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Motor Control: Translating Research into Clinical Practice 6 PAP/PSC

  • Formaat: 718 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 2687x2062x1.25 mm, kaal: 3950 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  • ISBN-10: 197515827X
  • ISBN-13: 9781975158279
Teised raamatud teemal:
  • Formaat: 718 pages, kõrgus x laius x paksus: 2687x2062x1.25 mm, kaal: 3950 g
  • Ilmumisaeg: 16-Mar-2022
  • Kirjastus: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
  • ISBN-10: 197515827X
  • ISBN-13: 9781975158279
Teised raamatud teemal:
This textbook reviews current research in motor control and how to translate it into clinical practice in physical therapy, occupational therapy, kinesiology, and exercise science. It covers theories of motor control, motor learning, and recovery of function after neurological injury, as well as the clinical implications of these theories and the physiological basis of motor control and learning, including the pathophysiology of sensory, motor, and cognitive impairments affecting motor control, then motor control issues in posture and balance, mobility, and upper-extremity function, with discussion of issues related to normal control processes, developmental and age-related issues, abnormal function, and clinical strategies related to assessment and treatment. This edition has new and revised content in all chapters, an updated theoretical framework with recent knowledge in neuroscience, new figures, and a revised chapter on upper-extremity function. Also provided is online access to videos demonstrating the application of concepts to physical therapy and rehabilitation scenarios. Annotation ©2022 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Lippincott® Connect Featured Title  
Motor Control: Translating Research into Clinical Practice, 6th Edition, is the only text that bridges the gap between current and emerging motor control research and its application to clinical practice. Written by leading experts in the field, this classic resource prepares users to effectively assess, evaluate, and treat clients with problems related to postural control, mobility, and upper extremity function using today’s evidence-based best practices.
 
This extensively revised 6th Edition reflects the latest advances in research and features updated images, clinical features, and case studies to ensure a confident transition to practice. Each chapter follows a consistent, straightforward format to simplify studying and reinforce understanding of normal control process issues, age-related issues, research on abnormal function, clinical applications of current research, and evidence to support treatments used in the rehabilitation of patients with motor control problems.
 

Lippincott® Connect Featured Title  
Purchase of the new print edition of this Lippincott® Connect title includes access to the digital version of the book, plus related materials such as videos and multiple-choice Q&A and self-assessments.  

Motor Control: Translating Research into Clinical Practice, 6th Edition, is the only text that bridges the gap between current and emerging motor control research and its application to clinical practice. Written by leading experts in the field, this classic resource prepares users to effectively assess, evaluate, and treat clients with problems related to postural control, mobility, and upper extremity function using today’s evidence-based best practices.
 
This extensively revised 6th Edition reflects the latest advances in research and features updated images, clinical features, and case studies to ensure a confident transition to practice. Each chapter follows a consistent, straightforward format to simplify studying and reinforce understanding of normal control process issues, age-related issues, research on abnormal function, clinical applications of current research, and evidence to support treatments used in the rehabilitation of patients with motor control problems.
  • New and revised content in every chapter keeps students at the forefront of motor control research.
  • Consistent, straightforward presentation simplifies studying and reinforces student’s understanding of normal control process issues, age-related issues, research on abnormal function, and clinical applications of current research, including methods for assessing, evaluating, and treating clients with motor dyscontrol in each area, and research evidence that support these treatments.  
  • Lab Activities provide valuable practice applying chapter concepts. 
  • Clinical tests and measures familiarize students with the latest assessment methods and procedures; also provided is the latest research related to interpreting tests and measure results. 
  • High-quality figures clarify concepts underlying anatomy and physiology.
  • Chapter Summaries reinforce understanding of key takeaways at a glance.
  • Case Studies demonstrate concepts in action.
  • Companion videos available online guide students through the application of concepts to real-life physical therapy and rehabilitation scenarios.
Lippincott® Connect features: 
  • Full access to the digital version of the book with the ability to highlight and take notes on key passages for a more personal, efficient study experience. 
  • Carefully curated resources, such as interactive diagrams, audio and video tutorials, and self-assessment, all designed to facilitate further comprehension. 
 Lippincott® Connect also allows users to create Study Collections to further personalize the study experience. With Study Collections you can: 
  • Pool content from books across your entire library into self-created Study Collections based on discipline, procedure, organ, concept or other topics. 
  • Display related text passages, video clips and self-assessment questions from each book (if available) for efficient absorption of material. 
