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Morphosyntax of Gender [Kõva köide]

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(Assistant Professor, Georgetown University)
  • Formaat: Hardback, 306 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 240x177x24 mm, kaal: 610 g
  • Sari: Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 58
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199679932
  • ISBN-13: 9780199679935
Teised raamatud teemal:
Morphosyntax of GenderSuurem pilt
  • Formaat: Hardback, 306 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 240x177x24 mm, kaal: 610 g
  • Sari: Oxford Studies in Theoretical Linguistics 58
  • Ilmumisaeg: 20-Aug-2015
  • Kirjastus: Oxford University Press
  • ISBN-10: 0199679932
  • ISBN-13: 9780199679935
Teised raamatud teemal:
Püsilink: https://www.kriso.ee/db/9780199679935.html
Märksõnad:
This book presents a new cross-linguistic analysis of gender and its effects on morphosyntax. It addresses questions including the syntactic location of gender features; the role of natural gender; and the relationship between syntactic gender features and the morphological realization of gender. Ruth Kramer argues that gender features are syntactically located on then head ('little n'), which serves to nominalize category-neutral roots. Those gender features are either interpretable, as in the case of natural gender, or uninterpretable, like the gender of an inanimate noun in Spanish. Adopting Distributed Morphology, the book lays out how the gender features on n map onto the gender features relevant for morphological exponence.

The analysis is supported by an in-depth case study of Amharic, which poses challenges for previous gender analyses and provides clear support for gender onn. The proposals generate a typology of two- and three-gender systems, with the various types illustrated using data from a genetically diverse set of languages. Finally, further evidence for gender being onn is provided from case studies of Somali and Romanian, as well as from the relationship between gender and other linguistic phenomena including derived nouns and declension class. Overall, the book provides one of the first large-scale, cross-linguistically-oriented, theoretical approaches to the morphosyntax of gender.
General preface ix
Acknowledgments x
List of figures and tables
xii
List of abbreviations
xiii
1 Introduction
1(13)
1.1 Major themes
1(2)
1.2 Frameworks: Minimalism and Distributed Morphology
3(7)
1.2.1 Setting the scene
3(1)
1.2.2 A little Minimalism, a lot of DM
4(3)
1.2.3 Lexical decomposition
7(2)
1.2.4 Summary
9(1)
1.3 Limitations
10(1)
1.4 The lay of the land: chapter previews
11(3)
2 The Amharic gender system and previous approaches to gender
14(23)
2.1 Introduction
14(1)
2.2 Gender in Amharic
14(9)
2.2.1 The facts
15(5)
2.2.2 Summary, typology, diachrony
20(3)
2.3 The morphosyntax of gender: previous approaches
23(14)
2.3.1 GenP and NumP
24(2)
2.3.2 Gender on the noun: lexicalism
26(6)
2.3.3 Gender on the noun: Distributed Morphology
32(5)
3 A n analysis of gender
37(28)
3.1 Introduction
37(1)
3.2 The morphosyntax of gender: a new approach
37(5)
3.3 Further evidence for n as the locus of gender
42(7)
3.4 Licensing conditions and interpretability: refining the analysis
49(14)
3.4.1 Licensing conditions
50(7)
3.4.2 The interpretability of gender features
57(6)
3.5 Conclusion
63(2)
4 Defining gender
65(7)
4.1 What gender is, and what gender isn't
65(6)
4.1.1 Classifiers and declension class are not genders
67(1)
4.1.2 Noun class and pronominal gender are gender
68(1)
4.1.3 Gender is not like other phi-features
69(2)
4.2 Conclusion
71(1)
5 Case study 1: Two genders, three ns
72(17)
5.1 Introduction
72(1)
5.2 Masculine default or feminine default
73(9)
5.2.1 Masculine default: Dieri
74(5)
5.2.2 Feminine default: Zayse and Zargulla
79(3)
5.3 Animacy-based gender systems and a negative prediction
82(6)
5.3.1 Introduction
82(2)
5.3.2 The gender system of Lealao Chinantec: description
84(2)
5.3.3 The gender system of Lealao Chinantec: analysis
86(2)
5.4 Conclusion
88(1)
6 Case study 2: Adding an uninterpretable gender feature
89(27)
6.1 Introduction
89(1)
6.2 Uninterpretable feminine gender: Spanish
90(9)
6.2.1 The gender system of Spanish: description
