Motion Correction in MR: Correction of Position, Motion, and Dynamic Changes, Volume Eight provides a comprehensive survey of the state-of-the-art in motion detection and correction in magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The book describes the problem of correctly and consistently identifying and positioning the organ of interest and tracking it throughout the scan. The basic principles of how image artefacts arise because of position changes during scanning are described, along with retrospective and prospective techniques for eliminating these artefacts, including classical approaches and methods using machine learning.
Internal navigator-based approaches as well as external systems for estimating motion are also presented, along with practical applications in each organ system and each MR modality covered. This book provides a technical basis for physicists and engineers to develop motion correction methods, giving guidance to technologists and radiologists for incorporating these methods in patient examinations.
- Provides approaches for correcting scans prospectively and retrospectively
- Shows how motion and secondary effects such as field changes manifest in MR scans as artifacts and subtle biases in quantitative research
- Gives methods for measuring motion and associated field changes, quantifying motion and judging the accuracy of the motion and field estimates
Part 1: Motion in MR scans 1. Clinical Impact: Why do Patients Move?
2. Impact of Motion on Research Studies
3. Cost Economy of Motion
4. Physical and Pharmacologic Solutions
5. Psychosocial Solutions
Part 2: Consistent Anatomical Selection
6. Automatically Detecting Anatomy
7. Anatomical Coordinate Systems
Part 3: Scan Quality and Motion Metrics
8. Metrics for Motion and MR Quality Assessment
9. Digital and Physical Phantoms for Motion Simulation
10. Analytics/Modality Log Files
Part 4: Dynamic Effects that Compromise Scan Quality in MRI
11. Types of Motion
12. Other Dynamic Changes
Part 5: Methods of Detecting Motion and Associated Field Changes in Real Time 13. External Trackers
14. k-Space Navigators
15. Image-Space Navigators
16. Navigators Without Gradients
Part 6: Retrospective Correction
17. Retrospective Correction of Motion in Images
18. Effects of Motion on Acceleration Techniques
19. Retrospective Correction of Secondary Effects of Motion
20. Machine Learning
Part 7: Prospective Correction
21. Prospective Real-Time Motion Correction and Reacquisition
22. Prospective B0 Correction
Part 8: Clinical Applications Beyond the Brain
23. Body Imaging
24. Musculoskeletal Imaging
25. Cardiac Imaging
Part 9: Technical Applications by Method 26. Spectroscopy, CEST and MT
27. High Resolution Structural Brain Imaging
28. Amplified MR and Physiological Motion
29. Diffusion Imaging
30. Non-Cartesian Imaging
31. Functional MRI
Part 10: Special Applications 32. Fetal and Placental Imaging
33. Neonatal and Pediatric Imaging
34. PET/MR
35. Non-Human Imaging
André van der Kouwe, Ph.D. is Associate Professor of Radiology at the Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging in the Department of Radiology of Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Dr. van der Kouwe studied electronic and bioengineering at the University of Pretoria in South Africa where he developed a brain-computer interface using brain electrical evoked signals. He received a Ph.D. in Biomedical Engineering from the Ohio State University, having developed a continuous brain electrophysiology monitoring system for critically ill patients in the neurointensive care unit at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. He completed a research fellowship in magnetic resonance imaging at the Martinos Center where he continues to develop pulse sequences and image reconstruction software for tracking and correcting motion and related effects in magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, along with acquisition methods for brain morphometry and ultra-high resolution brain tissue imaging, which he shares with the research community. Dr. van der Kouwe values his collaboration with colleagues at the Cape Universities Body Imaging Centre at the University of Cape Town who study brain disorders relevant to global health, including the effects on the developing brain of prenatal alcohol exposure and exposure to the human immunodeficiency virus and antiretroviral drugs in neonates and children. Jalal Andre, M.D. is Associate Professor of Radiology at the University of Washington School of Medicine and a practicing diagnostic neuroradiologist who holds current clinical privileges at the Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and the University of Washington, Harborview, and Northwest Medical Centers. He is a Diplomate for the American Board of Radiology and holds a Certificate of Additional Qualification in diagnostic neuroradiology. Dr. Andre received a Doctor of Medicine degree at Drexel University College of Medicine. He completed a preliminary year in internal medicine at Albert Einstein Medical Center in Philadelphia, PA, followed by four-year residency training in diagnostic radiology at Monmouth Medical Center in Long Branch, NJ, and two-year fellowship training in diagnostic neuroradiology at Stanford Medical Center (Stanford, CA), which included collaboration in several translational research projects in diffusion weighted imaging, arterial spin labeling and perfusion weighted imaging. Dr Andres primary research interests have focused on evaluating and quantifying motion in clinical MRI scans, and on perfusion and diffusion-based techniques as applied to cerebrovascular accidents, traumatic brain injury, and primary brain tumors (including glioblastoma). Dr. Andre was the recipient of the 2016 Radiological Society of North Americas Research Scholar Grant for his project entitled, Evaluating the Prevalence, Temporal Etiology, and Cost of Patient Motion During Clinical MR Examinations”.