  • Annotate and highlight key content for easy access later. 
  • Navigate seamlessly between book chapters, sections, self-assessments, notes and highlights in a single view/page. 
Preface vii
PART I THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK
1(162)
1 Motor Control: Issues and Theories
3(19)
Introduction
3(1)
What Is Motor Control?
3(1)
Why Should Therapists Study Motor Control?
3(1)
Understanding the Nature of Movement
4(3)
Individual Systems Underlying Motor Control
4(1)
Task Constraints on Movement Control
5(1)
Environmental Constraints on Movement Control
6(1)
The Control of Movement: Theories of Motor Control
7(10)
Value of Theory to Practice
7(1)
Reflex Theory
8(1)
Hierarchical Theory
8(2)
Motor Programming Theories
10(1)
Systems Theory
11(4)
Ecological Theory
15(1)
Which Theory of Motor Control Is Best?
16(1)
Parallel Development of Clinical Practice and Scientific Theory
17(2)
Neurologic Rehabilitation: Reflex-Based Neurofacilitation Approaches
17(1)
Task-Oriented Approach
17(2)
Case Studies
19(2)
Summary
21(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
21(1)
2 Motor Learning and Recovery of Function
22(25)
Introduction to Motor Learning
22(1)
What Is Motor Learning?
22(1)
Nature of Motor Learning
23(5)
Early Definitions of Motor Learning
23(1)
Broadening the Definition of Motor Learning
23(1)
Relating Performance and Learning
23(1)
Attention and Motor Learning
24(1)
Forms of Learning
24(1)
Basic Forms of Long-Term Memory: Nondeclarative (Implicit) and Declarative (Explicit)
24(4)
Theories of Motor Learning
28(2)
Schmidt's Schema Theory
28(1)
Ecological Theory
29(1)
Theories Related to Stages of Learning Motor Skills
30(4)
Fitts and Posner's Three-Stage Model
30(1)
Bernstein's Three-Stage Approach to Motor Learning: Mastering Degrees of Freedom
31(2)
Gentile's Two-Stage Model
33(1)
Stages of Motor Program Formation
33(1)
Practical Applications of Motor Learning Research
34(6)
Practice Levels
34(1)
Feedback
34(2)
Practice Conditions
36(4)
Recovery of Function
40(5)
Concepts Related to Recovery of Function
40(1)
Factors Affecting Recovery of Function
40(2)
Preinjury Neuroprotective Factors
42(1)
Postinjury Factors
43(2)
Summary
45(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
46(1)
3 Physiology of Motor Control
47(37)
Introduction and Overview
47(5)
Motor Control Theories and Physiology
47(1)
Overview of Brain Function
48(3)
Neuron: The Basic Unit of the CNS
51(1)
Sensory and Perceptual Systems
52(18)
Somatosensory System
53(9)
Visual System
62(5)
Vestibular System
67(3)
Action Systems
70(13)
Motor Cortex
70(4)
Higher-Level Association Areas
74(1)
Cerebellum
74(3)
Basal Ganglia
77(3)
Mesencephalon and Brainstem
80(3)
Summary
83(1)
4 Physiological Basis of Motor Learning and Recovery of Function
84(28)
Introduction
84(4)
Defining Neural Plasticity
85(1)
Learning and Memory
85(2)
Localization of Learning and Memory
87(1)
Plasticity and Learning
88(8)
Plasticity and Nondeclarative (Implicit) Forms of Learning
88(2)
Procedural Learning (Skills and Habits)
90(1)
Plasticity and Declarative (Explicit) Forms of Learning
90(3)
The Shift from Implicit to Explicit Knowledge
93(1)
The Shift from Explicit to Implicit Memory
93(1)
Complex Forms of Motor Learning
93(1)
Acquisition of Skill: The Shift to Automaticity
94(1)
Summary of Forms of Learning
95(1)
Neural Plasticity and Recovery of Function
96(12)
Conceptualizing Recovery
96(1)
Axonal Damage: Effects on Neurons and Neighboring Cells
96(1)
Early Transient Events That Depress Brain Function
97(1)
Axonal Regeneration: Difference in the Peripheral versus Central Nervous Systems
98(1)
CNS Response to Injury
98(3)
Changes in Cortical Maps after Lesions and during Recovery of Function
101(4)
Strategies to Enhance Neural Plasticity and Cortical Reorganization
105(3)
Clinical Implications of Research on Neural Plasticity and Recovery of Function in Acquired Brain Injury
108(1)
Neural Plasticity and Neurodegenerative Disease
108(3)
Neural Plasticity and Parkinson's Disease
109(1)
Clinical Implications of Research on Neural Plasticity and Recovery of Function in PD
110(1)
Summary
111(1)
