Dedication |
|
iii | |
Acknowledgement |
|
xiii | |
Preface |
|
xv | |
Introduction |
|
xvii | |
|
Part I: Forensic Engineering Reconstruction of Motorcycle Accidents |
|
|
|
Understanding Motorcycles |
|
|
3 | (8) |
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
Transmissions and Drive Lines |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
11 | (4) |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Anti-Skid Brake System (ABS) |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
|
15 | (8) |
|
|
15 | (3) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
Hydroplaning and Wet Traction |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (2) |
|
|
23 | (6) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
Ruts and Expansion Joints |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (2) |
|
|
29 | (4) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
|
31 | (2) |
|
|
33 | (6) |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
34 | (3) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (6) |
|
The Best Rider Crash Protection |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (3) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
44 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (4) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
|
49 | (4) |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
Brake and Swerve Simultaneously |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
Pick a Soft Place to Crash |
|
|
51 | (2) |
|
|
53 | (4) |
|
Mopeds and Motorized Bicycles |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
Motor-Driven Cycle (``No-Ped'') |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
54 | (1) |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
|
55 | (1) |
|
Three-Wheel Cars (e.g., Morgan and Trihawk) |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
|
57 | (6) |
|
Identification of Vehicle Make and Model |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
|
60 | (3) |
|
|
63 | (10) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Uncertainty Cuts Both Ways |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
Speeds from Scrapes and Gouges |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
Speed from Rotation of Car |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
Relative Speed from Tire Markings |
|
|
69 | (2) |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
Safety, or Why the Blank Do People Ride Those Blankety-Blank Things? |
|
|
73 | (4) |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
Visual Perception and Motorcyclists' Conspicuity |
|
|
77 | (8) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
Conspicuity Is a Significant Factor |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Human Factors: How the Eyes Work |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Dynamic Visual Acuity Is Related to Driving |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
Daytime versus Nighttime Vision |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Human Factors: The Brain Is in Charge |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
Human Factors: Response to a Crisis Takes Time |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
Ways to Increase Conspicuity |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
Helmets from the Vision Perspective |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
|
83 | (2) |
|
Anatomy of a Well-Managed, Well-Funded Case and Things That Happen Way Too Often |
|
|
85 | (4) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (2) |
|
Motorcycle Steering Revisited (Because Not All Is As It Seems) |
|
|
89 | (6) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
|
90 | (4) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
Primary versus Secondary Safety |
|
|
95 | (4) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (1) |
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
Motorcycle Accident Injury Biomechanics |
|
|
99 | (12) |
|
It's Not the Fall that Hurts; It's the Landing! |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Soft Tissue versus Hard Tissue Injuries |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (2) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Coup-Contra Coup Injuries |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Linear Acceleration and the Head Impact Criteria (HIC) |
|
|
102 | (1) |
|
Angular Acceleration and Diffuse Axonal Injury |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (6) |
|
Increase the stopping distance |
|
|
103 | (2) |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
Chin-strap, comfort liner, and face-shield |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
|
105 | (4) |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
Suggested Further Reading |
|
|
109 | (2) |
|
Engineering Analysis Reports |
|
|
111 | (112) |
|
|
|
|
|
223 | (4) |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
How This Section Was Researched and Written |
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
Purpose and Suggested Use |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Preliminary Considerations in Evaluating a Case |
|
|
224 | (3) |
|
|
227 | (12) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
Current Helmet Laws State-by-State |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
Helmet Litigation State-by-State |
|
|
230 | (7) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
230 | (7) |
|
|
237 | (2) |
|
|
237 | (2) |
|
Helmets: Negligence for Not Wearing |
|
|
239 | (6) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (4) |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (10) |
|
Introduction and Statutory Background |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Driver Turning Left in Front of Motorcycle |
|
|
247 | (4) |
|
Motorcyclist Turning Left |
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
251 | (4) |
|
Motorcycle or Driver Overtaking |
|
|
255 | (4) |
|
Introduction and Statutory Background |
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
|
255 | (4) |
|
Collision with Backing, Parked, Stalled, Disabled, or Slow Vehicle |
|
|
259 | (6) |
|
Introduction and Statutory Background |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
|
259 | (6) |
|
Motorcycle and Other Vehicle Meeting |
|
|
265 | (4) |
|
Introduction and Statutory Background |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
265 | (4) |
|
Negligence for Obstructions to View |
|
|
269 | (4) |
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
269 | (4) |
|
|
273 | (16) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Sand, Gravel, Fluids and Other Objects on Roadway |
|
|
273 | (4) |
|
Bumps, Dips, Potholes, Manhole Covers |
|
|
277 | (2) |
|
Construction Area and Design Defects |
|
|
279 | (2) |
|
Signs, Signals and Markings: Failure to Install or Maintain |
|
|
281 | (4) |
|
Allegations of Negligent Design |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
286 | (3) |
|
Defective Conditions on Private Property |
|
|
289 | (10) |
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Gravel Pits, Excavations, Mounds |
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
Motorcyclist Strikes Pedestrian or Other Motorcyclist |
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
Other Defects on Private Land |
|
|
294 | (5) |
|
Collision with Cable or Chain |
|
|
299 | (6) |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
|
299 | (6) |
|
|
305 | (6) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Collision with Wild Animal |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Collision with Domestic Animal |
|
|
305 | (6) |
|
Motorcyclist in Collision with Pedestrian and Driver in Collision with Motorcyclist as Pedestrian |
|
|
311 | (4) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (4) |
|
Negligent Entrustment or Supervision |
|
|
315 | (4) |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
315 | (4) |
|
Motorcycle Passenger: Imputed Negligence |
|
|
319 | (4) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
319 | (4) |
|
|
323 | (10) |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
323 | (10) |
|
Motorcycling Events and Releases of Liability |
|
|
333 | (4) |
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
333 | (2) |
|
|
335 | (2) |
|
Negligence of Server of Alcohol (Dram Shop Act Cases) |
|
|
337 | (4) |
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
338 | (3) |
|
Failure to Arrest Intoxicated Operator |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
341 | |