introduction
37(1)
2.2 The Human Eye and Visual System
38(5)
2.3 Photopic Response and Colorimetry
43(12)
2.4 Chromatic Aberration
55(2)
2.5 Resolution and Contrast
57(4)
2.6 Head-Mounted Display Example
61(7)
2.7 Summary
68(3)
References
69(2)
3 Stray Light Control for Molded Optics
71(56)
Eric Fest
4 Molded Plastic Optics
127(38)
Michael Schaub
4.1 Introduction
127(1)
4.2 Materials
128(6)
4.3 Manufacturing
134(14)
4.3.1 Injection Molding Machines
134(1)
4.3.2 Injection Molds
135(6)
4.3.3 Injection Molding Process
141(4)
4.3.4 Secondary Operations
145(1)
4.3.5 Tolerances
146(1)
4.3.6 Injection-Compression Molding
147(1)
4.4 Design of Molded Plastic Optics
148(15)
4.4.1 Design Considerations
148(7)
4.4.2 Cell Phone Camera Example
155(4)
4.4.3 Prototyping
159(3)
4.4.4 Production
162(1)
4.5 Future of Molded Plastic Optics
163(2)
References
163(2)
5 Molded Glass Optics
165(36)
Alan Symmons
5.1 Introduction
166(1)
5.2 History of Precision Glass Molding
167(2)
5.3 Moldable Glass
169(9)
5.3.1 Moldable Glasses
169(6)
5.3.2 Glass Properties
175(1)
5.3.3 Environmental Concerns
176(1)
5.3.4 Glass Manufacturers
176(2)
5.4 Glass Preforms
178(5)
5.4.1 Spherical or Ball Preforms
178(2)
5.4.2 Gob Preforms
180(1)
5.4.3 Other Preforms
181(1)
5.4.4 Preform Selection
182(1)
5.5 The Precision Glass Molding Process
183(9)
5.5.1 Press Molding Equipment
184(1)
5.5.1.1 Transfer Molding
185(1)
5.5.1.2 Vacuum Molding
185(1)
5.5.2 Molding Classifications
186(1)
5.5.2.1 Ultra-Low Tg Glass Molding
187(1)
5.5.2.2 Low Tg Glass Molding
188(1)
5.5.2.3 High Tg Glass Molding
189(1)
5.5.2.4 Other Molding Processes
189(1)
5.5.3 Mold Design
190(1)
5.5.4 Mold Coating
190(1)
5.5.5 Process Classifications
191(1)
5.5.5.1 Volumetric Molding
191(1)
5.5.5.2 Nonvolumetric Molding
192(1)
5.5.6 Insert Molding
192(1)
5.6 Postprocessing
192(3)
5.6.1 Centering and Edging
193(1)
5.6.2 Dicing and Nontraditional Grinding
194(1)
5.6.3 Postprocessing versus Integral Molding
195(1)
5.7 Design
195(3)
5.7.1 Refractive Index Shift
196(2)
5.7.2 Diffractives
198(1)
5.8 AR Coating
198(1)
5.9 Summary
198(3)
References
199(2)
6 Molded Infrared Optics
201(32)
R. Hamilton Shepard
6.1 Introduction
201(1)
6.2 Using Molded Optics in the Short-Wave Infrared
202(2)
6.3 Manufacturing Considerations for Molded Infrared Optics
204(5)
6.4 Design Considerations for Molded Infrared Lenses
209(20)
6.4.1 Chromatic Properties of Molded Infrared Materials
211(3)
6.4.2 Considerations When Using Diffractive Surfaces
214(1)
6.4.3 Mid-Wave Infrared Applications for Molded Infrared Optics
215(1)
6.4.4 Long-Wave Infrared Applications for Molded Infrared Optics
216(2)
6.4.4.1 The Molded Infrared Retrofocus Lens
218(6)
6.4.4.2 The Molded Infrared Petzval Lens
224(5)
6.5 Concluding Remarks
229(4)
References
231(2)
7 Testing Molded Optics
233(16)
Michael Schaub
Eric Fest
7.1 Introduction
233(1)
7.2 Molded Optical Components
234(9)
7.2.1 Surface Form
234(1)
7.2.1.1 Interferometry
234(4)
7.2.1.2 Profilometry
238(1)
7.2.2 Surface Position
239(1)
7.2.2.1 Mechanical Run-Out
240(1)
7.2.2.2 Optical Run-Out
240(1)
7.2.2.3 Surface Features
241(1)
7.2.3 Diffractive Surface Features
241(1)
7.2.4 Materials
242(1)
7.3 Systems Using Molded Optical Components
243(6)
7.3.1 Stray Light Testing
243(1)
7.3.1.1 Solar Tests
243(2)
7.3.1.2 Veiling Glare Test
245(1)
7.3.2 Diffraction Efficiency
246(1)
References
247(2)
Index 249
Michael Schaub is an optical engineer and founder of Schaub Optical LLC, an optical engineering consulting business based in Tucson, Arizona. He also works for a major defense company designing and developing visible, infrared, and laser-based electro-optical systems. Dr. Schaub has over 15 years experience in the design, development, and production of systems utilizing molded plastic optics. He earned a Ph.D. in optical sciences from the University of Arizona.

Jim Schwiegerling is a professor in the College of Optical Sciences at the University of Arizona. Dr. Schwiegerling has done extensive research and development in the area of ophthalmic instrumentation and ocular metrology. His research interests include wavefront sensing, corneal topography, and the design of diffractive, extended depth of field and variable power lenses.

Eric C. Fest is the founder of Phobos Optics LLC, an optical engineering consulting firm in Tucson, Arizona. He also works for a major defense company designing and developing visible, infrared, and laser-based electro-optical systems. Dr. Fest has 17 years of experience in stray-light and optical scattering analysis. He earned a Ph.D. in optics from the University of Arizona.

Alan Symmons is the vice president of corporate engineering for LightPath Technologies, a worldwide leader in the design and manufacture of precision glass molded optics. Prior to joining LightPath, Mr. Symmons worked at Aurora Optical, Donnelly Optics, and Applied Image Group/Optics. He earned a B.S.M.E from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and an M.B.A from the University of Arizona.

R. Hamilton Shepard is a senior optical engineer at FLIR Systems in Boston, Massachusetts. Dr. Shepard is involved with EO/IR sensor development, specializing in optical systems engineering, lens design, and stray light analysis. He earned a Ph.D. in optical sciences from the University of Arizona.