5 Constraints on Motor Control: An Overview of Neurologic Impairments
112(34)
Introduction: Signs and Symptoms of Pathophysiology of Motor Control
112(1)
Classifying Impairments Associated with Central Nervous System Lesions
113(1)
Signs versus Symptoms
113(1)
Positive versus Negative Signs and Symptoms
113(1)
Primary versus Secondary Effects
113(1)
Impairments in the Action Systems
114(10)
Motor Cortex Deficits
114(5)
Motor Impairments Associated with Subcortical Pathology
119(4)
Secondary Musculoskeletal Impairments
123(1)
Impairments in Sensory Systems
124(2)
Somatosensory Deficits
124(1)
Visual Deficits
125(1)
Vestibular Deficits
126(1)
Pathology of Higher-Order Association Cortices: Spatial and Nonspatial Impairments
126(1)
Right Hemisphere Spatial Deficits
126(1)
Right Hemisphere Nonspatial Deficits
126(1)
Clinical Management of Impairments in the Action (Motor) Systems
127(9)
Motor Cortex and Corticospinal Tract Impairments
127(6)
Clinical Management of Cerebellar and Basal Ganglia Impairments
133(3)
Clinical Management of Musculoskeletal Impairments
136(1)
Clinical Management of Impairments in the Sensory Systems
136(3)
Somatosensory Impairments
136(2)
Visual Impairments
138(1)
Vestibular Impairments
138(1)
Clinical Management of Impairments in the Perceptual and Cognitive Systems
139(6)
Spatial Deficits: Hemineglect
139(3)
Nonspatial Cognitive Deficits
142(3)
Summary
145(1)
6 A Conceptual Framework for Clinical Practice
146(17)
Introduction
146(1)
Components of a Conceptual*Framework for Clinical Practice
147(8)
Models of Practice
147(3)
Models of Functioning and Disability
150(3)
Hypothesis-Oriented Clinical Practice
153(1)
Theories of Motor Control and Learning
154(1)
Evidence-Based Clinical Practice
154(1)
Applying a Conceptual Framework to Clinical Practice
154(1)
Developing a Personal Conceptual Framework for Clinical Practice
155(1)
Task-Oriented Approach to Examination
155(4)
Examination of Functional Activities and Participation
155(3)
Examination at the Strategy Level
158(1)
Examining Impairments of Body Structure and Function
159(1)
Task-Oriented Approach to Intervention
159(1)
Recovery Versus Compensation
159(1)
Summary
160(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
161(2)
PART II POSTURAL CONTROL
163(168)
7 Normal Postural Control
165(32)
Introduction
165(5)
Defining Postural Control
166(2)
A Systems Framework for Postural Control
168(2)
Motor Systems in Postural Control
170(15)
Steady-State Balance
170(6)
Reactive Balance Control
176(7)
Proactive (Anticipatory) Balance Control
183(2)
Sensory and Perceptual Systems in Postural Control
185(6)
Sensory Inputs for Steady-State Balance
185(5)
Sensory Inputs for Reactive Balance
190(1)
Clinical Applications of Research on Sensory and Perceptual Aspects of Postural Control
191(1)
Cognitive Systems in Postural Control
191(2)
Clinical Applications of Research on Cognitive Aspects of Postural Control
193(1)
Neural Subsystems Controlling Postural Orientation and Stability
193(2)
Spinal Contributions
193(1)
Brainstem Contributions
194(1)
Basal Ganglia and Cerebellar Contributions
195(1)
Summary
195(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
195(2)
8 Development of Postural Control
197(25)
Introduction
197(2)
Postural Control and Development
197(1)
Motor Milestones and Emerging Postural Control
198(1)
Theories of Developing Postural Control
199(3)
Reflex/Hierarchical Theory
199(1)
Systems Theory
199(3)
Development of Postural Control: A Systems Perspective
202(19)
General Movements in Infants
202(1)
Emerging Head Control
202(2)
Emergence of Independent Sitting
204(6)
Transition to Independent Stance
210(4)
Refinement of Postural Control
214(6)
Cognitive Systems in Postural Development
220(1)
Summary
221(1)
9 Aging and Postural Control
222(25)
Introduction
222(2)
Factors Contributing to Aging
222(1)
Interactions between Primary and Secondary Factors
223(1)
Heterogeneity of Aging
223(1)
Behavioral Indicators of Instability
224(3)
Defining Falls
224(1)
Risk Factors for Falls
225(2)
Age-Related Changes in the Systems of Postural Control
227(10)
Motor Systems
227(2)
