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xi | |
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xiii | |
Introductory remarks |
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1 | (6) |
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1 The theory of money: basic concepts, part I |
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7 | (24) |
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7 | (3) |
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1.1.1 On the nature, creation, and distribution of money |
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7 | (2) |
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1.1.2 On money and prices |
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9 | (1) |
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1.1.3 On inflation, growth, and financial and economic crises |
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10 | (1) |
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1.2 Can we do without money? |
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10 | (6) |
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1.2.1 Religious organizations |
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12 | (1) |
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1.2.2 Firms: the invisible, visible, and vanishing hand |
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13 | (1) |
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1.2.3 Post-scarcity societies |
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14 | (2) |
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1.3 Money, markets, and value |
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16 | (15) |
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1.3.1 Economic and financial instability |
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16 | (5) |
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1.3.2 The Quantity Theory of Money |
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21 | (1) |
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1.3.3 Capitalists, wage earners, and money |
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22 | (1) |
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1.3.4 Are free markets really self-regulating? |
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23 | (1) |
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1.3.5 Local and global interactions and their role in determining prices |
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23 | (2) |
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1.3.6 Asset pricing in financial markets |
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25 | (1) |
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1.3.7 Pricing goods and services in competitive markets |
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26 | (1) |
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1.3.8 Value and the segmentation of the economy |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (2) |
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2 The theory of money: basic concepts part II |
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31 | (12) |
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2.1 Do we need a theory of money? |
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31 | (1) |
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2.2 Operationalism and theories of money |
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32 | (3) |
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2.3 The concept of stock-flow consistency |
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35 | (1) |
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2.4 Money and macroeconomics |
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35 | (4) |
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2.5 A framework for understanding theories of money |
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39 | (4) |
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2.5.1 The nature of money |
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39 | (1) |
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2.5.2 The creation of money |
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40 | (1) |
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2.5.3 The distribution (or allocation) of money |
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40 | (1) |
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2.5.4 How money is accepted, how it acquires value, and how its value changes over time |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (30) |
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3.1 Some brief remarks on money throughout history |
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43 | (16) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (3) |
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3.1.4 The emergence of a banking system and credit |
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49 | (1) |
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3.1.5 Paper money / banknotes |
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50 | (1) |
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3.1.6 Paper money becomes fiat money |
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51 | (2) |
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3.1.7 Bank deposits / credit money |
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53 | (6) |
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3.2 Alternative forms of money |
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59 | (7) |
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3.2.1 Near-money and the shadow banking system |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (3) |
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3.2.3 Local (alternative) currencies |
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64 | (2) |
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3.3 So just what is money? Metallists and Chartalists |
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66 | (7) |
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70 | (1) |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (10) |
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74 | (4) |
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78 | (5) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (27) |
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5.1 The question of money generation |
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83 | (3) |
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5.2 Creating traditional forms of money |
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86 | (6) |
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5.2.1 Metals and other commodities as money |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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89 | (2) |
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5.2.4 Issuing letters of credit |
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91 | (1) |
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5.3 The creation of bank deposits and the multiplier |
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92 | (6) |
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5.3.1 The verticalist theory of money: banks as intermediaries |
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93 | (2) |
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95 | (3) |
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5.4 The creation of bank deposits and endogenous money generation |
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98 | (4) |
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5.4.1 The horizontalist theory of money: endogenous money generation |
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100 | (1) |
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5.4.2 The nature and function of reserves |
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101 | (1) |
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5.5 Nonconventional ways central banks can create money |
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102 | (2) |
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5.6 Other ways to create money |
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104 | (6) |
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104 | (1) |
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5.6.2 Creating digital cash |
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105 | (1) |
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5.6.3 Creating private digital currencies |
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105 | (1) |
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5.6.4 Creating state-issued digital currencies |
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106 | (1) |
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Appendix 5.A The equations of the multiplier |
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107 | (1) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (2) |
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6 How money acquires value and how that value changes over time |
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110 | (15) |
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6.1 How money gains acceptance |
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110 | (4) |
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6.2 How money acquires value |
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114 | (2) |
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6.3 How the value of money changes: the elusive concept of inflation |
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116 | (4) |
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6.4 Chartalism and the State Theory of Money |
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120 | (5) |
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Appendix 6.A An overview of differential geometry |
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121 | (2) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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7 Money: how it's distributed |
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125 | (21) |
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7.1 The question of the distribution of money |
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125 | (10) |
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7.1.1 The allocation of money |
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126 | (1) |
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7.1.2 Assets and liabilities |
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127 | (2) |
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7.1.3 Financing the state |
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129 | (1) |
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7.1.4 The distribution of coins |
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129 | (1) |
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7.1.5 The allocation of banknotes |
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130 | (1) |
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7.1.6 The allocation of reserves |
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131 | (1) |
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7.1.7 The "distribution" (opening) of bank deposits |
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132 | (3) |
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7.2 Who gets the (new) money? |
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135 | (3) |
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7.2.1 Conventional ways to distribute (new) money |
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135 | (1) |
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7.2.2 Unconventional ways to distribute (new) money: QE, QEP, HM, FM TDBs |
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136 | (2) |
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7.3 Persuading the sceptics: loans and bank deposits |
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138 | (3) |
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7.4 Closing considerations on the role of commercial banks in allocating money |
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141 | (5) |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (32) |
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8.1 Money and classical economic theory |
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146 | (3) |
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8.2 The Theory of the Circuit of Money |
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149 | (11) |
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8.2.1 Classical Circuitism |
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149 | (4) |
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8.2.2 The changing landscape of borrowing |
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153 | (4) |
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8.2.3 Circuitism revisited |
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157 | (3) |
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8.3 Puzzles: the declining velocity of money and missing inflation |
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160 | (4) |
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164 | (5) |
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8.4.1 Economic growth in advanced societies |
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165 | (1) |
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8.4.2 How do we measure economic output? |
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165 | (3) |
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8.4.3 Macroeconomics in the age of complexity |
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168 | (1) |
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8.5 Economic and financial instabilities |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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8.7 Stock-Flow Consistent models |
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172 | (6) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (3) |
Concluding remarks |
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178 | (3) |
Index |
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181 | |