90(5)
6.2.2 The gender system of Spanish: analysis
95(3)
6.2.3 Comparing Spanish and Amharic
98(1)
6.3 Uninterpretable masculine gender: Maa
99(6)
6.3.1 The gender system of Maa: description
100(4)
6.3.2 The gender system of Maa: analysis
104(1)
6.4 Uninterpretable animacy: Algonquian
105(9)
6.4.1 The gender system of Algonquian: description
105(5)
6.4.2 The gender system of Algonquian: analysis
110(4)
6.5 Conclusion
114(2)
7 Case study 3: Three-gender languages
116(31)
7.1 Introduction
116(1)
7.2 Three genders, three ns: Mangarayi
116(5)
7.2.1 The gender system of Mangarayi: description
117(1)
7.2.2 The gender system of Mangarayi: analysis
118(3)
7.3 Three genders, one uninterpretable feature: Wari'
121(8)
7.3.1 The gender system of Wari': description
123(2)
7.3.2 The gender system of Wari': analysis
125(4)
7.4 Three genders, two uninterpretable features: Lavukaleve
129(10)
7.4.1 The gender system of Lavukaleve: description
131(2)
7.4.2 The gender system of Lavukaleve: analysis
133(5)
7.4.3 Conclusion: Lavukaleve
138(1)
7.5 Conclusion
139(1)
7.6 Excursus: default gender in three-gender languages
140(7)
7.6.1 Default gender in Mangarayi, Wari', and Lavukaleve
141(1)
7.6.2 Default gender in Russian, Icelandic, and Tamil
142(3)
7.6.3 Suggestions for analysis and conclusion
145(2)
8 Gender is not on Num: Evidence from Somali and Romanian
147(38)
8.1 Introduction
147(1)
8.2 Gender switch in Somali: all plurals are n
148(18)
8.2.1 Gender in Somali: description and analysis
149(2)
8.2.2 The plural system of Somali
151(4)
8.2.3 Plurality is on n in Somali: evidence
155(4)
8.2.4 Somali plural system: analysis
159(5)
8.2.5 Alternative analyses and conclusions
164(2)
8.3 Gender switch in Romanian: the neuter is real
166(17)
8.3.1 The Romanian gender system
166(3)
8.3.2 The analysis of Romanian gender
169(8)
8.3.3 Alternative analyses
177(6)
8.3.4 Interim conclusion
183(1)
8.4 Conclusion
183(2)
9 Gender and nominalizations
185(28)
9.1 Introduction
185(1)
9.2 Nominalizations are gendered: data
185(7)
9.2.1 Theoretical background
185(2)
9.2.2 Various types of nominalizations are gendered
187(3)
9.2.3 All of the gender-relevant ns can nominalize
190(2)
9.3 Nominalizations are gendered: predictions
192(13)
9.3.1 Derived nouns without n
193(3)
9.3.2 One gender, many exponents
196(4)
9.3.3 Nominalizations in an animacy gender system
200(4)
9.3.4 Interim summary
204(1)
9.4 Two problems (and their solutions)
205(7)
9.4.1 Gender features exponed separately?
205(4)
9.4.2 Same nominalization, different genders?
209(3)
9.5 Conclusion
212(1)
10 The highest gender wins and the interaction of gender and declension class
213(32)
10.1 Introduction
213(1)
10.2 May the highest gender win: gender and multiple ns
213(14)
10.2.1 The highest gender wins: data
214(6)
10.2.2 A cyclicity explanation for the highest gender hypothesis
220(6)
10.2.3 Conclusion and implications
226(1)
10.3 A diminutive digression
227(6)
10.4 Declension class and gender
233(11)
10.4.1 Background
233(2)
10.4.2 Spanish declension class: a case study
235(8)
10.4.3 Summary, and directions of correlations
243(1)
10.5 Conclusion
244(1)
11 Conclusion
245(12)
11.1 Putting it all together
245(5)
11.1.1 Question A: Gender on n
245(2)
11.1.2 Question B: The relationship between natural and arbitrary gender
247(1)
11.1.3 Question C: Gender assignment
248(2)
11.1.4 Evidence for Distributed Morphology
250(1)
11.2 Areas of future research
250(6)
11.2.1 Phonologically determined gender assignment
250(1)
11.2.2 Languages with more than three genders
251(2)
11.2.3 The role of social factors
253(1)
11.2.4 Languages that lack gender
254(2)
11.3 Meta-conclusion
256(1)
References 257(24)
Index of languages and language families 281(3)
Subject index 284
Ruth Kramer is Assistant Professor of Linguistics at Georgetown University. She received her doctorate in 2009 from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Her research focuses on the syntax-morphology interface, especially phi features, clitics, and agreement, and she also specializes in the morphosyntax of the Ethiosemitic language Amharic. Her publications include articles in Lingua, Language Sciences, The Journal of Afroasiatic Languages, Syntax, Linguistic Inquiry, and Natural Language and Linguistic Theory.