Changes to Steady-State Balance
229(1)
Changes in Reactive Balance Control
230(7)
Aging in the Sensory or Perceptual Systems
237(4)
Changes in Individual Sensory Systems
237(2)
Adapting Senses for Postural Control
239(2)
Cognitive Issues and Posture Control
241(4)
A Case Study Approach to Understanding Age-Related Postural Disorders
245(1)
Summary
246(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
246(1)
10 Abnormal Postural Control
247(34)
Introduction
247(1)
Falls in Persons with Neurologic Pathology
247(1)
Problems in the Motor Systems
248(18)
Impaired Steady-State Balance
248(6)
Impaired Reactive Balance
254(10)
Impaired Anticipatory Postural Control
264(2)
Problems in the Sensory/Perceptual Systems
266(7)
Sensory Problems Affecting Steady-State Balance
266(5)
Sensory Problems Affecting Reactive Balance
271(1)
Sensory Problems Affecting Anticipatory Balance
272(1)
Perceptual Problems Affecting Postural Control
272(1)
Clinical Implications of Research on Impaired Sensation/Perceptions and Postural Control
273(1)
Problems in Cognitive Systems
273(4)
Balance and Falls Self-Efficacy
273(1)
Impaired Postural Stability and Dual-Task Interference
274(3)
A Case Study Approach to Understanding Postural Dyscontrol
277(3)
Jean J and Genise T: Postural Problems following Cerebral Vascular Accident
277(1)
Mike M: Postural Problems in Parkinson's Disease
278(1)
John C: Postural Problems in Cerebellar Disorders
279(1)
Thomas L: Postural Problems in Spastic Diplegic CP
279(1)
Malachi: Postural Problems in Severe Athetoid/Spastic CP
280(1)
Sue: Postural Problems in Multiple Sclerosis
280(1)
Summary
280(1)
11 Clinical Management of the Patient with a Postural Control Disorder
281(50)
Introduction
281(2)
Conceptual Framework for Balance Rehabilitation
282(1)
Examination
283(25)
Safety---The First Concern
283(1)
Examining the Effect of Balance on Participation
283(2)
Examining Balance in Functional Activities
285(13)
Assessing Strategies for Balance
298(8)
Examination of Underlying Impairments
306(2)
Evaluation: Interpreting the Results of the Examination
308(1)
Task-Oriented Balance Rehabilitation
308(15)
Motor System
309(8)
Sensory Systems
317(4)
Cognitive Systems
321(2)
Putting It All Together
323(6)
Research Evidence for a Task-Oriented Approach to Balance Rehabilitation
325(3)
Improving Participation---Evidence-Based Fall Prevention
328(1)
Summary
329(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
329(2)
PART III MOBILITY FUNCTIONS
331(160)
12 Control of Normal Mobility
333(34)
Introduction
333(1)
Mobility in the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Framework
333(1)
Motor Systems and Gait
334(16)
Essential Requirements of Locomotion: Progression, Postural Control, and Adaptation
334(1)
Characterizing Steady-State Gait
335(8)
Adaptation of Gait: Contributions of Reactive and Proactive Balance Control in Gait
343(6)
Initiating Gait
349(1)
Control Mechanisms for Gait
350(4)
Pattern Generators for Gait
350(2)
Descending Influences
352(1)
Musculoskeletal Contributions to Gait
353(1)
Sensory Systems and the Control of Gait
354(3)
Somatosensory Systems
354(2)
Vision
356(1)
Vestibular System
357(1)
Cognitive Systems and Gait
357(2)
Dual-Task Performance during Steady-State Gait
357(1)
Dual-Task Performance during Obstacle Crossing
358(1)
Stair Walking
359(2)
Ascent
360(1)
Descent
360(1)
Adapting Stair-Walking Patterns to Changes in Sensory Cues
360(1)
Mobility Other Than Gait
361(4)
Transfers and Bed Mobility
361(4)
Summary
365(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
366(1)
13 Development of Mobility
367(22)
Introduction
367(1)
Development of Motor Systems and Gait
367(17)
Development of Steady-State Gait
368(7)
Development of Adaptation
375(3)
Expanding the Repertoire of Steady-State Gait Patterns: Run, Skip, Hop, and Gallop
378(1)
Sensory Systems
379(2)
Cognitive Systems
381(3)
Development of Other Mobility Skills
384(4)
Development of Rolling
384(3)
Development of Supine to Stand
387(1)
Summary
388(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
388(1)
14 Aging and Mobility
389(18)
Introduction
389(1)
Gait Dysfunction: Aging or Pathology?
389(1)
Motor Systems and Gait
390(10)
Age-Related Changes in Steady-State Gait
390(4)
Age-Related Changes in Adaptation of Gait: Reactive and Proactive Balance
394(5)
Role of Pathology in Gait Changes in Older Adults
399(1)
Age-Related Changes in Sensory Systems and Gait
400(1)
Somatosensation
400(1)
Vision
400(1)
Vestibular
400(1)
Age-Related Changes in Cognitive Systems and Gait
400(3)
Age-Related Changes in Dual-Task Performance during Steady-State Gait
400(1)
Age-Related Changes in Dual-Task Performance during Obstacle Crossing
401(1)
Cognitive Influences on Gait: Fear of Falling in Older Adults
402(1)
Age-Related Changes in Other Mobility Skills
403(1)
Gait Initiation and Backward Gait
403(1)
Stair Walking
403(1)
Sit-to-Stand
403(1)
Rising from a Bed
404(1)
Supine to Standing
404(1)
Comparing Gait Characteristics of Infants and Older Adults: Testing the Regression Hypothesis
404(1)
A Case Study Approach to Understanding Age-Related Changes in Mobility
405(1)
Summary
406(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
406(1)
15 Abnormal Mobility
407(33)
Introduction
407(1)
Classification Systems
407(1)
Motor Systems and Abnormal Gait
408(14)
Paresis or Weakness
409(3)
Spasticity
412(3)
Loss of Selective Control and the Emergence of Abnormal Synergies
415(1)
Coordination Problems
416(2)
Musculoskeletal Impairments
418(1)
Impaired Adaptation of Gait: Contributions of Impaired Reactive and Proactive Balance Control
419(3)
Sensory Systems and Abnormal Gait
422(4)
Somatosensory Deficits
423(1)
Visual Deficits
423(1)
Vestibular Deficits
423(1)
Perceptual Problems Affecting Gait
424(2)
Cognitive Systems and Impaired Gait
426(2)
Impaired Dual-Task Walking
426(2)
What Factors Limit Participation in the Mobility Domain?
428(1)
Disorders of Mobility Other than Gait
429(4)
Gait Initiation
429(1)
Stair Walking
430(1)
Transfers and Bed Mobility
430(3)
A Case Study Approach to Understanding Mobility Disorders
433(5)
Jean J and Genise T: Stroke
433(1)
Mike M: Parkinson's Disease
434(2)
John C: Degenerative Cerebellar Injury
436(1)
Sue: Multiple Sclerosis
436(2)
Thomas: Spastic Diplegic Cerebral Palsy
438(1)
Summary
438(2)
16 Clinical Management of the Patient with a Mobility Disorder
440(51)
Introduction
440(1)
A Task-Oriented Approach to Examination
441(23)
Measuring Participation: Mobility Performance in the Home and Community Contexts
441(2)
Standardized Measures of Walking Capacity
443(14)
Examining the Gait Pattern
457(5)
Examination at the Impairment Level
462(1)
Measuring Mobility: Do We Really Need All These Tests and Measures?
462(2)
Transition to Treatment
464(1)
Setting Goals
464(1)
Task-Oriented Approach to Locomotor Training
465(18)
Interventions at the Impairment Level
465(2)
Intervention at the Strategy Level: Improving the Gait Pattern
467(7)
Training Adaptation: Complex Walking Tasks
474(2)
Research Supporting Locomotor Training in Specific Patient Populations
476(5)
Improving Participation and Reducing Mobility Disability
481(2)
Retraining Other Mobility Skills
483(5)
Stair Walking
483(1)
Sit-to-Stand
484(1)
Importance of Varying Task and Environmental Demands
485(3)
Summary
488(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
489(2)
PART IV REACH, GRASP, AND MANIPULATION
491(131)
17 Normal Reach, Grasp, and Manipulation
493(26)
Introduction
493(1)
Movement Control Principles
494(1)
Feedforward versus Feedback Control of Movement
494(1)
Locating a Target
495(2)
Eye-Head-Trunk Coordination
495(1)
Interactions between Eye Movements and Hand Movements
496(1)
Reach and Grasp
497(1)
Kinematics of Reach and Grasp
497(1)
Neural Control of Reach and Grasp
497(9)
Sensory Systems
497(7)
Motor Systems
504(2)
Grasping
506(3)
Classification of Grasping Patterns
506(1)
Anticipatory Control of Grasping Patterns: Precision Grip Formation
506(2)
Grasp and Lift Tasks
508(1)
Coordination of Reach and Grasp
509(1)
General Principles of Neural Control of Reach and Grasp
510(7)
Invariant Features of Movement: Motor Programs
510(1)
Reaction Times for Reach and Grasp
510(1)
Fitts's Law
511(1)
How Does the Nervous System Plan Movements? Muscle Coordinate, Joint Angle Coordinate, and End Point Coordinate Strategies
511(3)
Distance versus Location Programming Theories
514(3)
Interference between Reaching and the Performance of Secondary Cognitive Tasks
517(1)
Summary
518(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
518(1)
18 Reach, Grasp, and Manipulation: Changes across the Life Span
519(29)
Introduction
519(1)
Principles Underlying the Development of Reaching Behaviors
519(3)
Role of Reflexes in the Development of Reaching Behaviors
519(1)
Reaching Behaviors: Innate or Learned?
520(2)
Locating a Target: Eye-Head Coordination
522(2)
Shifting Gaze
522(1)
Tracking Object Movements
522(1)
Development of Visual Pathways for Reaching
523(1)
Eye-Head-Hand Coordination Development
524(1)
Reach and Grasp
524(12)
Motor Components
524(5)
Sensory Components
529(2)
Grasp Development
531(2)
When Do Children Start Using Anticipatory Control in Grasping and Lifting Objects?
533(1)
Adaptation of Grip Forces
534(1)
Learning to Reach for and Grasp Moving Objects (Catching)
534(1)
Cognitive Components
534(2)
The Role of Experience in the Development of Eye-Hand Coordination
536(1)
Reaction Time Reaching Tasks
537(1)
Fitts' Law
537(1)
Changes in Older Adults
538(7)
Reaching: Changes with Age
538(3)
Grasping: Changes with Age
541(2)
Reach-Grasp Adaptation: Changes with Age
543(1)
Compensation and Reversibility of Decrements in Reaching Performance
543(2)
A Case Study Approach to Understanding Age-Related Changes in Reach, Grasp, and Manipulation
545(1)
Summary
546(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
546(2)
19 Abnormal Reach, Grasp, and Manipulation
548(30)
Introduction
548(1)
Target Location Problems
549(1)
Visual Deficits and Object Localization
549(1)
Problems with Eye-Head-Hand Coordination
550(1)
Problems with Reach and Grasp
551(20)
Impairments of Reach
551(13)
Problems with Grasp
564(7)
Problems with In-Hand Manipulation
571(1)
Problems with Release
571(1)
Interlimb Coupling and Bimanual Tasks
572(2)
Reach and Grasp in the Ipsilesional Nonhemiparetic Limb
573(1)
Apraxia
574(1)
A Case Study Approach to Understanding Upper-Extremity Disorders
574(2)
Jean J and Genise T: Reach-and-Grasp Problems Following Cerebrovascular Accident
574(1)
Mike M: Reach-and-Grasp Problems in Parkinson's Disease
575(1)
John C: Reach-and-Grasp Problems Following Cerebellar Pathology
575(1)
Thomas: Reach-and-Grasp Problems in Cerebral Palsy
576(1)
Malachi: Reach-and-Grasp Problems in Severe Dystonic/Spastic Cerebral Palsy
576(1)
Sue: Reach-and-Grasp Problems in Multiple Sclerosis
576(1)
Summary
576(2)
20 Clinical Management of the Patient with Reach, Grasp, and Manipulation Disorders
578(44)
Introduction
578(1)
Examination
579(15)
Examining the Effect of Prehension on Participation
579(2)
Examining Prehension in Functional Activities
581(11)
Examination of Underlying Impairments
592(2)
Evaluation: Interpreting the Results of the Examination
594(25)
Long-Term Goals
595(1)
Short-Term Goals
595(1)
Client-Identified Goals
595(8)
Intervention for Sensorimotor Strategies
603(7)
Interventions at the Functional Level
610(8)
Improving Participation
618(1)
Summary
619(1)
Answers to Lab Activity Assignments
620(2)
References 622(83)
Index 705